Activities of Agriculture Sector

29 Table 8 Activities of Long-Term Development Plan in Agriculture Sector Category Activities 2010-2014 2015-2019 2020-2024 2025-2029 D a ta, Inf o rm atio n an d Kn owledg e M a n a gem ent Crafting and preparation of crop variety tolerant against drought, flood, salinity, and pest, short- lived and high productivity 20 packages 20 packages 20 packages 20 packages Development of adaptive technology innovasion, including superior variety, cultivation technic, and land and water management Productivity of crop outside Java especially Sumatera, Sulawesi can be equal with Java and Bali Productivity of crop outside Java especially Sumatera, Sulawesi can be equal with Java and Bali Productivity of crop outside Java especially Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara can be equal with Java and Bali Impact analysis of climate anomaly to planting season shifting Planting calendar update in Java and Bali Planting calendar update in Sumatera and Sulawesi Planting calendar update in Kalimantan and Nusa Tenggara P lanning and Pol icy, Regulati on and Instituti o nal Deve lo pment Coordination with authorities, vertically and horizontally, including socialization on climate information 30 Provinces 33 Provinces 33 Provinces 33 Provinces Development of clean water safeguarding, handling, and storage system during post-harvest activities and production 25 Regencies 25 Regencies 25 Regencies Building and development of cold chain system CCS and warehousing during post-harvest activities and food storing 25 Regencies 25 Regencies 25 Regencies Field development of integrated crop management on rice SL-PTT padi 13 – 14 million ha of planting area 17-18 million ha of planting area 20-21 million ha of planting area 23-24 million ha of planting area Field development of integrated crop management on secondary crops maize, soybean, peanut SL- PTT Palawija 10 – 11 million ha of planting area 15-16 million ha of planting area 18-19 million ha of planting area 22-23 million ha of planting area Development of food crop varieties tolerant to drought, inundation, and or pest 6-6.5 million ha of planting area 6.5-7 million ha of planting area 6.5 – 7 million ha of planting area 6.5 – 7 million ha of planting area Extent estate crops on mineral soil, non-peat and non-forest land 1-1.3 million ha 0.3-0.4 million ha 0.2 – 0.3 million ha 0.5-0.6 million ha 30 Category Activities 2010-2014 2015-2019 2020-2024 2025-2029 Im p lem en ta ti o n a n d Control with Mo nitorin g an d Eval uation Reduction of harvest-failure areas 3 of planting area 3 of planting area 3 of planting area 3 of planting area Implementation of climate change adaptation and management of food scarcity through development of food independent village program 125 RegenciesCities - - - Acceleration of food consumption diversity and fresh food security - 16 Provinces 17 Provinces - Increase of storage and handling on food scarce regions - 160 Regencies 160 Regencies 130 Regencies Note: Thicker shade represents stronger weight 31 8 ADAPTATION IN HEALTH SECTOR

8.1 Current Condition and Projection

Being one of the most populated countries in the world, Indonesia is still facing serious public health problems. These health problems are becoming more complex due to climate change impacts that affect human health either directly andor indirectly. The direct effect of climate change is its influence to human health by exposure to changes in weather patterns, while changes in environment due to climate change may increase the prevalence of certain illnesses. Potential impacts of climate change on the health sector include: • Morbidity and mortality due to climate-related disasters. Climate change is projected to cause an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events that will trigger more water- related disasters such as floods, landslides, and destructive storms. • Malnutrition can occur in certain regions because of reduced food production under changing climate, and the disruption of food supplies and failure of crop harvest due to extreme weather. • Deaths and morbidity due to illness. Climate change-related diseases triggered by a change in temperature, air pollution, water congenital diseases, food, and congenital disease vectors and rodents. Vulnerability assessment and risk analysis of health sector against projected climate change in Indonesia have been carried out but, due to limited data availability, only those related to infectious disease are presented below.

8.1.1 Vector-borne infectious disease: Malaria and Dengue fever

Malaria and Dengue Fever is probably the most well-known climate related diseases that currently have a high incidence rate IR in Indonesia. The first appearance of dengue fever in Indonesia was reported in 1968, with an IR of 0.05100,000 population and mortality of 14.3. Since then, Dengue Fever has spread widely all over Indonesia see table below. 32 Table 9 Lists of Dengue Fever events in Indonesia Year No. of Incidence Incidence Rate IR DeathsCase Fatality Rate CFR Remarks 1968 - 0.05100,000 -14.3 First occurence 1998 73,133 - 14112 Extreme event 2004 28,077 - 1.36 334 districtscities 2007 156,767 71,18100,000 15701.00 357 districtscities 2008 98,869 43,62100,000 346 districtscities During the last decade, malaria in Indonesia has been reoccurring, and around 35 of Indonesia’s population is living in an endemic area. Cases of malaria in Java and Bali, which is stated in the annual parasite incidence API during the period of 1995-2000 has increased drastically from 0.07 1995 to 81 2000. During 2002 and 2003 API has be decreased to consecutively 0.47 and 0.32. Malaria cases outside Java and Bali which are stated in annual malaria incidence AMI during 1995-2003 period fluctuates sharply from time to time starting from 20 1995 to 22.7 2003. Projections of future risks of dengue fever and malaria because of climate change are illustrated in the following maps. Figure 11 Map of Dengue Fever Risks in 2030