1. Metaphor
Metaphor is comparison—the making connections between normally unrelated things. Aristotle defines metaphor as “an intuitive perception of the
similarity in dissimilars”. Metaphor employs no such explicit verbal clue. The comparison is implied in such a way that figurative term is substituted for or
identified with the literal one.
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Metaphor may take one of four forms, depending on whether the literal an figurative terms are respectively named or implied. First,
both the literal and figurative terms are named. Second, the literal term is named and the figurative term is implied. Third, the literal term is implied and the
figurative term is named. Forth, both the literal and the figurative terms are implied.
2. Simile
Simile establishes the comparison explicitly with he words like or as. The simile is more restricted in its comparative suggestion than is metaphor.
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In simile the comparison is expressed by the use of some word or phrase, such as
like , as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems. Eventhough similes are same as
metaphors, they are both forms of comparison. Similes allow the two ideas to remain distinct in spite of their similarities, whereas metaphors compare two
things without using like or as.
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For instance, a simile that compares a person
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Robert DiYanni 2002, op. cit. p. 709.
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Ibid. p. 709.
27
Simile, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Accessed on November 6, 2009. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiSimile,
with a bullet would go as follows: John was a record-setting runner and as fast as a speeding bullet.
3. Personification
According to Perrine, personification consists in giving the attributes of human being to an animal, an object, or a concept. It is really a subtype
comparison is always human being.
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Personification is a type of metaphor in which distinctive human characteristics, e.g., honesty, emotion, volition, etc., are
attributed to an animal, object or idea, as The haughty lion surveyed his realm or My car was happy to be washed or Fate frowned on his endeavors.
Personification is commonly used in allegory.
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4. Apostrophe
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