Finding of Figurative Expressions in John Steinbeck’s The Pearl Conclusion Suggestion

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4.1.5 Metonymy

Metonymy is a figurative expression that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.. Excerpt 1: Now the dealer’s hand had become a personality. Page 361 From the utterance above the author uses the word ‘hand’ to substitute the help. The condition is when Kino wants to sell his magnificent pearl to the dealer soon because Coyotito is nearly in death. He needs the money to pay the doctor that is why the word ‘hand’ means help.

4.2 Finding of Figurative Expressions in John Steinbeck’s The Pearl

Table 4.1 Summary of Figurative Expressions occured in the novel Types of Figurative Expressions Frequency Percentage Personification 64 49,61 Simile 40 31,00 Metaphor 21 16,27 Synecdoche 3 2,32 Metonymy 1 0,77 Total 129 99,97 42 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

After analyzing all the data, it is conclude that: 1. There are 129 cases of figurative expressions in John Steinbeck’s The Pearl. There are 64 cases of personification, 40 cases of simile, 20 cases of metaphor, 3 cases of synecdoche and 1 case of metonymy 2. The most dominant type of figurative expressions in Steinbeck’s The Pearl is personification which represents 49,61 of whole cases, followed by simile 31,00, metaphor 16,270 metonymy 2,32 and synecdoche 0,77. Based on the result above, personification and simile are the most dominant type of figurative expressions in John Steinbeck’s The Pearl. The writer used personification to describe the story so that the reader could imagine every aspect of the story.

5.2 Suggestion

Based on research that has been done, it is known that in the novel, there are many sentences that used figurative expressions. In this study, the writer is limited it by the theory of Geoffrey Leech that is used to analyze the novel so there is only a few types of figurative expression that can be discussed in this study. Whereas there are also other types of figurative expression found in the novel such as hyperbole, symbolism, imagery and idiom which are not found in the theory that the writer use. 43 From the explanation above, the writer suggests for future researches that research about figurative expression can use different theories with the same data so that all types of figurative expressions found in the novel can be discussed totally. Researchers can also conduct research on different data with different theories so that readers know the difference of the roles of figurative language in a literary work such as a novel, to the figurative language used in advertisements, songs, etc. So the readers can understand about the figurative expressions, the types, the function and the roles in a literary work well. Furthermore the readers will no longer have difficulty to interpret the meaning of the sentences that used figurative language. 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Semantics