Determiner + Head + Post-modifier The Types of Noun Phrases

39 noun wardings as the first pre-modifier then the adjective protective as the second pre-modifier. The singular noun spell serves as the head of the noun phrase structure. 23 Talking + goldfish page 55 Pres Part H Present participle talking in noun phrase 23 is the pre-modifier to modify the head of the noun phrase goldfish that is in the singular noun form. The use of present participle indicates the characteristic of the head it modifies for example in noun phrase talking goldfish , it means a goldfish which can talk. 24 Hallowed + ground page 86 Past Part H Noun phrase 24 uses past participle to modify the head. The use of past participle as a pre-modifier is often indicated by the verb + -ed construction structure. In noun phrase 24 the word hallowed is the pre-modifier to modify the noun ground which is the head of the noun phrase. 4. Determiner + Head + Post-modifier Another type of noun phrase structure found in the utterances of Jace Wayland is the ones that contain determiner followed by the head and the post- modifier. There are total number of 76 with 11 of occurrence of noun phrases found in the utterances of Jace Wayland in the novel with this type of noun phrase structure. The types of determiner used in this type of structure are those like definite article, indefinite article, possessive pronoun, quantifier, cardinal number, and demonstrative. Precede the head, they modify the noun phrase head then PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 40 followed by the post-modifier such as prepositional phrase, noun phrase and adverb phrase. The examples of this structure type are as follows. 25 The + surface + of water page 30 D art H PP Noun phrase 25 shows that the definite article the is used as the determiner before the head of the noun phrase surface . What follows the head is the post-modifier. In noun phrase 25 the post-modifier used to modify the head is prepositional phrase indicated by the use of the preposition of . 26 A + way + of hiding their tracks page 37 I art H PP This type of noun phrase shares the similar structure type to noun phrase 25. In this case, noun phrase 26 uses the indefinite article a as the determiner. The post-modifier of that is used to modify the head way is prepositional phrase with indication of the use of preposition of followed by a nonfinite clause hiding their tracks . 27 Any + other + of your kind page 10 Quant H PP The word any in noun phrase 27 is the determiner of the noun phrase that belongs to the quantifier. With the noun other as the head, it is followed by the prepositional phrase as the post-modifier with the use of preposition of then the other noun phrase your kind . 28 A + guy + who never says anything page 104 I art H F Clause This type noun phrase structure uses indefinite article a as the determiner and a finite clause as the post-modifier in order to modify the noun phrase head guy . PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 41 Noun phrase 28 uses finite clause who never says anything to give additional information about the head of the noun phrase in the form of post-modifier. 29 The + one + destroyed page 130 D art H NF Clause Noun phrase 29 almost have the similar structure as in noun phrase 28 the distinct features are the use of definite article the and the nonfinite clause destroyed in order to modify the head one . The modification by nonfinite clause can be done with the use of both present participle – ing and past participle – ed. In addition the past participle is often linked with the passive voice than the present participle with active voice Quirk and Greenbaum, 1985: 385. 30 That + scar + on your throat page 169 Demonstrative H PP Demonstrative determiners also take a part in reconstructing this type of structure of noun phrases found in the utterances of Jace Wayland. In noun phrase 30, it can be seen that demonstrative article that is used to modify the head scar followed by the prepositional phrase as the post-modifier. The prepositional phrase itself is indicated by the use of the preposition on to describe a position of something then followed by the noun phrase your throat . 31 All + four + corners + of the house page 211 All Card Num H PP Noun phrase 31 shows that it uses two kinds of determiners to modify the head of the phrase that is a plural noun corners . The word all is the first determiner in the noun phrase 31 that belongs to pre-determiner class. The second determiner is four that is a cardinal numeral which belongs to post-determiner. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 42 prepositional phrase of the house indicates the use of post-modification with the preposition of followed by the noun phrase the house . 5. Head + Post-modifier