3 Assume that the readers adopt a sceptical stance to his or her work, so the
writer must convince the readers by supporting the claims as far as possible
2. Perception
In this section, there are three essential points to be written. The first point is the Definition of Perception, which describes the meaning of perception. The
second point is the Perceptual Process, which presents how perception is formed. Factors Influencing Perception as the third point concerns itself with the factors
that influence perception.
a. Definitions of Perception
Noe 2006 in Action in Perception stresses that perception is not something that happens to a particular person, or in a particular person, but it is
something that is done p. 1. Correspondingly, it can be inferred that perception is dealing with something that is done consciously instead of what is happening
within a person. As an illustration, Noe 2006 explains Think of a blind person tap-tapping his or her way around a cluttered
space, perceiving that space by touch, not all at once, but through time, by skillful probing and movement. This is, or at least ought to be, our
paradigm of what perceiving is p. 1. In addition, according to Huryley, in Noe 2006, perception is dealing
with the input from the world to the mind, action is the output from the mind to the world, and thought is the mediating process p. 3. In other words, it can be
stated that perception is something that a person receives, captures, hears, or sees,
then it is proceeded to be in mind. Equally, action is dealing with something that a person thinks before and it is something that a person does.
As stated by Gibson 1950, as cited in Bickhard and Richie 1983, the study of perception is merely about how the mind can generate out full experience
perceptual knowledge from the inadequate data provided by the senses, with vision and the eyes always the primary focus p. 8. In short, it can be inferred that
perception is closely related to the mind, which has memory and knowledge, which are gathered from the senses, especially the eyes. Sense is a faculty by
which the body perceives an external stimulus; one of the faculties of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch “Sense”.
Ponty in Marshall 2008 in the book namely A Guide to Merleau-Ponty ’s
Phenomenology of Perception states, “Perception is ultimately a kind of
remembering. Certain stimuli are received that awaken memory and these memories are the cause of the intelligibility of perception
” p. 83. In this case, it is obvious that memory plays a significant role in dealing with perception.
In the same way, Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts 1985 states, “Perception
is the way stimuli are selected and grouped by a person so that they can be meaningfully interpreted” p. 85. Similarly, perception is the way in which
something is regarded, understood, or interpreted “Perception”. As can be seen, the experts may define the term “perception” differently; however, from those
elaborations on perception, there is one point to consider that perception is dealing with a person
’s interpretation, which is acquired through the mind and the senses.
b. Perceptual Process
In the previous section, the researcher elaborates the definition of perception. Additionally, Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy 2000 put forward,
“Perception refers to the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data into useful mental representative of the world” p. 107. Huffman, et al.
