Data Gathering Instruments METHODOLOGY
emerges in the process of dialogue between the researcher and the text of the research. The act of interpretation itself represents a gradual convergence of
insight on the part of the researcher and the text Ajjawi and Higgs, 2007:622.
Figure 3.2 Bontekoe’s basic form of the hermeneutic circle as cited in Ajjawi and Higgs, 2007:623
Huberman Miles 1994 say that data analysis is not off-the-shelf, but rather custom-built, revised, and ‘choreographed’ as cited in Creswell, 2007. The
process of data collection, data analysis, and report writing are not distinct in the process. They are interrelated and often go on simultaneously in a research
project. In order to present the result of analysis, Creswell’s theory on Data Analysis Spiral 2007:156 in which there were four steps to conduct was
implemented. The first step was data managing. I created and organized files for data. The process was through looking over interviews, field notes, and learners’
notebook. Transforming raw data to organized narrative data was through reading
and memoing, the second step of Creswell’s data analysis theory. In this step, I had to look at the data and then make margin notes. After that I converted them
into narrative data in form of written transcription. It was then followed by coding the data as the next step.
The third analysis step was describing, classifying, and interpreting. In this step, I reduced the data through sorting, sharpening, focusing, discarding, and
organizing the raw data and developed codes through generating themes or categories. The raw data previously mentioned were learners’ personal
experience. From the experiences, the essence of the phenomenon was described. For completing the data analysis, representing and visualizing were conducted.
The narration of the essence of the experience was presented in tables, figures, or discussion.