C. Research Procedures
In CAR, two cycles have to pass by the researcher. Each cycle has four phases; planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. To get the data we have to
do this cycle, twice or more with the same phases.
Figure 3. 2 The Classroom Action Research Adapted from Kurt Lewin’s Action
Research Design
Preliminary Study
Interviewing the English teacher, giving questionnaire and pretest to the students, in the second year of SMK Kesehatan Bina Insan Bina Cendekia Karawaci
Analysis and findings
Analysis : Analyzing the result of preliminary study Finding
: Result of students‟ grammar score was still low.
1. The students have difficulty to transform the tense.
2. The students were not actively involved in grammar class.
3. The students have low knowledge about passive
Causes :
Acting
Conducting the lesson plan
Planning
1. Designing lesson plan.
2. Preparing the model of Contextual Teaching
and Learning
Observing
Observing the teaching learning condition
Reflecting
1. Analyzing the collected data
2. Determining whether or not the action is
successful
Revise the plan and continue the next
cycle Fail
Succeed
Conclusion and report
In the first meeting, the researcher gives them some of exercises about the material without explanation by the method used. Then, the researcher
conducted an interview to the teacher related the material, condition, method heshe used, and the problems during the teaching learning process, especially
for Passive Voice. After that, the researcher can start to research with the procedure of Kurt Lewins‟:
1. Planning
In this phase the researcher and the teacher collaborate to prepare the lesson plans, instruments, the Contextual Teaching and Learning, and
setting of criterias of CAR. It can be prepare when the researcher has known about the problem of the students‟ understanding about passive
voice. This phase has done after the researcher finished identifying the
student‟s problems in comprehending passive voice in present and past tense. She identified the problems into a smaller part to make easier to
manage. Then, the setting of research and the others instrument prepare. According to discussion between the teacher and the researcher, she
decided to create 4 four lesson plans that she created by herself, which is each lesson plans used in the learning activity. The research has two
cycles; each cycle consists of two meetings. The next step in planning phase is prepare the instruments that need in
teaching learning process, just like the guidelines of interview, questionnaire, pre-test, and post-test. In this phase, the researcher have to
help the students to reach the KKM, 75 score.
2. Acting
According to Arikunto, the acting phases should be implemented by two cycles continuously. These steps are the practice of the lesson plan
and apply it into the real condition.
In this phase, both the writer and the teacher collaborate to carry out the planned action. The learning and teaching process are doing based on
the lessons plan that has been arranged. The researcher observed anything that happened in the classroom during teaching learning activity.
3. Observing
From the acting phase, the researcher will get the data which have to analyzed to know the result of the research. The data showed the aspects
and the implementation during the teaching learning activity happened. The analyzing will be showed the method is used success or not.
4. Reflecting
This is the last step to finish the research. This phase is to know whether Contextual Teaching Learning successful or not in teaching
passive voice by compare the result of observation and the criteria of success. If the result of cycle one shows not satisfy about the success, so
they must be make a plan again, second cycle with the same phases; re- planning, re-acting, and re-observing. Until all the data are collected and
can be analyzed.
D. Technique of Collecting Data
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