Diarrheal Disease Current Condition and Projection

34 Figure 13 Map of Diarrheal Risk in 2030 8.2 Issues in the Health Sector The risk analysis in the Roadmap for adaptation in the health sector has identified several potential risks associated with climate change in the future. Those risks are: ƒ Diseases or deaths caused by disasters related to extreme climate events and diseases that might be outbreak in the refugee sites ƒ The increase of respiratory diseases as a result of increasing air pollution, in particular ozone and NO 2 , which are associated with the rise of surface temperature ƒ The increase of agents of water-borne diseases or contagious diseases, which normally take place during droughts or floods ƒ Malnutrition during famine due to failed harvests ƒ Changing pattern of diseases brought by vectors such as mosquito due to land use conversion and climate change. Moreover, temperature rise of 2-3 degree Celsius is projected to increase the number vector-borne diseases by 3-5 and also to increase the distribution of the vectors ƒ Precipitation level also contribute to the type and intensity of vectors’ habitat 35

8.3 Activities of Health Sector

A number of recommended activities for climate change adaptation in health sector are the results of focus group discussions with the stakeholders. Beside a number of activities that will be conducted at the national level, the focus of these activities are in provinces where the occurrence of the diseases is highest, especially the regions of Papua and Nusa Tenggara that are prone to Malaria, Dengue, and Diarrhea. Focus will also put on some areas in Java and Southern Sumatra that are prone to Dengue Fever, and some areas in Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Eastern Sumatra that are prone to Diarrhea. In particular, development of health-related adaptation to climate change should focus on: • Improving access, equality, affordability and quality of health services especially for the poor, through services for poor people in the class III Hospitals, public health center PUSKESMAS and increase infrastructure facilities and basic health services in part financed through the Special Allocation Fund ; • Increasing the availability of medical and paramedical staff, especially for basic health services in remote areas • Prevention and eradication of infectious disease, through proper infectious disease treatment, increased surveillance, discovery and proper case treatment methodology; • Preparation and implementation of surveillance, handling of patientspeople with bird flu, bird flu drug provision, facilities and infrastructure, handling cases in the hospital; • Treatment for malnutrition in pregnant women, infants and children aged below five years old, through community education for nutrition awareness, increased nutrition surveillance 36 Table 10 Activities of Long-Term Development Plan in Health Sector Category