supplied”.
32
She also explained that in controlled writing, the students are focused on getting words down on paper and in concentrating on one or two
problems at a time; and the technique which is considered by her is the students are given a task to work such as an outline to complete, a paragraph
to manipulate, a model to follow, or a passage to continue. c.
Guided Writing Ann Raimes stated also that “Guided writing is an extension of controlled
writing.”
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She explained that guided writing is less controlled than controlled writing. In this kind of writing the students are given a first
sentence, a last sentence, an outline to fill out, a series of question to respond to, or information to include in their writing.
D. Recount Text
1. The Definition of Recount Text
Recount is a kind of text to retell past events. Mark Anderson stated that recount text is a piece of text that retell past events, usually in the order of which
they happened.
34
It means that recount text is to tell someone about something or even in the past.
In addition, Wadirman stated that a recount text is a text that tells the reader about one story, action, and activity. Its goal is to entertain or inform the
reader.
35
It means that recount text is a text about past event which its purpose is to entertain or to inform the reader.
Another opinion stated by Hyland, “Recount text is one kind of story genre that reconstructs past experience by retelling events is original sequence.”
36
32
Ann Raimes, Technique in Teaching Writing, New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, p. 95.
33
Ibid, p 103
34
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 3, South Yarra: McMillan, 1998, p. 50.
35
Artono Wadirman, Masduki B. Jahur, and M. Sukirman Djusna, English Focus for Grade VIII Junior High School, Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Nasional, 2008, p. 61.
36
Ken Hyland, Second Language Writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 20.
It means that recount text is also used for r etelling authors’ or other people’s
experiences, feeling, and responses to those experiences. From several definitions above, it can be said that recount text is a factual
text which give explanation of some information to entertain or to inform the readers. The characteristic of the text is retelling the past experience and giving
the chronological description of what and when it occurred. Examples of recount text can be found in a news item, a journal, a biography, or a testimony of a
witness of an incident or events.
2. Types of Recount
According to Mukarto, there are three types of recount text. They are personal recount, procedural recount, and biographical recount.
a. Personal Recount
A personal recount usually retells an experience in which the writer was personally involved. It describes past event experiences by retelling events. Its
purpose is to inform or to entertain the reader. b.
Procedural Recount A procedural recount records events such as a science experiment or a cooking
experience. The purpose of it is to inform the reader about the procedure to do something.
c. Biographical Recount
A biographical recount uses specific names of the people involved in the biography. The purpose of biographical recount is to inform the reader by
retelling past events and achievements in a person’s life.
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37
Mukarto, et al., English on Sky 2, Jakarta: Erlangga, 2007, p. 62.
