25
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
This research deals with two mains problems to find out the figurative language in novel. The researcher used a descriptive research method, in which the data
are described systemically to get an accurate and factual result. Isaac and Michael 1981: 46 state “Descriptive qualitative method describes the population and the
evidence of the data systematically, factually and accurately.” The purpose of descriptive research is to describe systematically the facts and characteristics of a
given population or area of interest, factually, and accurately. One of the characteristics of descriptive research is used in the literal sense of describing situations
or events. This study used a descriptive qualitative method to study the problem because this
study has purpose to describe and analyze the types of figurative language used in John Steinbeck
‘s novel ―The Pearl. This study is carried out by formulating problem, collecting data, classifying data, and analyzing data.
3.2. Data and Data Source
The source of data is the novel entitled ―The Pearl, written by John Steinbeck
published in 1947. In that book, there are sentences using figurative language and they will be chosen to be analyzed in this study.
26
3.3 Data Collecting Method
The method used in preparing the data related to the subject of this research is documentation, because the researcher collected the data from a novel.
The data were collected by using the following steps : 1. Reading the novel entitled ―The Pearl by John Steinbeck.
2. Finding sentences that contain figurative language. 3. Grouping the figurative expressions
4. Classifying every figurative expressions
3.4 Data Analysis Method
In analyzing the data, the writer applies descriptive qualitative method. As Furchan 1992: 21 states “Metode kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang
menghasilkan data deskriftif: ucapan atau tulisan dan perilaku yang dapat diamati dari orang-orang subyek itu sendiri” qualitative method is the procedures of
research which produces the descriftive data; spoken or written and attitude which can be observed from the subject it self.
Then, Bungin’s formula will be used in counting the data to get the most domonant types of figurative expression found The Pearl by John Steinbeck. Bungin, 2005: 171-
172, the formula is:
N = fx x 100 N
27
n : the percentage of one kind figurative language fx: indivual frequency one kind of figurative expression
N : Number of all data In analyzing the data of this study, there are steps of procedures to be taken.
They are: Firstly, all figurative expressions will be found in the novel of John Steinbeck, The
Pearl. Secondly, all the figurative expressions found will be identified and classified
based on the their types. Thirdly, they will be analyzed based on semantic theory. Then, they will be
calculated to find the most dominant types of figurative expressions found in The Pearl written by John Steinbeck. The last step, some conclusions will be drawn and and some
suggestions will be put forward.
28
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
This chapter describes the result and the data analysis. The analysis of the utterances in novel are presented based on each type of the figurative language. The
data of this thesis were segmented into sentences according to their types of figurative expressions on the first step
4.1. Analysis
Kategori