Short but full of information Has graphological feature

P AGE 10 H EADLINES L EADS 3 Journalists’ Talk Headlines and leads are difficult to be written because of the limited space. They also must be interesting enough to attract the readers. These are some linguistic ways that can be applied to cope with the problems. • Shorten the words President curses porn magazines President curses porn mags. Print advertisements challenge creativity Print ads challenge creativity • Omit the function words Kidman was given cinema honor in Australia Kidman given cinema honor in Australia Revision of import duties was finalized Revision of import duties finalized Glossary Citation: a word or piece of writing taken from a written work to congregate: to gather together in a large group of people or ani- mals to deny: to say that something is not true. rumor-monger: a per- son who spreads rumours verdict: an opinion or decision made after judg- ing the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial suburb: an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live to sustain: to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss to swerve: to change direction, especially sud- denly. Home Assignment Take a look at the headlines in newspaper from two different news agency • Are the headlines written by using the same theories that you have learned? • Do you find another headlines’ characteristics? • How about the language? Are they written in a similar way of writing? 1 Get Into The Newsroom W e know that newspapers have a limited space for its news stories. Therefore the readers won’t read all the news sto- ries in newspapers, they will find the one that really make them interested. The readers also only read the headline and the first or second paragraph, just to grasp the main information. So, how should journalists write their news stories if the readers do not have enough time to read the whole stories? UNIT 3 M EETING 3 T HE I NVERTED P YRAMID AND 5 W + 1 H T HE I NVERTED P YRAMID 5W+1H Story 1 BEKASI: A live-in do- mestic helper has been arrested for the murder of her employee’s baby daughter, the police said Thursday. The 30-year-old woman had been working for the Bekasi couple - Nuriman and Neneng Faridah - for just four days. Bekasi Police chief Sr. Comr. Ed- ward Syah Pernong said their investiga- tion would determine the charges against the maid. The police said the domestic helper was at home alone with two-month- old Ananda Talita Shasqia on Wednes- day. She phoned Neneng, who is a teacher, in the afternoon, asking her to come home as Ananda had died after falling from her cot. The parents arrived home to find their only child dead with blood around her nose and a wound to the back of her neck. Bantargebang Police suggested tak- ing the child’s body to Cipto Mangun- kusumo General Hospital in Central Jakarta for an autopsy, but the family refused. Story 2 BEKASI: The Bekasi couple - Nuriman and Neneng Fari- dah arrived home to find their only child dead with blood around her nose and a wound to the back of her neck. The police said their two-month-old daughter, Ananda Talita Shasqia was at home alone with a domestic helper that had been working for the couple for just four days. The maid phoned Neneng, who is a teacher, in the afternoon, asking her to come home as Ananda had died after falling from her cot. Bekasi Police chief Sr. Comr. Ed- ward Syah Pernong said their investiga- tion would determine the charges against the maid. Bantargebang Police suggested tak- ing the child’s body to Cipto Mangun- kusumo General Hospital in Central Jakarta for an autopsy, but the family refused. The police said that the domestic helper has been arrested for the mur- der of her employee’s baby daughter. Adopted from The Jakarta Post, January 16, page 8 These two different stories have the same information. Read and compare them 1. Which story do you prefer to read if you do not have enough time? Why? 2. What are their dif- ferences? 3. Which one do you want to put in a newspaper? R u d y a r d Kipling, a young journalist had a beautiful poem: “I keep six honest serving men they taught me all I knew; Their name are What and Why and When and How and Where and Who” Now this poem becomes the basic rules in writing news stories: 5W + 1H. Adapted from Catatan-Catatan Jurnalisme Dasar, 2005 B REAKING N EWS P AGE 12 T HE I NVERTED P YRAMID AND 5 W + 1 H Glossary to amplify: to increase the size or effect of some- thing cot: a small bed for a baby or young child with high bars round the sides so that the child cannot fall out to descend: to go or come down to grasp: to quickly take something in your hands and hold it firmly to invert: to turn something upside down or change the order of two things maid: a woman who works as a servant in a hotel or in someones home thoroughly: doing something completely Summary of all important Facts of secondary Details of least im- portant The Inverted Pyramid T HE I NVERTED P YRAMID T he basic pattern in news writing is called the inverted pyramid. It is very useful to solve the problem of readers’ limited time in reading a newspaper. The main function of this structure is to enable the reader to get the main important facts of a news without reading it until the last paragraph. The characteristics of typical news stories using the inverted pyramid are: 1. The first section or the lead contains the summary off all important facts. 2. The body contains the facts that amplify or add the main facts in the lead. 3. After the lead and within the body, facts are arranged in the order of the descending importance. Adapted from Journalism and the School Paper, 1976 5W + 1H M ost news stories answer six questions; what, who, where, when, why, and how. This formula, known as 5W + 1H, enables the readers to understand all the information thoroughly. Note that it is the story that answer all the ques- tions. If those questions are answered by the lead, it will be too long. For example, the lead answer what question and each paragraph in the body will answer the other questions. Look at the lead of story 1 in the first page BEKASI: A live-in domestic helper has been arrested for the murder of her employee’s baby daughter, the police said Thursday. This lead answer What and Why questions. • What happened? A live-in domestic helper has been arrested • Why did she was arrested? She had murdered her employees baby daughter Adapted from The Process of Writing News, 1992 2 Let’s Work P AGE 13 T HE I NVERTED P YRAMID AND 5 W + 1 H Look at the jumbled paragraphs below 1. using the inverted pyramid, rearrange these paragraphs and make good news stories 2. Find the “5W + 1 H” elements in each stories 3. Finally, give each news story a good headline 1. New York police were investigating Monday the gruesome death of a man in the Indonesian consulate, who was dis- covered with a knife struck in his chest and one hand almost severed at the wrist. Consulate officials said Wielanto had been given permission to stay at the consulate while he waited for a flight to Jakarta. It was taken to the office of the city’s medical examiner to determine whether he was murdered or committed suicide. The body of the man, identified as Bam- bang Wielanto, 35, of Jakarta, was found Sunday in a basement room of the four-story mansion just off Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue that housed the consulate. The body was discovered by a security guard. As well the knife protruding from his chest, at least two other knives were lying on the floor. “We are waiting on the examiner’s re- port before we take this any further,” a police spokesman said. Police said they had found no suicide note. Council chair Shukor Husin said state reli- gious authorities were in the process of gaze ting legislation banning the music style in sharia or Islamic law, and that its Muslim followers could be prosecuted. Malaysia’s highest Islamic authority on Mon- day banned Muslims from taking part in a “satanic heavy metal cult”, calling the musi- cal genre un-Islamic. Shukor said that the cult’s practices, based on U.S. rock band Metallica which has used symbols including an inverted cross, went against the teachings of Islam and could pro- pel a Muslim out of the religion. “We are waiting for state religious authori- ties to gazette this fatwa under the sharia crime enactment,” he was quoted as saying by the national Bernama news agency. The National Fatwa Council issued the reli- gious decree against the “black metal cult”, citing practices in which members stamp on the holy Koran, drink alcohol and freely engage in sex. However, he said, merely listening to heavy metal songs was not a crime 2. Adopted from The Jakarta Post, 1 February 2006, page 4 Adopted from The Jakarta Post, 24 January, page 12 The result in Wednesday’s Group B matches have added to the intrigue over how Camer- oon failed to make the World Cup while Togo and Angola qualified for its first finals. Togo, which has yet to score a point or a goal, cannot now qualify with one match still to play. Cameroon has a maximum six points from two games, followed by Congo on four and Angola on one. Congo needs only a draw against Cameroon on Sunday while Angola must win and hope Cameroon continue its winning run Cameroon striker Samuel Eto’o, who will be watching the World Cup on television in June, struck his fourth African Nation Cup goal in two games on Wednesday to elimi- nate Germany-bound Togo. Eto’o followed up Saturday’s hat-trick against Democratic Republic of Congo by scoring the first goal and setting up the other as the Indomitable Lions beat Togo 2-0 to qualify for the quarterfinals Angola, also World Cup qualifier, was held 0-0 by the Congolese despite having a one- man advantage for 71 minutes after Tresor Mputu was sent off. Although the latter pair produced improved performances in a double bill at the Military Academy Stadium, where track suited con- scripts were bought in to boost an otherwise meager crowd on a chilly afternoon, they lacked firepower in attack. “I didn’t think we deserved to lose by that score,” said Togo’s Nigerian coach Stephen Keshi. “It was a big improvement on the last game.” 3. Adopted from The Jakarta Post, 27 January 2006, page You are a journalist and you have collected some information facts for your news story. 1. Based on the facts below, write the lead for your news story remember to put the most important facts in the begin- ning 2. Write the headline 3. Add the specific information after the lead and make sure that your story has applied the inverted pyramid and 5W + 1H The Facts: • SMU Kolese De Britto held DE BRITTO EDUCATION FAIR 2006 on 11-12 October 2006 • At least 32 Universities participated in this event • Students from many high schools also attended the event enthusiastically • Each university had a stand that provided some information about its education programs • The main purpose of this event is to facilitate the high schools students in knowing and selecting the appropriate uni- versities for themselves • The students did not only get the information about several universities, they also had the opportunities to choose the suitable university • Ag Prih Ardiantanto, the head committee, said, “One of the goals in high school is to prepare its students to continue their study in universities. Therefore, giving them the provisions of knowledge, independence, and values of life is a must.” Adapted from Kedaulatan Rakyat, October 13, 2006, page 13 P AGE 14 T HE I NVERTED P YRAMID AND 5 W + 1 H 3 Journalists’ Talk Active VS Passive Now, we have known that news stories try to give the information quickly as possi- ble. The main information facts are written in the beginning then the specific and less important facts follow the lead. In writing news, the journalist must concentrate on using the active voice most of the time. What is the relationship between activepassive sentences with the effectiveness of news stories? Look at the examples below Glossary to ban: to forbid, espe- cially officially to boost: to improve or increase something cult: a religious group, often living to- gether, whose beliefs are considered extreme or strange by many people decree: an official state- ment that something must happen enactment: special law gazette: a newspaper old fashioned gruesome: extremely unpleasant and shocking, and usually dealing with death or injury propel: to push or move something somewhere, often with a lot of force active California’s strongest earthquake since the World Series temblor triggered rock slides, broke windows and collapsed a warehouse wall Wednesday. passive Rock slides were triggered, windows were broken and a warehouse wall was collapsed Wednesday in Califor- nia’s strongest earthquake since the World Series temblor. It is clear that the subject comes at the beginning in the first lead. The second lead hides the subject almost in the end of the paragraph. Discuss it 1. Why do the using of active sentences make the news story more effective? 2. What if news stories do not apply the inverted pyramid and 5W + 1H? 3. Do you think that answering 5W + 1H in writing news stories is complete enough in writing news? Do you have any other elements? Home Assignment • During this week, find 2 newsworthy topics around your school and list all the im- portant facts. To list the facts, you can refer to the inverted pyramid and 5W + 1H formula. Write the headline and the lead. You do not have to write full paragraph for the rest of the story, just list the specific and less important facts. P AGE 15 T HE I NVERTED P YRAMID AND 5 W + 1 H 1 Get Into The Newsroom UNIT 4 M EETING 4 K NOW Y OUR S OURCES N EWS S OURCES B REAKING N EWS Mark Potter, an ABC r e p o r t e r , a l w a y s brought an old-small book. He wrote names, occupations, addresses, telephone numbers, and other important infor- mation in this book. Potter’s habit tells us that news sources are very important. Other journalists also have the similar book. Potter said that he couldn’t do his job without this book. Adapted from Catatan- Catatan Jurnalisme Dasar, 2005 • Can a journalist write a news story without any support from the sources? Why? • Who can be the sources? Who are they? Bomb explodes in Penang, one killed Penang Chief Minister Koh Tsu Koon asked the public not to spread rumors. He said that police were in control of the matter. Police have not yet detained any sus- pects. Authorities said it was the first such incident in the recent years in Penang – one of Malaysia’s main tourist attrac- tions. One witness, Teoh Ah Seen, told na- tional news agency Bernama that about 50 people were watching a singing contest on a pedestrian walkway outside the mall when the blast occurred. “We heard a loud explosion,” Teoh was quoted as saying. “I saw people run- ning helter-skelter, but I didn’t run far away. Later, I saw two men lying on the ground.” Vijay Joshi Associated PressPenang, Malaysia A home made bomb filled with nails and bullet casings exploded outside a shopping mall on a Malaysian resort island, killing one man and injuring an- other, authorities said Monday. Police said the small bomb exploded on Sunday night while some people were watching a singing competition outside the popular Prangin Mall on Malaysia’s northern island of Penang. Perhaps the bomb was made by ama- teurs,” Penang’s criminal investigation police chief, Syed Ismail Syed Azizan, said at a news conference. Malaysia, a mostly Muslim nation is known for its moderate Islam, is one of Southeast Asia’s most peaceful countries. It has cracked down hard on terrorism, having arrested dozens of Islamic militant suspects since 2001. Investigators recovered nails up to 8 centimeters long from the blast site. The bomb, hidden in flower bushes, also contained spent ammunition and had a fuse that resembled a large firecracker, Syed Azizan said. The explosion killed Malaysian swim- ming coach Yeoh Kok Siew, 47. Another man was hospitalized with light injuries. Adapted from The Jakarta Post, 17 January 2006, page 2 R EAD THE ARTICLES ON THE R IGHT AND ANSWER THE QUES- TIONS BELOW : • Could you mention all the news sources in this news story? • Is the news clearly reported with these sources? • Is there any possible source that can be included in this news story? Glossary to crack down: to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way Fuse: a string or piece of paper connected to a fire- work or other explosive item helter-skelter: quickly and in all directions to hospitalize: to take someone to hospital pedestrian: a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go to recover: to get back something lost, especially health, ability, posses- sions, etc resemble: to look like or be like someone or some- thing B REAKING N EWS Janet Cooke, a Washington Post reporter, won Pulitzer with her story “Jimmy’s World.” A story of an eight-year-old boy who was addicted to drugs. This story was discussed several times until people found that her resume was flawed. Cooke finally confessed that she had made some fake characters for her story. She had lost her Pulitzer. Adapted from Catatan- Catatan Jurnalisme Dasar, 2005 T HE N EWS S OURCES ’ F UNCTIONS Sources are the heart of the newspaper. Without them, journalists cannot write news stories accurately and reliably. The functions of news sources are: 1. Develop the story by providing meaning and depth of an event 2. Information from the sources can lead to another news story. 3. Good relationship with the news sources will improve the journalists’ career. Adapted from Catatan-catatan Jurnalisme Dasar, 2005. B ASIC S OURCES OF N EWS

1. Your own

ideas It comes up from your reading or observing activity. Sometimes the ideas are passed along by the city editor

2. Ideas originated by the public agencies, events, or situations

The ideas may be presented conversationally to a reporter or they may be in the form of press releases or news conferences.

3. The exchange ideas between a journalist and a source.

The conversation between a journalist and a source may happen in the hallway, during recesses in public meetings, they talk of the events of the day. The journalist’s skill of recognizing the news is tested. Within a long conversation, a journalist must be able to sort out some important facts that are newsworthy. Adapted from Newsgathering, 1986 H OW TO G ET N EWS S OURCES A journalist may get news sources for their story by doing these activi- ties:

1. Direct Observation

The sources are the event itself. The journalist just observe as a passive recipient. reporting a football match, natural disasters, accidents, etc.

2. Use Beat system

Beat system gives the responsibility to a journalist in covering one of the news fields. A journalist may only write about a specific topic; politic, economic, sport, culture, or education. Most news agencies send their beginner journalists to the public agencies reporting crime stories by attending police office, stories of education comes up from school boards. 3. Interview A journalist conducts an interview with the source to gather more accurate infor- mation. The information can be directly quoted in the news story or summarized. Interview is one of the most important activities in journalism. It needs certain skills and techniques, therefore, this subject will be discussed in the next unit. Adapted from Catatan-Catatan Jurnalisme Dasar, 2005 P AGE 17 K NOW Y OUR S OURCES 2 Let’s Work P AGE 18 K NOW Y OUR S OURCES Read the news stories below 1. Find the news sources that build each story 2. Analyze each story; does it already have balanced reporting? TV transmissions tower falls in violent storm, three killed Adianto P. Simamora The Jakarta PostJakarta A TV transmissions tower collapsed amid a late af- ternoon downpour and strong The 100-meter-high tower, owned by TV7, was still under construc- tion when it collapsed, the station’s public relations head Moko Pamungkas said. Several houses in the neighborhood were also destroyed. Police identified the dead as Ridsyam Danuari, 8, Jimmy, 38, and Sonia, 35. An unspecified number of injured residents were taken to local hospitals. A local woman, Rida, said that her son, Danuari, was trapped in the rubble. Kebun Jeruk Police chief Comr. Agus Risendi said police were investi- gating the cause of the incident and assessing the responsibility of the TV station. Teguh Setiawan, who witnessed the collapse, told Antara news agency that he feared more peo- ple were trapped because of the many construction workers at the site. The winds also de- stroyed a billboard on Jl. Gelora I in Palmerah, Central Jakarta, crushing two passing cars. There were no fatalities in the incident but it led to traf- fic congestion in the area. strong winds Monday, kill- ing at least three people in Kebun Jeruk, West Jakarta, witnesses and police said. Adapted from The Jakarta Post, 24 January 2006, page 1 Shouting match assails graft A s the North Sumatra councilor took his place before the assembled crowd, peo- ple probably assumed he was going to display his crooning abilities. Instead, Amas Muda Siregar shown above gave them an earful Tuesday. “Fight against corruptors” Amas shouted He was one of about 100 participants in a speech and yelling contest against graft at the provincial legis- lature in Medan. The member of Golkar Party was the only councilor participated in the yelling contest, although Ab- dul Hakim Siagian of the National Mandate Party PAN showed his oratorical skills in the speech event. Participants were free to yell or, deliver a speech on tackling cor- ruption, the winners will get cash prizes of Rp 2 million US190. With his tirade measured at 106 decibels, Amas was not the win- ner, but he was not disappointed. He said he took part to show his moral support for the fight against corruption. Contest coordinator Jaya Arjuna told The Jakarta Post the turnout was unexpectedly high, especially because the event was not en- dorsed by the provincial admini- stration. Jaya, who is also Transparency International Indonesia’s coordina- Continues on the next page Free bus driver attacked by commercial drivers The Jakarta Post Jakarta A group of minivan and bus drivers attacked a driver for the free school bus in Cil- incing, North Jakarta, Thursday. Kennedy, 35, a bus driver for the charity organization Dompet Dhuafa, was taken to a nearby hospital for treatment after injuries to his head and face. They attacked in the first day the bus began operat- ing. A group of drivers who said the news bus would rob them of income, stopped the bus that carried many students at about 6:30 a.m. The free school bus pro- gram director, Ahmad Ju- waini, said that the drivers forced all the students off the free bus and made them get on their minivans. “Kennedy tried to explain to the angry drivers that the bus was operating legally but they did not want to listen and attacked him,” Ahmad said. The drivers hit the bus and with iron bars, breaking all of its windows. People in the neighborhood came outside and helped Kennedy. Ahmad said that Dompet Dhuafa provided two free buses and had tried to choose a route that would not overlap commercial corridors. “We will discuss the prob- lems with the Association of Public Transportation Owners and the city ad- ministration,” he said. Adapted from The Jakarta Post, 20 January 2006, page 8 tor in the province, said the event was meant to show the public’s dis- appointment at the facts that corrup- tions cannot be stopped. In the last three years, he said pro- vincial prosecutors had only dealt with 21 corruption cases and the police handled four graft. Meanwhile, within the last three months, members of the public filed 15 graft reports. “This shows that our law enforcers have yet to become serious about fighting corruption. In contrast, the people seem to have more enthusiasm to bring graft cases out into the open,” Jaya said. JPApriadi Gunawan Adopted from The Jakarta Post, 25 January 2006, page 1 Try to list all the possible sources for your stories based on these situations Situation 1: the fake medicines were sold in some local drug stores. The medicines contain unknown hazardous ele- ments. Situation 2: a great explosion happened in SMA Kolese De Britto chemical laboratory. It caused severe damages. Situation 3: a 18-year-old man, Suyatno, committed suicide in his house. He drank a bottle of unidentified liquid. Situation 4: Students of SMA 49 and SMA 13 were fighting in jl. Jendral Sudirman. There were many witnesses. Situation 5: all Peter Pan personnel were injured when they performed in Jogjakarta. The stage collapsed. Situation 6: Students from 5 high schools walked down to the street demonstrating against the new policy of UAN. The new policy reduces the chance of graduating. Situation 7: a massive car accidents happened in Jl. Adisucipto. It involved 24 cars and 36 motorcycles. There were many witnesses. P AGE 19 K NOW Y OUR S OURCES SCHOOL BUS: the free bus provided by Dompet Dhuafa. P AGE 20 K NOW Y OUR S OURCES 3 Journalists’ Talk People as the news sources are helpful to develop our news stories’ accuracy and authenticity. Therefore, a journal- ist must know how to write the quoted or the reported speech. Quoted Speech C ORRECT W RONG • “We will win the last match,” the coach said. • Police said, “We have identified the kidnapper.” • “These corruptor,” President said, “will be jailed immediately.” • “Can they beat my team?” Ronaldo asked. • “We will win the last match.” The coach said. • Police said, “we have identified the kidnapper.” • “These corruptor,” President said, “Will be jailed immediately.” • “Can they beat my team?,” Ronaldo asked. Home assignment F rom the last week home assignment, you have chosen 2 topic for your news stories. You also have written the headlines and the leads. Now develop your news story by listing the appropriate news sources. Hints: find the news sources as many as you can and do not forget to consider the balance of your news stories. Glossary to assess: to judge or decide the amount, value, quality or importance of something iron bar: a straight stick made of metal iron congested: describes roads and towns where there is too much traffic and movement is made difficult to croon: to sing or talk in a sweet low voice full of emotion to deal with: to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve a problem downpour: a lot of rain in a short time earful: to angrily com- plain to someone to endorse: to appear in an advertisement, say- ing that you use and like a particular product fatality: a death caused by an accident or by vio- lence, or someone who has died in either of these ways graft: the act of obtaining money or advantage through the dishonest use of political power and influence to hamper: to prevent someone doing something easily plea: the answer that a person gives in court to the accusation that they have committed a crime rubble: the piles of bro- ken stone and bricks, etc. that are left when a build- ing falls down or is de- stroyed severe: causing very great pain, difficulty, anxiety, damage, etc.; very serious tirade: a long angry speech expressing strong disapproval