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6. Designing the Materials At this stage, the writer begins to design the materials based on the collected
information and decisions from the previous stages. The materials’ units, the sources, and the layout of the designed materials are considered and selected in this stage. The
writer aims to design the materials that are not only interesting but also suitable with the lesson plan and its objectives.
6. Evaluating. This stage is the modification of Kemp’s 1977 and Yalden’s model 1987.
This is the final stage in the instructional material design. The finished instructional materials will be evaluated to check whether the outcome is related to the objectives
or not. If the result of evaluation indicates a flaw in the designed material, the process of revising must be carried out. The revision may be applied to fix the subject content
or the selected teaching learning activities and resources. The whole process of designing the instructional material can be explained in
figure 2.5:
Figure 2.5. The modified instructional model
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter will discuss the research method used in this study. The writer conducted the research to find out how a set of English instructional materials for
journalistic extracurricular activity in SMA Kolese De Britto Yogyakarta was designed. The second research was conducted to evaluate the designed materials. This
chapter consists of five important points in conducting a research in this study. They are research method, respondent of the survey research, research instruments, data
gathering, and data analysis.
A. Research Method
According to Fraenkel and Wallen 1993:7, “research is careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge; and its purpose is to
discover or establish facts and principles”. A certain field of knowledge has its distinctive characteristic and condition so that an appropriate method must be applied
in a research. Therefore, to design a set of English instructional materials for journalistic extracurricular activity in SMA Kolese De Britto Yogyakarta, a research
method that is best suited to educational research, especially the instructional material design is needed.
The research prior to the process of designing the instructional materials will provide the writer with information as the basis. The writer gathered the information
from students, instructor of journalistic extracurricular and journalists by conducting survey. Ary et al 2002 say that the information is gathered by asking the
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respondents some questions. Thus, this study used questionnaires and interview as survey’s instruments.
However, the writer could not begin the process of designing the instructional materials by directly applying the raw data from the survey. The writer needed to
conduct a developmental study in which the gathered data were analyzed and developed. The conclusion drawn from the developmental study would be the basis
for setting up the level of journalistic and language skill in the designed materials.
1. Developmental Study on the Learner Analysis
The survey was conducted twice for this study. The first survey or pre-design survey was conducted to gather the information of the students’ needs and of
suggestions or opinion from the journalists and journalistic extracurricular instructor. The collected information was useful in designing the instructional materials. The
survey was carried out by distributing the questionnaires. The questionnaires for the students of journalistic extracurricular in SMA
Kolese De Britto Yogyakarta focused on: a. Students’ interest of learning newspaper journalism.
b. What the students’ wants in learning newspaper journalism. c. The difficulties in learning English.
The result of the questionnaires gave sufficient information for the writer to begin stating the goal and description of purpose as the second stage of designing a
set of English instructional materials for Journalistic extracurricular activity in SMA Kolese De Britto Yogyakarta. By using the gathered data, the designed materials
hopefully will meet the students’ needs.
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The writer also collected some data related to newspaper journalism subjects. This research involved an instructor of journalistic extracurricular in SMA Kolese De
Britto Yogyakarta and 3 local senior journalists of Kompas and Kedaulatan Rakyat daily newspapers. The collected information was taken as references to begin the
third and fourth steps; to specify the objectives and list the subject content. The instructor is the person who has the experiences in teaching newspaper
journalism in journalistic extracurricular activity in SMA Kolese De BrittoYogyakarta. The interview was conducted to obtain:
a. The appropriate teaching method b. The materials taught in class
c. The instructor’s suggestion about the appropriate materials applied in the designed materials.
This study deals with the knowledge of newspaper journalism. It is necessary to gather some information from the journalists as the persons who work
professionally in newspaper journalism. The questionnaires for the journalists focus on:
a. The journalists’ recommendation on how the teaching learning process should be.
b. The journalists’ suggestions of the appropriate journalistic material in the designed materials.
2. Developmental Study on the Designed Materials Evaluation
The second survey or post-design survey was aimed to evaluate the designed materials. The suggestions and opinion came from several lecturers in English
