Semantic Change Indicated by Tone
2.2.3 Change Caused for Grammatical Reasons
Pike indicates two different kinds of changes that are related to grammar rather than environment. The first of these involves a semantic change in tense or person. The second is a change produced by the phrasal position of the lexeme in question.2.2.3.1 Semantic Change Indicated by Tone
Pike does not give many examples of the type of grammatical tone which indicates semantic differences solely through changes in tone. The two categories that she mentions that can be modified by a change in tone are person and tense. Both the subject and object can be indicated on a verb in Soyaltepec Mazatec, as the example in 19 demonstrates. By changing the tones on the verb and its enclitics, both the subject and object are altered. 19 Person indicated through tone Pike 1956:58 a. ts︢hwa˧-na˥ ‘He gives me’ b. ts︢hwa˧˩-na˧˦ ‘I give him’ The non-tonal segments in 19a-b are exactly the same. 19a has a level Mid tone on the root of the verb followed by a High tone on the enclitic. This is contrasted in 19b with a Mid to Low ˧˩ falling tone on the root of the verb followed by a Mid to Mid-high ˧˦ rising tone on the enclitic. Both words indicate a transaction between first and third person, but the choice of tone indicates the directionality of the transaction. The other example that Pike gives in which tone is used to indicate a grammatical distinction is evident in the difference between the present and the future tense 20. 63 20 Tense change indicated by tone Pike 1956:58 Present Future a. t ʃ︢i˧ni˧˩ t ʃ︢i˩ni˩ ‘you eat’ ‘you will eat’ b. t ʃ︢ʔa˦na˩tʃ︢ei˩ t ʃ︢ʔa˩na˩tʃ︢ei˩ ‘you deceive’ ‘you will deceive’ In 20a and b the present tense of each verb contains tones that are lexically determined, in other words, no specific tonal pattern appears on the verb to indicate present tense. The first example, 20a, has a Mid tone on the first syllable followed by a falling tone on the second while the second example, 20b, has a Mid- high tone on the first syllable followed by two syllables with Low tones. In the future tense of each verb, all of the tones are Low. In this case, the Low tones on the first syllable of the verbs indicate that the tense of the verb is future. These grammatical usages of tone are not pursued in depth by Pike. The limited number of examples clearly indicates that this is not the focus of her paper. She discusses tone changes produced by the phrasal position of the lexeme only slightly more than these semantically rich instances of grammatical tone.2.2.3.2 Change Caused by Phrasal Position
Parts
» eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Overview eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Background and Sociolinguistic Situation
» Motivation eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Autosegmental Phonology Tone Theory
» Tonal Geometry Tonal Hierarchy
» Four Tone Levels Register Tier Theory
» RTT Representations Register Tier Theory
» Spreading Register Tier Theory
» OCP Effects Register Tier Theory
» Summary Register Tier Theory
» Methodology Tonal Typology eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Dissertation Overview Overview eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Regressive Perturbation Change Caused by Single Tones
» Progressive Perturbation Change Caused by Single Tones
» Contour Tone Split with Endpoint Shift
» Sandhi Surrounding the Mid-high to High Contour
» Nonperturbable Sequences Change Caused by Contour Tones
» Sandhi and Enclitics Change Caused by Contour Tones
» Semantic Change Indicated by Tone
» Change Caused by Phrasal Position
» Change Caused by Zero Syllable with Positive Tone
» Contour Final M Goldsmith 1990
» Contour Split and Shift Reanalyzed
» Dual Nature of Soyaltepec Mazatec Tones
» Pizer’s Resolution Pizer 1994
» Summary and Discussion Overview
» Vowel Phonemes Simple Vowels
» Pronunciation and Variation Simple Vowels
» Nasal Occurrence Restrictions Simple Vowels
» Consonant Phonemes Simple Consonants and Distributional Issues
» Allophones Simple Consonants and Distributional Issues
» Simple Consonants with Oral Vowels
» Simple Consonants with Nasal Vowels
» Simple Nasal Consonants Simple Consonants and Distributional Issues
» Summary Simple Consonants and Distributional Issues
» Maximal and Minimal Syllable
» Oral Diphthongs Vowel Clusters
» Nasal Diphthongs Vowel Clusters
» S-Stop and Stop-Stop Clusters
» Obstruents with Clusters Containing Glottal Stops or Glottalized Consonants
» Sonorants with Clusters Containing Glottal Stops or Glottalized Consonants
» Obstruents with h Clusters Containing Glottal Fricatives or Aspirated Consonants
» Sonorants with h Clusters Containing Glottal Fricatives or Aspirated Consonants
» Clusters Beginning with Nasals or Pre-nasalized Consonants
» Two Syllable Words Larger Prosodic Units
» Three Syllable Words Larger Prosodic Units
» Stress ʃu˩ta˩ ni˥khĩɛ̃˥ tjiu˩ʃĩ˧ts︢ʔua˥-ɲa˦ tjiu˩ʃĩ˧ts︢ʔua˥ ‘our lips’
» Summary Overview eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Phonetic Realization of Tonemes High tone – H
» Mid-high to High Rising Tone Contour
» Mid to Mid-high Rising Tone Contour
» Mid to High Rising Tone Contour
» Low to Mid Rising Tone Contour
» Low to Mid-high Rising Tone Contour
» Mid-High to Low Falling Tone Contour
» Mid to Low Falling Tone Contour
» Mobility Soyaltepec Mazatec in Autosegmental Phonology
» Stability Soyaltepec Mazatec in Autosegmental Phonology
» One-to-Many Soyaltepec Mazatec in Autosegmental Phonology
» Many-to-One Soyaltepec Mazatec in Autosegmental Phonology
» Tonal Morphemes Soyaltepec Mazatec in Autosegmental Phonology
» Juxtaposition of the M Juxtaposition of the M
» Juxtaposition of the Floating M
» Discussion eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Overview Summary eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
» Tonal Processes of Soyaltepec Mazatec and the UAC
» Tonal Typology eBook 53 Beal Soyaltepec Mazatec
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