4.2.1.5 Test of phonological awareness
These test items assess the ability to segment and blend phonemes into syllables and to recognize simple sight words in the Eastern Tamang language. This component is
the critical element of reading automaticity and fluency. Sample test items for this test component are presented in the box below.
P-e. Precursor literacy skills – Phonological awareness
[Time allocated for reading aloud and answering the questions: 3 minutes] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instructions: This is a test with several cards and a student sheet. The assessor should mark responses in a recording sheet with test items for each test taker. The
assessor says: ―You know each letter has a sound and letters can be blended to make a
word or a part of a word. For example, when [ka] is blended with ी
[i:]
showing each letter card, it becomes
ी [ki:] showing the syllable card.‖ ―Now, let‘s practice. If [na] is blended with
ी [e] showing each letter card, what sound does it become?
‖ If the respondent says [ne] correctly, the assessor says, ―Good It becomes [ne] showing the syllable card of
.‖ If the respondent does not say [ne]
correctly, the assessor says, ―It becomes [ne] showing the syllable card of .‖
―Let‘s practice another one. If [sa] is blended with ी [o]
and
[ma]
showing each letter card in order, what sound does it become?
‖ If the respondent says [som] correctly, the assessor says, ―Good job It becomes [som] showing the syllable card of
.‖ If the respondent does not answer correctly, the assessor says, ―It becomes [som] showing the syllable card of
.‖
Practic Item Answer
[ka]
ी
[i:]
ी
[ki:] [na]
ी
[e] [ne]
[sa]
ी
[o] [ma]
[som]
1. When ___ is blended with ____ and ____, what sound does it become?
Letters to be blended Answer
Correct Incorrect 1
[ga]
ी
[i:] [gi:]
2 [la]
ी
[e]
[
le] 3
[ ʨa]
ी
[a:] [
ʨa:] 4
[ra
] िी
[i]
र
[ri] 5
[b a ]
ी
[u] [
b u] 6
[da]
ी
[o] [do]
7 [ŋa]
ी
a: [i]
[ŋa:i] 8
[ ʥa]
[ga]
ी
[u] [
ʥagu] 9
[sa]
ी
[u] [na]
[sun] 10
[a:] [pha]
ी
[a ] [a:ph
a ] Discontinued: _____
Total number of correct answers: 10
When asking the question above, the assessor shows the test taker letter cards to
be blended. If the respondent answers each syllable correctly, mark as correct. If the respondent answers incorrectly or partially correctly
– either consonant or vowel, mark as incorrect. If the respondent does not answer in 5 seconds, move on to the next item.
Stop point: If the respondent gives no correct answers among the first five syllables, the assessor says, ―Thank you. Let‘s move on to the next item‖, and checks the
space for the discontinued item.
The assessor says, ―Now, let‘s practice reading simple common words. For example, this pointing to a word,
‗eye‘, on a student sheet is [mi:]. Let‘s practice. Please read this word aloud to me pointing to a word,
‗goat‘, written on the sheet.‖ If the respondents say
[ra:]
correctly, the assessor says, ―Good job This is [ra:].‖ If the
respondent does not answer correctly in 5 seconds, the assessor says, ―This is [ra:].‖ ―Let‘s practice reading another word. Please read this word aloud to me pointing
to a word, ‗languagespeech‘, written on the sheet.‖ If the respondent says the word
correctly, the assessor says, ―Good This is [ta:m].‖ ―Now, I will point to several words written on the sheet. Please read each word
aloud to me as we practice together. ‖
2. Read words.
Test item Correct Incorrect
11 ‗chicken‘
12
ि
‗firewood‘ 13
‗younger brother‘ 14
‗banana‘ 15
‗a deep, round pan‘ 16
‗salt‘ 17
‘
money‘ Discontinued: ___
Total number of correct answers: 7
The assessor marks a tick V in the appropriate column according to the
response of the test taker. If the test taker does not respond to each word after 5 seconds, mark as incorrect and move on to the next word.
Practice items:
Stop point: If the respondent gives no correct answers among the first three words, the assessor says, ―Thank you. Let‘s move on to the next item‖, and checks the
space for the discontinued item.
Total number of correct answers: 17
4.2.2 Oral numeracy for L0 - L2
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