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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Language is one of important things in the world. If there is no language, there will be no communication from one people to another. Without
communication, we do not know what happens around our environment. Communication is also one way to us to deliver or express our ideas and
feelings. Speech act is the smallest unit of language communication. According to
Searle in Wijana, 2009: 20, speech act in Pragmatics can be classified into three kinds. They are locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary
acts. Meanwhile, there also five kinds of speech act; they are assertive, directive, commissive, declarative, and expressive. The most frequently speech
act used is an illocutionary act that is speech act that has force or intention behind the words uttered by the speaker to the hearer or addressee. Searles
then gives distinction between direct and indirect speech acts according to the relationship between the structural forms and communicative functions. A
direct speech act refers to utterances whose meaning can be understood through linguistic forms, while indirect speech act is used to show an
appropriate level of politeness in communication. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Speech acts play an important role in daily communication, for example requesting. Requesting speech act sometimes is used directly or indirectly in
the daily life. When someone requests something to someone, she or he can express it by uttering requesting, asking, greeting, giving information,
complaining, offering, and criticizing. Besides, there are many factors influencing the relationships among the participants request behaviors, such as
social status, familiarity, and etc. The following is the example of requesting speech act which the researcher finds in Frozen 2013 .
The King : Please... HelpMy daughter
Grand Pabbie : Cuties. Im gonna keep you.
The conversation above takes place in Grand Pabbie’s village, the valley
of the living rock. The participants are between the King of Arendelle and Grand Pabbie, a wise and elderly ruler of the trolls a group of ancient
creatures there. The King of Arendelle has two little daughters, Elsa and Anna. One day, Anna asks Elsa to play magic by making snowman but
accidentally Elsa’s magic hits and almost kills her sister Anna. Then, the King and Queen come to Elsa to know what happens with Anna. Anna is
getting hurt and the King has to save her quickly by carrying her to Grand Pabbie. When he comes there, the King asks Grand Pabbie to save her by
requesting. In the dialogue above, the King requests to Grand Pabbie by saying
“Please... HelpMy daughter”. It means that the King uses speech act of request for action. He wants Grand Pabbie to do what he says, that is to save
his daughter. In this case, Grand Pabbie complies the King request by comforting his daughter by saying
“Cuties. Im gonna keep you.” The King also applies politeness strategy called negative politeness
strategy in delivering his request. It is shown by the use of the word “Please”
at the beginning of his utterance. Hence, the factor influencing the relationships between the King’s request behaviors towards Grand Pabbie is because of
familiarity of each other and the king is one who needs a help from Grand Pabbie.
Based on the example above, I am interested in analyzing the requesting speech act in Frozen by Walt Disney. Therefore, I conduct a research entitled
Analysis Of Requesting Speech Act In The Movie Frozen By Walt Disney.
B. Problem Formulation
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