High School English teachers may broaden their knowledge about English language teaching through the study.
3. For the students The study provides material that is useful to learn English based on
Cooperative Learning approach. Through the designed material, the students find it easier to understand the reading materials. The material provides the students to learn
and to interact with their friends.
F. Definition of Terms
To avoid misunderstanding, the writer provides some definition of terms. 1. Design
According to Kemp’s 1977: 8, design is a plan which is applied in every level of education and it has three essential elements. They are the objective of the
learning, the activities and resources, and evaluation. In this study, design is a plan to arrange a set of English reading material using Cooperative Learning approach that
can be used to facilitate the eighth grade students to comprehend the reading material.
2. Instructional Materials According to Dick and Reiser 1989: 3, instructional material is a set of
material which is used to deliver instructions to the learners. In this study, instructional material means a set of materials provided for the students that enables
the students to use the skill in comprehending the reading material.
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3. Reading Nunan 2003: 68 stated that reading is a fluent process of readers combining
information from a text and their own background knowledge to build meaning. In this study, reading means that the students are able to gain the information from the
text and use their background knowledge to help them in understanding the meaning.
4. Cooperative Language Learning Olsen and Kagan 1982 in Kessler 1992: 1 said that cooperative learning is
carefully structured and organized so that each learner interacts with others and all learners are motivated to increase each other’s learning. In this study, cooperative
learning means a way in which the students work and learn cooperatively with their group, help each other, discuss the opinions, and combining the understanding in
order to achieve a certain goal. Here, the students are responsible for their own learning in group with the guidance of their teacher, so that it would be beneficial for
everybody in class. So, the students would enhance the knowledge, cooperation ability, and performance of learning. Since the students would learn successfully and
maximize the knowledge through the process.
5. The eighth grade of Junior High School Students Eighth grade students are the students about 13-17 years old. Grade is a school
level where students gather in the group of the same age. The writer chose this level for the research since the students need to facilitate to gain knowledge as soon as
possible and it is useful for the learning process. So, the students are ready for the next level of education. In this study, eighth grade students of Junior High School is
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a group of students age between 13 - 17 years old who are learning in the SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta.
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9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
