ENG skin of person scar boil infection blood
vein blood bone MAL kulit
bekas luka bisul darah
urat darah tulang
BDG kuit bantal
busul raah
uart tulakng
UR kuit
bantal busul
ɾaaʔ uaɾt tulaŋ
LD [ˈkʷu.ɪt̚]
[ˈban.tal] [ˈbʷu.sʊl] [ˈɾaaʔ] [ˈu.aɾt̚]
[ˈtu.ləᵏŋ] PD
[ˈkʷu.ɪt̚] [ˈban.tal] [ˈbʷu.sʊl]
[ˈɾaaʔ] [ˈu.aɾt̚] [ˈtu.ləᵏŋ]
PH [ˈkʷu.ɪt̚]
[ˈban.tal] [ˈbʷu.sʊl] [ˈɾaaʔ] [ˈu.aɾt̚]
[ˈtu.ləᵏŋ] BL
[ˈkʷu.ɪt̚] [ˈban.tal] [ˈbʷu.sʊl]
[ˈɾaaʔ] [ˈu.aɾt̚] [ˈtu.ləᵏŋ]
ENG brain throat esophagus lungs
heart rib
liver intestines
MAL otak tekak, korongkong paru-paru jantung
tulang rusuk hati e.g., hati babi
tali perut BDG utak
tigoru opos
pusuh rusuk
ati tinei
UR utak
tiɡoɾu opos
pusuʔ ɾusuk ati
tinei LD
[ˈu.tək̚] [tʲɪ.ˈɡʷo.ɾu] [ˈɔ.ɸʷɔs] [ˈɸu.suʔ] [ˈɾu.sʊk̚]
[ˈa.tʲi] [tʲɪ.ˈnʲẽĩ]
PD [ˈu.tək̚] [tʲɪ.ˈhʷu.ɾu]
[ˈɔ.ɸʷɔs] [ˈɸu.suʔ] [ˈɾu.sʊk̚] [ˈa.tʲi]
[tʲɪ.ˈnʲẽĩ] PH
[ˈu.tək̚] [tʲɪ.ˈɡʷo.ɾu] [ˈɔ.ɸʷɔs] [ˈɸu.suʔ] [ˈɾu.sʊk̚]
[ˈa.tʲi] [tʲɪ.ˈnʲẽĩ]
BL [ˈu.tək̚] [tʲɪ.ˈɡʷo.ɾu]
[tʲɪ.ˈhʷu.ɾu] [ˈə.ɸas]
[ˈɸu.suʔ] [ˈɾu.sʊk̚] [ˈa.tʲi]
[tʲɪ.ˈnʲẽĩ]
3.5 Body functions
ENG cough to swallow
to vomit to defecate
excrement urine
sweat MAL batuk
telan muntah
berak tahi
kencing peluh BDG ihad
noidn sumuha
temoi tetoi
sidu umus
UR ikad
ŋ- + tolon
11
-m-
1
suka -m-
1
toi CV- toi sidu umus
LD [ˈi.həd̚] [nõiᵈn]
[sʊ.ˈmʷu.hə] [tə.ˈmʷõĩ] [tə.ˈtoi]
[ˈsʲi.du] [ˈu.mʷʊs] PD
[ˈi.həd̚] [nõiᵈn] [sʊ.ˈmʷu.hə] [tə.ˈmʷõĩ]
[tə.ˈtoi] [ˈsʲi.du] [ˈu.mʷʊs]
PH [ˈi.həd̚] [nẽiᵈn]
[sʊ.ˈmʷu.hə] [tə.ˈmʷõĩ] [tə.ˈtoi]
[ˈsʲi.du] [ˈu.mʷʊs] BL
[ˈi.həd̚] [nõiᵈn] [sʊ.ˈmʷu.hə] [tə.ˈmʷõĩ]
[tə.ˈtoi] [ˈsʲi.du] [ˈu.mʷʊs]
3.6 Sense, perception
ENG to see blind
to hear
12
deaf to smell
thirsty MAL nampak
buta dengar
tuli cium seperti bunga haus
BDG kiid kiliid
bulag kedoor
kedongor bongol
ngadak tuug tiguru
UR k- iid
k- liid bulaɡ
buta k-
dooɾ k-
doŋoɾ boŋol
ŋ- adak tuuɡ tiɡuɾu
LD [
ˈkʲiid̚] [
kʲɪ.ˈlʲiid̚] [ˈbʷu.ləɡ̚]
[ˈbʷu.tə] [kə.ˈdɔɔɾ]
[kə.ˈdɔ.ŋɔɾ] [ˈbʷɔ.ŋʷɔ̃l] [ˈŋã.dək̚]
[ˈtuuɡ tʲɪ.ˈɡʷu.ɾu]
11
Besides coalescence of ŋ- with the initial consonant of the root, l undergoes metathesis and then is vocalized as
[i]. See Boutin 2010 for a description of these morphophonemic processes.
12
The choice between [k ə.ˈdɔɔɾ] ‘hear’ and [kə.ˈdɔŋɔɾ] ‘hear’ is individual, not dialectal.
PD [
ˈkʲiid̚] [
kʲɪ.ˈlʲiid̚] [ˈbʷu.ləɡ̚]
[ˈbʷu.tə] [kə.ˈdɔ.ŋɔɾ] [ˈbʷɔ.ŋʷɔ̃l] [ˈŋã.dək̚]
[ˈtuuɡ tʲɪ.ˈhʷu.ɾu] PH
[ ˈkʲiid̚]
[ kʲɪ.ˈlʲiid̚]
[ˈbʷu.ləɡ̚] [
ˈbʷu.tə] [kə.ˈdɔɔɾ]
[ˈbʷɔ.ŋʷɔ̃l] [ˈŋã.dək̚] [ˈtuuɡ tʲɪ.ˈɡʷu.ɾu]
BL [
ˈkʲiid̚] [
kʲɪ.ˈlʲiid̚] [ˈbʷu.ləɡ̚] [kə.ˈdɔɔɾ]
[ˈbʷɔ.ŋʷɔ̃l] [ˈŋã.ɾək̚] [ˈtuuɡ tʲɪ.ˈhʷu.ɾu]
3.7 Health, life
ENG pain itchy
medicine dead to bury the dead grave
to kill MAL sakit
gatal ubat
mati menguburkan
kubur bunuh
BDG sahit katal
uru mati
ngelobokng lobokng
mmati UR
sakit katal
uɾu mati
ŋ- loboŋ loboŋ m-
2
mati
13
LD [ˈsa.hit̚] [ˈka.tal] [ˈu.ɾu]
[ˈmã.tʲi] [ŋə̃.ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [m̩.ˈmã.tʲi]
PD [ˈsa.hit̚] [ˈka.tal] [ˈu.ɾu]
[ˈmã.tʲi] [ŋə̃.ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [m̩.ˈmã.tʲi]
PH [ˈsa.hit̚] [ˈka.tal] [ˈu.ɾu]
[ˈmã.tʲi] [ŋə̃.ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [m̩.ˈmã.tʲi]
BL [ˈsa.hit̚] [ˈka.tal] [ˈu.ɾu]
[ˈmã.tʲi] [ŋə̃.ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [ˈlɔ.βɔᵏŋ] [m̩.ˈmã.tʲi]
3.8 Language, thought, emotion
