Background of the Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Communication is an activity which has a purpose to communicate to other people. Communication refers to the act by one person or more who sends and receives a message. It usually occurs in a certain context and there is a chance to show the feedback. Even though there are systematic and dynamic processes in which meanings of human conversation uses symbol, gesture, speech, it also needs an explicit and implicit message in it. The researcher concludes that language and communication are connected through the previous statement. By a language, we can express and deliver our thought to other people. And also another people will understand what we try to say, whether in written or spoken form, formal or informal situation. According to Oxford dictionary 2003:240 “language is a system of communication in speech and writing used by people of a particular country”. As an international language, English can be used to communicate with people from other countries and also used as an instrument of utilizing modern science and technology. Therefore, English becomes one of the important aspects and should be well mastered to transfer a message. Transferring a message from Source Language SL to Target Language TL is called translation. Translation typically has been used to transfer written or spoken SL texts to equivalent written or spoken TL texts. In general, the purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts –including religious, literary, scientific, and philosophical texts- in another language and thus making them available to wider readers. In other words, translation is really a language activity to produce the same meaning of sentences or text in other language. The activity goes through the process in which the translator has to see events first, the concepts or ideas, the SL to reachthe event in the TL, which is the result in translation. According to Newmark 1981:7 “translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language”. There are two problems which can be deliberated about Newmark’s definition. The first, Newmark looks a translation connected with written text. There is a possibility to distinguish with “interpretation” in verbal translation. And the second, Newmark’s definition does not use the equivalent or comparison term, but he uses the same term as another language. Another definition is stated by Susan Basnett 1988:5 “what is generally understood as translation involves the rendering of a source language SL text into the target language TL”, so as to ensure that: 1. the surface meaning of both language will be approximately similar, and 2. the structure of source language will be seriously distorted. Translation is a transfer process which aims at the transformation of a written SL text into an optimally equivalent TL text, and which requires the syntactic, the semantic and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the SL, that is why translation techniques is needed to translate SL to TL. According to Molina and Albir 2002:509-511, translation techniques has been divided into 18 forms; they are adaptation, amplification, borrowing, calque, compensation, description, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, literal translation, modulation, particularization, reduction, substitution, transposition, variation. According to the statement above, the researcher correlates this with her research about the translation techniques in subtitle text of “Finding Nemo” movie. The researcher would like to use it because film is a popular media. Along with the technology progress, film has better sound, more colorful and entertaining. Film has become easier to get, cheaper but high in quality. Now film grows to be people’s need. People need something to refresh their mind after doing many routine activities or even only to entertain them. Many films are written in English, therefore the film producers must transfer English to certain target language, in this case Indonesian language. As Luyken et al. in Mulyono 2007: 4 say that: Where … a play, film or series attempts to portray life in particular country, the language of that country is an essential part of that culture experience and it should be preserved: in such case, subtitling might be the most appropriate form of language transfer. The process of making subtitle text is related to the translation process, which interprets the actors and re – writes the result of interpreting the actors’ utterance. Subtitles are textual versions of dialog in films and television programs, and are usually displayed at the bottom of the screen. Sometimes the subtitle of film could not be understood because some subtitles are not easy to catch meaning. It means that the subtitler doesn’t do subtitling with the right way since so many aspects should be thought about. From that problem, technique of translation can be used to ease the viewer in subtitling. Finding Nemo is the title of the movie that the researcher wants to discuss in this research. This movie teaches how to convert the message as simple as possible, since the main character runs away from his father because of the misunderstanding of his father’s advice. This movie has so many aspects which is proper to be researched based on the view of translation technique. Like so many terms occur in this movie, technique of translation is involved in many ways as well. This movie can be consumed by children since the movie is simple and funny. In other word, it can be said that translation and this movie have same correlation to convey the message in different manner. From the character of this movie, the researcher decides to take this movie to be researched.

1.2 Statement of the Problem