The research design is presented as follows:
Which : G1
: Group one experimental class G2
: Group two control class T1
: Pre-test T2
: Post-test X
: Treatments by audio visual media O
: Treatments by viaual media
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B. The Variable of the Research
According to Nunan, a great deal of research is carried out in order to explore the strength of relationships between variables. A variable is a construct or a
characteristic that can take on different values or scores. Researchers study variables and the relationships that exist among variables.
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It means that variable is a variation object of the study. It is the object of research or something that becomes the concern
of research. There were two variables in this research; dependent and independent variables. The
variables in this research were:
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Ibid,
p. 316
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Ibid,
p. 37
G1 random T1 X T2 G2 random T1 O T2
1. Independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or controlled by the
researcher.
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Independent variable in this research was the influence of using audio visual media X.
2. Dependent variable is a measure of the effect if any of the independent variable.
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Dependent variable in this research was the students ’ achie e e t i to ards
stude ts’ pro u ciatio ability Y.
C. Operational Definition of Variables
1. Audio visual media is media as a great help in stimulating and facilitating the
learning of a foreign language which providing material that is understood by the students through sight and hearing.
2. Pronunciation ability is
skill
recognition or understanding that allows people to understand about the flow of speech and production of fluency in spoken language
and to achieve comfortable intelligibility to speak which relies pronunciation rules to get successful communication.
D. The Population, Sample and Sampling Technique
1. The Population
Population is all individuals of interest to the researcher.
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The population of this study was the eighth grade students of SMPN 01 Rebang Tangkas in the academic
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Geoffrey Marczyk, et al.
Essentials of Research Design and Methodology
