b. The writer recorded this test by using recorder. The scoring process from test value, the writer recorded the students
‟ test and evaluated
them on the sound of dental fricative [θ, ð] sound.
F. The Instrument of the Research
Arikunto states that research instrument is a device used by the writer during the data collection.
103
The instrument in this research was test. The researcher used oral test form and it was reading some words test. The test was used for pretest and posttest.
Pretest was given to check the students‟ mastery in pronouncing dental fricative [θ, ð]
sound before treament. Posttest was used to gain of the students‟ mastery in
pronouncing dental fricative [θ, ð] sound after the treatment. The raters were the
English teacher and researcher. The test was in the form of spoken form by asking the students to read aloud.
According to Kelly, reading aloud can clearly affect pronunciation performance adversely.
104
However, Kelly states that the text that will be read by the students should be chosen by the teacher carefully, long enough to make „public‟ reading of it
wothwhile and gives enough opportunity for rehearsal, focusing on the relevant pronunciation features, like focusing on the
103
Arikunto, Suharsimi,
Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik,
Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2010, p. 193
104
Gerald Kelly,
Op. Cit.,
p. 22
pronunciation of dental sounds Ɵ and ð tested in this research.
105
The students were
asked to pay attention to „th‟ spelling whose sounds were Ɵ or ð. Kelly states more that pronunciation and spelling are very interconnected, and that habits and
generalisations from mother tongue may be brought over into target language, and working with spelling and pronunciation together helps students‟ independent study
outside the classroom.
106
After giving the test, the recorded data were scored. The scoring was done to measure the students‟ individual sounds of Ɵ and ð with spelling „th‟.
1. Pre-test Instrument Appendix 4
For the pre-test instrument, the students were asked to read a text entittled „Thatchs Goals‟ and the researcher recorded it. The text was marked at the
words that we re pronounced with dental sounds Ɵ and ð. Then, the same
words were taken only once to be scored, so there were 20 words as the masked indtrument to be tested.
2. Post-test Instrument Appendix 5
For the post-instrument, the students were asked to read a text entittled „Teething ɒaby‟ and the researcher recorded it. The text was marked at the
words that we re pronounced with dental sounds Ɵ and ð. Then, the same
words were taken only once to be scored, so there were 20 words as the masked instrument to be tested.
105
Ibid,
p. 81
106
Ibid.,
p. 131
