Related Studies Figurative Expressions In John Steinbeck’s The Pearl

23

2.9.5. Metonymy

Metonymy is a figurative expression in which the name of one object or idea is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Webster‘s Third New International Dictionary in Leech 1969: 152 says, “Metonymy is a figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” In other hand, Halliday 1985: 319 says, “It is a word which is used for something related to that which it usually refers to.” For example: It was the towns mechanic, not the rich lawyer, who had the nicest ride. From the example the word ‘ride is a metonym for car because riding is something you do in an automobile, but the ride is not a part of the automobile and therefore does not qualify as synecdoche

2.10 Related Studies

Saleh 2008 in his thesis entitled “A Semantic Analysis of Figurative Expressions in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and The Sea” analyzes figurative expressions that exist in the novel. He found 67 data. They are 8 metaphors, 27 similes, 20 personifications, 4 hyperboles and 7 synecdoches. This study uses descriptive qualitative method, which has similirities with my thesis and it helps me how to analyse the data. Perangin-angin 2008 in his thesis entitled “The Analysis of Figurative Expressions in the Holy Bible: Hebrew” found 46 data. They are 20 metaphors, 9 hyperboles, 5 similes, 3 synecdoche, and 5 personifications. This thesis gives me contribution about how to analyze the problem in my thesis. 24 Nora 2009 in her thesis entitled “Figurative Expressions In Karonese society: Nure-Nure” found 59 data. They are 3 metaphors, 21 similes, 4 personifications, 12 hyperboles, and 1 synecdoche. This thesis also helps me to analyse the data in my study. Lisbet Pakpahan 2005. An Analysis of Figurative Meaning in Scorpion’s Song Lyrics. In her thesis, she analyzed figurative meaning that exist in the lyrics of Scorpion’s songs. She concludes that there are 77 cases of figurative meaning found in 10 songs of Scorpion’s and the most dominant one is hyperbole with total case 26 cases and followed by 6 synecdoches, 17 metaphors, 3 similes, 3 euphemism, 2 metonymys. Nurul 2008. The Analysis of Non-Literal meaning in Jascha Richter’s Lyrics in Michael Learns to Rock’s songs. In her thesis, she analyzed non literal meaning taht exists in Jascha Richter’s Lyrics in Michael Learns to Rock’s songs. She concludes that there are 50 cases of non literal meaning found in Jascha Richer’s Lyrics in Michael Learns to Rock’s Songs and the most dominant one is hyperbole with 17 total cases and followed by 14 metaphors, 6 similes, 6 personifications, 6 euphemisms and 1 irony. 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study