42 Here Gayle cannot forget her father’s face when he kills her mother and
always remembers the scary scene over and over. So this is Gayle’s flashback of her traumatic event. When Gayle arrives at her grandmother’s house, she thinks
she sees a cut-out image of her mother lying on the grass in their garden, but she is not sure whether she imagines it or not Sanders 124. According to Wilson,
Nathan, O’Leary, and Clark 152, the traumatic event is persistently re- experienced in one or more ways, for example recurrent and intrusive distressing
recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions, recurrent distressing dreams of the event, acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were
recurring including a sense of relieving experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes.
Again, this is proof that Gayle has the re-collection of the way her mother has died by seeing a cut-out image of her mother. Although Gayle does not realize
that she has re-collections, this is a kind of symptom of post traumatic stress disorder.
Based on the analysis above, we can conclude that Gayle re-experiences the event again and again. According to the theory of Wilson, Nathan, O’Leary,
and Clark 152 about post traumatic stress disorder, she also has some re- collections of the traumatic event.
4.3.2 Being on guard
According to the theory of Wilson, Nathan, O’Leary, and Clark 152 about post traumatic stress disorder, in this type of disorder the sufferers feel
anxious and find it hard to sleep. They also cannot relax but stay alert all the time.
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43 Sufferers know that in this condition the experience is life-threatening, both
physically and psychologically. Here Gayle has the same experiences. Gayle feels anxious and finds it hard to sleep too. She becomes terrified and has nightmares.
She also stays alert all the time. This is a type of symptom which helps us to recognize whether the sufferer undergoes post traumatic stress disorder or not.
Gayle feels that: I had never been a good sleeper, but now I had become terrified of the
dark and had to keep the lights on at night. Even then I couldn’t sleep, and when I finally did I suffered appalling nightmares that left me trembling
and wide awake for the rest of the night Sanders 143. After the traumatic events that she has experienced, Gayle has difficulty in
sleeping. She cannot relax and becomes terrified. This is normal for the sufferers of PTSD.
Gayle feels sick. Anything that reminds her of her father sends her into a state of a complete terror. Even though she knows that her father has been jailed,
Gayle feels that her father is still watching her and will be back to abuse her Sanders 136. According to the theory of Wilson, Nathan, O’Leary, and Clark
152, there are three main types of symptom that are required to assign the diagnosis of PTSD. The last type is being on guard. Here, sufferers feel anxious
and find it hard to sleep. They also cannot relax but stay alert all the time. Sufferers know that in this condition the experience is life-threatening, both
physically and psychologically. So, there is an enormous stress reaction here. This is very exhausting and leads to nightmares and depression.
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44 The proof above shows that the traumatic events make Gayle unable to
relax. She stays alert all the time because although her father is in prison she thinks that her father is still watching her and this really threatens her.
4.3.3 Avoidance and emotional numbing
