CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter focuses on methodology of the present research. It consists of five sections. The first section discusses the method used by the researcher that
also explains the nature of the method and explores the reasons why the researcher chooses that method. Section 2 mentions the data source. Section 3 shows where
the research is carried out. Section 4 illustrates the data collection procedures. The last section of this chapter exposes how the data are analyzed.
A. Research Method
In order to conduct a research, the researcher has to use an appropriate method relevant to the type of the research which is inferred by the research topic
and objective. The term “methodology”, according to Silverman in his book Interpreting Qualitative Data is a general approach to studying a research topic.
Creswell defines methodology as a strategy or plan of action that links methods to outcome. The word “method” itself is defined as specific research technique.
Kartono states that method of the research is the ways of thinking and doing that has been well prepared to conduct research and to get the research aim 1990:20.
In accordance with the explanation above, it can be concluded that research
methodology is arranged to make the research runs smoothly by using systematic regular and procedure.
There are many valid reasons for doing qualitative research. This research is basically aimed to uncover and understand what lies behind the specific
translation phenomena in novels Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and its translation into Indonesian language. It is also aimed to give the intricate details of
phenomena that are difficult to convey with quantitative method. Since the topic of this present research is the translation of culturally-bound words, the specific
objectives of this research are: 1.
to find out how cultural words are translated into Indonesian by paying attention on the perspective of semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, and
sociolinguistics, and 2.
to know the adjustments needed by translator in delivering the translation into Indonesian language as the target language.
In accordance with the explanation above, the researcher decides to use qualitative method. The later explorations in this chapter discuss how to collect
the qualitative data, and how to apply that method. First, it is important to discuss the nature of qualitative methods; it is important to know what qualitative data
look like. According to Strauss and Corbin 22, qualitative data consist of detailed
descriptions of situations, events, people, interactions, and observed behaviors; direct quotations from people about their experiences, attitudes, beliefs, and
thoughts; and and excerpts or entire passages from documents, correspondence,
records, and case histories. Fraenkel and Wallen states in their book How to Design Evaluate Research in Education that qualitative research is the research
studies that investigate the quality of relationships, activities, situations, or materials. The epistemology of qualitative research actually provides the
underpinnings for how qualitative research is conducted-how data are collected and analyzed and how conclusions are reached.
Strauss and Corbin mention that there are three major components of qualitative research. Firstly, there are the data. The second component of
qualitative research consists of the different analyses or interpretation procedures that are used to arrive at findings or theories. Written and verbal reports make up
the third component of qualitative research. Those components result in the research design.
One of factors indicating the success of a work including research is the design. Bogdan states that design is used in a research to refer to the researcher’s
plan of how to proceed. Nevertheless, before determining the research design, a researcher should know the types of qualitative research which have their own
designs. Some of the different types of qualitative research are grounded theory, ethnography, the phenomenological approach, life histories, descriptive, and
conversational analysis. This research is a descriptive qualitative research which can be proven by the research’s objective that the research is aimed to give the
intricate details of phenomena that are difficult to convey with quantitative method. According to Selinger and Shohamy 1984: p. 124 descriptive research
involves a collection of techniques used to specify, delineate or describe naturally occurring phenomenon without experimental manipulation.
This descriptive qualitative research is conducted in the following design. Firstly, the researcher determines the research problems and determines the
appropriate theories. Problems are classified and discussed objectively. Afterwards, these problems are analyzed based on theories stated in chapter II.
The analysis of the source and the translated text includes resolving ambiguity, identifying implicit information, and so on. The analysis describes whether the
culturally-bound word does not create ambiguity, is understandable enough, is appropriate with norms in the target language and does not deviate from rules
prevailed. Afterward, the researcher prepares the initial draft. Before any extensive drafting can be done, the key terms must be determined. Every text has
a set of words that are crucial to the content and correct communication of the theme. It may be necessary to work the initial draft several times -- that no
information is wrong or omitted, that the text communicates clearly in the receptor language, and that the form chosen will communicate to the readers. The next step
is evaluation of research findings. Its purpose is threefold: accuracy, clearness and naturalness.
B. Source of Data
