Strategi Dakwah Islamiah Terhadap Masyarakat Transmigrasi Di Indonesia Kajian Di Sumatera Utara
STRATEGI DAKWAH ISLAMIAH TERHADAP MASYARAKAT
TRANSMIGRASI DI INDONESIA KAJIAN DI SUMATERA UTARA
HAJI MARJUNI RANGKUTI
TESIS YANG DIKEMUKAKAN UNTUK MEMPEROLEH IJAZAH DOKTOR
FALSAFAH
FAKULTI PENGAJIAN ISLAM
UNIVESITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
BANGI
1996
Haji Marjuni Rangkuti : Strategi Dakwah Islamiah Terhadap Masyarakat…, 1996
USU Repository © 2007
ABSTRAK
Transmigrasi atau penghijrahan penduduk dari pulau yang terlalu padat penduduknya ke pulau-pulau yang lain
di Indonesia merupakan aktiviti yang telah berlaku semenjak tahun 1905 sampai sekarang. Amalan tersebut
akan berterusan ke masa hadapan kerana ia merupakan salah satu aspek pembangunan nasional negara
Indonesia. Kajian ini bermatlamat untuk mendapati strategi dakwah yang efektif dan boleh
memecahkan masalah-masalah sosial-keagamaan masyarakat transmigrasi di Indonesia. Kajian yang
berhubungkait dengan teori-teori dan metode dakwah yang bersumber dari al-Qur'an, hadis dan
buku-buku hasil karya pakar-pakar dakwah (armchair research) dijalankan, kemudian disesuaikan dengan situasi
dan kondisi masyarakat tersebut. Kajian lapangan (field research) yang melibatkan 1000 orang respondan
dilaksanakan di beberapa unit pemukiman transmigrasi. Seterusnya di kantor-kantor transmigrasi, badanbadan dakwah, organisasi Islam yang ada di Jakarta, Sumatra Utara, Aceh dan Palangkaraya
Kalimantan. Dari kajian ini didapati bahwa kondisi dakwah Islamiah harus mendapat perhatian
yang serius, karena masyarakat transmigrasi sedang menghadapi pelbagai problem yang boleh
menjejaskan eksistensi agama mereka. Masalah kemiskinan, latarbelakang pendidikan dan situasi alam
sekitar lebih memperburuk masalah tersebut. Amalan syirik, taasub, bidaah, meninggalkan kewajiban agama
dan perbuatan yang dilarang lainnya mudah didapati di kawasan transmigrasi. Untuk mewujudkan
strategi dakwah Islamiah yang efektif sehingga dapat merobah kondisi masyarakat tersebut, harus
memperkemas komponen-komponen dakwah, seperti da’i, materi dakwah, metode, media dan
pentadbiran dakwah yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat transmigrasi. Lebih lagi harus disokong
dengan belanja dakwah yang mencukupi. Oleh itu strategi dakwah Islam di kawasan transmigrasi tidak
boleh dijalankan oleh satu institusi sahaja, tapi harus melibatkan pelbagai pihak. Jelasnya pihak
Pemerintah, badan dakwah, organisasi Islam, perguruan tinggi, orangorang kaya dan para
da’i sendiri, semestinya bens e p a d u d a n b e k e r j a s a m a d a l a m m e l i c i n k a n a k t i v i t i
dakwah. Menggalakkan dakwah bi al-hal yang terfokus pada perbaikan ekonomi,
pendidikan, kesihatan, sarana transportasi dan fasiliti lainnya amat penlu dipertingkatkan di semping
dakwah bi al-lisan. Dengan kedua-dua aktiviti dakwah ini, matlamat dakwah boleh dicapai dengan
cemerlang.
Haji Marjuni Rangkuti : Strategi Dakwah Islamiah Terhadap Masyarakat…, 1996
USU Repository © 2007
ABSTRACT
Transmigration, which is in Indonesian context the transfer of people from a densely populated area to other (less
populated) islands of Indonesia, has been going on since 1905. This practice will continue on as this
has been one aspect of the national developmental policy in Indonesia. This study intends to find out
effective strategies for spreading (dakwah) Islam in, the transmigration areas or new settlements and
solving socioreligious problems of the new-settler communities. Firstly, studies relating to theories and
methods which are based on the Koran, hadiths and works of preachers (armchair research) were conducted,
then the studies were modified and applied to the situations and conditions as found in the new
settlements. The field research involved 1000 respondents in various units of the new-settler
communities. This study also employed respondents in various related institutions such as the offices of
transmigration agents, preacher institutions, and other Islamic organizations in Jakarta, the provinces of
North Sumatra and Aceh, and the city of Palangkaraya in Kalimantan. The findings of the study indicate that
serious attentions should be given to the preaching of Islam in the new settlements due to the fact that
the communities are facing serious problems which may affect the existence of their religion (Islam).
Poverty, ignorance and bad environments worsen their beliefs of Islam. Profanity, taasub, bidaah (doing useless
activities according to Islamic teachings), apostasy and other religiously-forbidden activities are common
practices in the transmigration areas. In order to derive effective and suitable strategies to solve
the religiously bad conditions in the new settlements, restructuring need to be done in the aspects of preaching,
preacher, method, media of preaching and management. In addition the strategy should be supported by
sufficient fund. This means that preaching of Islam in the new settlements should involve more than one
institution. The government agencies, preacher organizations, Islamic organizations, universities, good curators
and the preachers themselves should cooperate to carry out the preaching. The bi al-hal preaching (
dakwah by examples), which takes focus on developments in economy, education, health, transportation
and other infrastructure facilities, should be intensified in line with the bi al-lisan preaching. Only by these two
types (bi al-hal and bi al-lisan) of preaching can success in the preaching of Islam be gained.
Haji Marjuni Rangkuti : Strategi Dakwah Islamiah Terhadap Masyarakat…, 1996
USU Repository © 2007
TRANSMIGRASI DI INDONESIA KAJIAN DI SUMATERA UTARA
HAJI MARJUNI RANGKUTI
TESIS YANG DIKEMUKAKAN UNTUK MEMPEROLEH IJAZAH DOKTOR
FALSAFAH
FAKULTI PENGAJIAN ISLAM
UNIVESITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
BANGI
1996
Haji Marjuni Rangkuti : Strategi Dakwah Islamiah Terhadap Masyarakat…, 1996
USU Repository © 2007
ABSTRAK
Transmigrasi atau penghijrahan penduduk dari pulau yang terlalu padat penduduknya ke pulau-pulau yang lain
di Indonesia merupakan aktiviti yang telah berlaku semenjak tahun 1905 sampai sekarang. Amalan tersebut
akan berterusan ke masa hadapan kerana ia merupakan salah satu aspek pembangunan nasional negara
Indonesia. Kajian ini bermatlamat untuk mendapati strategi dakwah yang efektif dan boleh
memecahkan masalah-masalah sosial-keagamaan masyarakat transmigrasi di Indonesia. Kajian yang
berhubungkait dengan teori-teori dan metode dakwah yang bersumber dari al-Qur'an, hadis dan
buku-buku hasil karya pakar-pakar dakwah (armchair research) dijalankan, kemudian disesuaikan dengan situasi
dan kondisi masyarakat tersebut. Kajian lapangan (field research) yang melibatkan 1000 orang respondan
dilaksanakan di beberapa unit pemukiman transmigrasi. Seterusnya di kantor-kantor transmigrasi, badanbadan dakwah, organisasi Islam yang ada di Jakarta, Sumatra Utara, Aceh dan Palangkaraya
Kalimantan. Dari kajian ini didapati bahwa kondisi dakwah Islamiah harus mendapat perhatian
yang serius, karena masyarakat transmigrasi sedang menghadapi pelbagai problem yang boleh
menjejaskan eksistensi agama mereka. Masalah kemiskinan, latarbelakang pendidikan dan situasi alam
sekitar lebih memperburuk masalah tersebut. Amalan syirik, taasub, bidaah, meninggalkan kewajiban agama
dan perbuatan yang dilarang lainnya mudah didapati di kawasan transmigrasi. Untuk mewujudkan
strategi dakwah Islamiah yang efektif sehingga dapat merobah kondisi masyarakat tersebut, harus
memperkemas komponen-komponen dakwah, seperti da’i, materi dakwah, metode, media dan
pentadbiran dakwah yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat transmigrasi. Lebih lagi harus disokong
dengan belanja dakwah yang mencukupi. Oleh itu strategi dakwah Islam di kawasan transmigrasi tidak
boleh dijalankan oleh satu institusi sahaja, tapi harus melibatkan pelbagai pihak. Jelasnya pihak
Pemerintah, badan dakwah, organisasi Islam, perguruan tinggi, orangorang kaya dan para
da’i sendiri, semestinya bens e p a d u d a n b e k e r j a s a m a d a l a m m e l i c i n k a n a k t i v i t i
dakwah. Menggalakkan dakwah bi al-hal yang terfokus pada perbaikan ekonomi,
pendidikan, kesihatan, sarana transportasi dan fasiliti lainnya amat penlu dipertingkatkan di semping
dakwah bi al-lisan. Dengan kedua-dua aktiviti dakwah ini, matlamat dakwah boleh dicapai dengan
cemerlang.
Haji Marjuni Rangkuti : Strategi Dakwah Islamiah Terhadap Masyarakat…, 1996
USU Repository © 2007
ABSTRACT
Transmigration, which is in Indonesian context the transfer of people from a densely populated area to other (less
populated) islands of Indonesia, has been going on since 1905. This practice will continue on as this
has been one aspect of the national developmental policy in Indonesia. This study intends to find out
effective strategies for spreading (dakwah) Islam in, the transmigration areas or new settlements and
solving socioreligious problems of the new-settler communities. Firstly, studies relating to theories and
methods which are based on the Koran, hadiths and works of preachers (armchair research) were conducted,
then the studies were modified and applied to the situations and conditions as found in the new
settlements. The field research involved 1000 respondents in various units of the new-settler
communities. This study also employed respondents in various related institutions such as the offices of
transmigration agents, preacher institutions, and other Islamic organizations in Jakarta, the provinces of
North Sumatra and Aceh, and the city of Palangkaraya in Kalimantan. The findings of the study indicate that
serious attentions should be given to the preaching of Islam in the new settlements due to the fact that
the communities are facing serious problems which may affect the existence of their religion (Islam).
Poverty, ignorance and bad environments worsen their beliefs of Islam. Profanity, taasub, bidaah (doing useless
activities according to Islamic teachings), apostasy and other religiously-forbidden activities are common
practices in the transmigration areas. In order to derive effective and suitable strategies to solve
the religiously bad conditions in the new settlements, restructuring need to be done in the aspects of preaching,
preacher, method, media of preaching and management. In addition the strategy should be supported by
sufficient fund. This means that preaching of Islam in the new settlements should involve more than one
institution. The government agencies, preacher organizations, Islamic organizations, universities, good curators
and the preachers themselves should cooperate to carry out the preaching. The bi al-hal preaching (
dakwah by examples), which takes focus on developments in economy, education, health, transportation
and other infrastructure facilities, should be intensified in line with the bi al-lisan preaching. Only by these two
types (bi al-hal and bi al-lisan) of preaching can success in the preaching of Islam be gained.
Haji Marjuni Rangkuti : Strategi Dakwah Islamiah Terhadap Masyarakat…, 1996
USU Repository © 2007