distribution of noun phrases in their different types and function through the analysis of the character’s utterances.
B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background above, the problems of the study are formulated as follows.
1. What types of noun phrases are used in Jace Wayland’s utterances in Cassandra
Clare’s
Mortal Instruments: City of Bones
? 2.
How are noun phrases in the utterances distributed? 3.
How do the noun phrases reflect Jace Wayland’s character?
C. Objectives of the Study
According to the problem formulation, there are three objectives of the study that the writer would like to attain. First, this study is conducted in order to
identify the noun phrase found in the novel. This identification of noun phrase includes the types of noun phrase provided by the author of the novel. Therefore,
the first objective of the study facilitates the second and third problem formulation analysis.
The second objective of this study is to achieve the distribution of noun phrases found in Jace Wayland’s utterances. In order to produce a sentence, noun
phrases are needed as the part of the composition of the sentence. The noun phrases itself can be distributed according to each of their parts of speech in a sentence. This
distribution of the noun phrases in a sentence can help the writer identify the function of the noun phrases in a sentence.
Third, based on the first and second objectives, the writer would like to show the readers how the noun phrase found in the novel reflect the character in the
story and the way the words and sentences are used in literary work to define the character. The noun phrase used by the character can vary according to its structure
and occurrence in order to convey the character’s idea. Therefore, all the occurring noun phrases have the significance to reveal the character in the story.
D. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding on specific terminologies, the writer would like to explain about some terminologies that are used in the study. Based on
the number of appearances of the terminologies in the study, this section is provided with the definition of each terminology.
Givón in Keizer 2007: 25 says that “Noun is the syntactic and semantic head that determine the typ
e of entity involved.” There are several types of nouns. They are distinct from each other in some conditions. Usually the more specified
nouns fall to the further classification of subclasses. In every sentence of a language there is at least one noun which exists. Another supporting definition is stated by
Crystal 2008: 359 that defines nouns as ITEMS which display certain types of INFLECTION e.g. of CASE or
NUMBER, have a specific DITRIBUTION e.g. they may follow PREPOSITIONS but not, say, MODALS, and perform a specific
syntactic function e.g. as SUBJECT or OBJECT of a sentence. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
The writer would frequently use this term in this study, for noun is the basis of the research. The examples of a noun are the word
book
,
sky
, and
apple
. Crystal 2008: 393 states that a phrase is a grammatical term as the
element of structure. It contains more than one word typically. Unlike a clause, a phrase has no subject-predicate structure. According to Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech
and Svartvik 1974: 127, a noun phrase is “element in the sentence which typically
functions as subject, object, and complement.” Based on its structural function, a noun phrase has four elements that contribute to its forms such as determiner, pre-
modifier, head, and post-modifier Downing and Locke, 2006: 403. These elements could vary in the modification of the head, even the simplest form of noun
phrase only consists of the head without any modification. Utterance is a linguistic and phonetic term meaning a certain length of a
speech which has no linguistic theory assumptions made as for example the notion of the definition of sentence derived from a theory of grammar Crystal, 2008: 531.
The writer would like to use the utterances of the character in the form of the character’s dialog in the novel.
7
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
