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2.2 Theoretical Framework
In order to answer the formulated problems, I apply some theories and an approach in this study. First, the theory of critical approach is used to analyze the
problem. There are five approaches and the emphasis of the approach used is the psychological approach.
In analyzing the character, I apply the theory of character and characterization. This used to get a deeper understanding of literary works. The
nine methods of characterization proposed by Murphy are also used to look for
some of Gayle’s characterization.
In analyzing Gayle’s past traumatic experience and post traumatic stress disorder which are described in the novel, I employ the theory of Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder proposed by Bloom, Mathias, Ruzek, Wilson, Nathan, O’Leary, and Clark. These theories include the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder,
causes of post traumatic stress disorder, and effects of post traumatic stress disorder
In analyzing the ways Gayle copes with her post traumatic stress disorder, I also use the theory of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder proposed by Ruzek. This
theory includes the ways of coping with post traumatic stress disorder. I also use the psychological approach to analyze the novel from a psychological perspective.
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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts. These are object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. The first is object of the study
which deals with the physical description of the novel Mummy’s Witness by Gayle Sanders and also the focus of this study. The second is approach of the study that I
use to explain the approach in analyzing this novel. The last is method of the study that describes the procedure to analyze the study.
3.1 Object of the study
The object of this study is a biographical novel by a writer named Gayle Sanders. The novel is entitled Mummy’s Witness published in 2007 by Hodder
Stoughton Ltd, a division of Hodder Headline, in Great Britain. The novel consists of 297 pages in 20 chapters. This novel was released as a trade paperback
in July, 2007 by Hodder Headline. Mummy’s Witness is a biographical novel which tells about the traumatic
experiences of the main character, Gayle Sanders, who witnesses her father’s brutal actions in torturing and killing her mother. Gayle grows up in a middle
class household in an ordinary seaside town. She lives with her father, mother, brother, and sister. Her father is a well known person in her town while her
mother is a housewife. Everyday, Gayle sees her mother being tortured by her father. She is the only person who witnesses her father’s violence. Then her
parents are finally separated. Gayle thinks she will be safe, feels joyful and
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