Dramatic irony often connotes something more specific and perhaps a little different from what is developed. It describes a speech or action in a story
that has mush great significance to the audience than to the character who speaks or performs it, because the audience possesses knowledge the character does not
have. In dramatic irony the discrepancy is not between what the speaker says and what the speaker means but between what the speaker says and what the poem
means. The speaker’s words may be perfectly straightforward, but author, by putting these words in a particular speaker’s mouth may be indicating to the
reader ideas or attitudes quite opposed to those the speaker is voicing.
41
A third type of irony, irony of situation, occurs when a discrepancy exists between the actual circumstances and those that would seem appropriate or
between what one anticipates and what actually comes to pass. For example, if a man and his second wife, on the first night of their honeymoon, are accidentally
seated at the theater next to the man’s first wife, we should call the situation ironic. When King Midas, in the famous fable, is granted his fondest wish, that
anything he touch turn to gold, and then he finds that he cannot eat because even his foods turns to gold, we call the situation ironic.
42
11. Allusion
41
Ibid. p. 106.
42
Ibid. p. 107-108.
A literary allusion is a brief reference to a person, place, phrase, or event drawn from history or literature. In other word, an allusion—a reference to
something in history or previous literature—is, like a richly connotative word or a symbol, a means of suggesting far more than it says.
43
For example, Robert frost in “out, out—makes his meaning entirely clear even for the reader who does not
recognize the allusion contained in the poem’s title. It is an allusion to one of the most famous passages in all English literature. The passage is that in Macbeth in
which Macbeth has just been informed of his wife’s death.
12. Synecdoche and Metonymy
Synecdoche is the use of part for the whole and metonymy is the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant. Both are alike in that both
substitute some significant detail or aspect of an experience for the experience itself.
44
Synecdoche is figurative locution whereby the part is made to stand for the whole, the whole for a part, the species for the genus, and vice versa. It can be
said that synecdoche using a part to signify the whole lend me a hand. Whereas, metonymy or substituting and attribute of a thing for the thing itself. For example,
Shakespeare uses synecdoche when he says that the cuckoo’s song is unpleasant to a “married ear”, for the means a married man. On the other hand, when Terence
advises “fellows whom it hurts to think” to “Look into the pewter pot To see the world as the world’s not,” e using metonymy, for by “pewter pot” he means the
43
Ibid . p. 120.
44
Ibid. pp. 65-66.
ale in the pot, not the pot itself, and by “world” he means human life and the condition under which it is lived.
13. Sarcasm and Satire
Sarcasm is imply bitter or cutting speech, intended to wound the feelings. Satire is a more formal term, usually applied to written literature rather than to
speech and ordinarily implying a higher motive: it is ridicule either bitter or gentle of human folly and vice, with the bringing about reform or at least of
keeping other people from falling into similar folly or vice.
45
For instance, one of the members of the class raises his hand on the discussion of this point and says,
“I don’t understand,” and the instructor replies, with a tone of heavy disgust in his voice, “Well, I wouldn’t expect you to,” so, he is being sarcastic: he means
exactly what he says.
45
Ibid . p. 104.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING
In this chapter, the writer describes two main descriptions, they are; data description and data analysis.
A. Data Description
In the data description, the writer will present the song lyrics and the table of social criticism aspects and figurative language used in the song. The
followings are presentation of the data description:
1. Mosh
I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America And to the Republic for which it stands
One nation under God Indivisible with liberty and justice for all...
It feels so good to be back… 5
I scrutinize every word, memorize every line I spit it once, refuel and re-energize and rewind
I give sight to the blind, my insight through the mind I exercise my right to express when I feel its time
Its just all in your mind, what you interpret it as
10 I say to fight, you take it as Imma whip someones ass
If you dont understand, dont even bother to ask A father who has grown up with a fatherless past
Who has blown up now to rap phenomenon that has Or at least shows no difficulty multi-task
15 And in juggling both perhaps mastered his craft
Slash entrepreneur who has held onto few more rap acts Whos had a few obstacles thrown his way through the last half
Of his career typical manure moving past that Mr. kisses ass crack, hes a class act
20 Rubber band man, yea he just snaps back
[Chorus:] Come along follow me as I lead through the darkness
As I provide just enough spark that we need to proceed
