28 in the dialogue become the next focus of various kinds of drill and pattern-practice
exercises. According to Larsen-Freeman 2000, there are some kinds of drill that are
used in Audio Lingual Method. They are:
1. Backward build-up expansion drill
This drill is used when a long line of a dialogue is giving students trouble. The teacher breaks down the line into several parts.
2. Repetition Drill
In this drill, the students are asked to repeat the teacher‟s model as accurately and as quickly as possible.
3. Chain Drill
This drill begins by greeting particular students, and then those students turn to the student sitting next to them. This drill gives the teacher opportunity to check
each student speaks.
4. Single-slot substitution Drill
The teacher says a line, usually from the dialogue. Next, he says a word or phrase- called the cue. The students repeat the line the teacher has given to them and then
substitute the cue into the line in its proper place.
5. Multiple-slot substitution Drill
This drill is similar to the single slot substitution drill. The difference is that the teacher gives cue phrases that fit into different slots. The students should
recognize which part it is belong to and make any other changes, such as subject- verb agreement.
29
6. Transformation Drill
The teacher gives the students a certain kind of sentence patterns and the students are asked to transform this sentence into other patterns like negative or
interrogative.
7. Question and Answer Drill
The drill gives the students practice in answering questions. The students should answer the teacher‟s question very quickly pp. 38-39.
2.2.9 General Concept of Media
The word “media” is the plural form of the word “medium” that is derived from ɝatin word “medium”. Gerlach and Ely 1980:24 pointed out that a medium is
any person, material, or event that establishes conditions, which enable learners or students to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes. By the definition above the
writer can conclude that media are a means to deliver or convey message. Furthermore, teaching media are means used to convey or deliver message that
should be delivered in the teaching process. Teaching media are used to motivate students, review the material and many others.
Derek Rowntree in Rohani, 1997 explained that Educational Media have some functions:
1 motivate students to study, 2 review what students have learnt,
3 give a stimulus to study, 4
activate students‟ responses, and 5 give a feedback soon pp. 7-8.
30 To get those functions above, we should be able to choose which media
based on our need. There are five general categories of media based on Gerlach and Elly 1980. Those media are:
1. Picture
