9
8 Appropriately accomplish the communication functions of written texts
according to form and purpose. 9
Convey links and connections between events and communicate such relations as main idea, supporting idea, new information, given
information, generalization, and exemplification. 10
Distinguish between literal and implied meaning when writing. 11
Correctly convey culturally specific references in the context of written text.
12 Develop and use a battery of writing strategies, such as accurately
assessing the audience’s interpretation, using prewriting devices, writing with fluency in the first drafts. Using paraphrases and synonyms, soliciting
peer and instructor, and using feedback for revising and editing.
2. Teaching Writing
a. Teaching English Writing
Teaching writing is easy, but teaching writing well is not that easy. There are several steps to teach English writing well. Harmer 2004:41
explains that there must be five steps at least in teaching writing. The very first step in this case is demonstrating. In this stage, the
teachers give the students examples of a text type that is going to be learned. The details of the text are explained, such as its purpose, its social functions,
and its grammatical features. They are given an explanation selected the differences among text type.
10
After demonstrating, the second stage is motivating and provoking. Here, the teachers are about to provoke and motivate them in finding ideas
with simple and easy ways. Before entering the class, it will be better for the teacher to prepare what they will do in order to stimulate the students’ ideas.
For example, the teachers prepare some picture to be shown. From the picture, the students can find clues to generate their ideas. They can ask the
teacher for the correct sentences after they get ideas. The third step in teaching English writing is supporting. Actually, the
students need a lot of help from teacher. Therefore, the teacher should be available anytime when the students need their help in the classroom. In the
writing process, the students must have question to ask. They will ask about grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and anything dealing with writing
features. The fourth to do after supporting is responding. In this step, the teachers
give suggestions to the students’ work. It is about how the teachers correct their writing. Instead of giving any correction symbol on their works, the
teachers will give comments of suggestions. For example, the teachers say “You have to be careful with your future tense. You can do it, actually, it’s
just about your carefulness”. The italic sentence is an example of suggestions from the teachers in responding to a students’ work.
The last step is evaluating. They must have it in every task or activity. In evaluating, the teachers judge their work as the final produce. When
evaluating, the teachers will get each their score. They actually give
