to help learners cope with their learning in order to get improvement. As Young 2009:34 explained that computer can be placed in any locations where learners
can learn freely. It means that computer can be situated in the classroom, in a specially designed area of a library, or in any convenient location where the
students, or small groups of students can work uninterruptedly. Moreover, now there is portable computer called laptop and tablet that can be brought everywhere
easily to support the learning process. In learning language, furthermore, it is unavoidable that computer is
extremely needed. More programs to help language learning are then developed. Even, there are more English teachers using CALL. In this part of discussion,
there are some points of CALL elaborated, namely the definitions of CALL, the advantages, the disadvantages of CALL, and why we need CALL.
2.1.3.1 Definitions of CALL
CALL is both exciting and frustrating as a field of research and practice because technology changes so rapidly that CALL knowledge and skills must be
constantly renewed to stay apace of the field. Hence, it is essential to find out what this term actually means. For this reason, the various definitions of CALL
are elaborated. CALL was firstly agreed in the 1983 TESOL convention in a meeting of
all interested participants. Later, this term is widely used to refer to the area of technology and second language teaching and learning Chapelle, 2001:3. This
idea is also stated by Levy 1997:1 who explains that CALL is the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning.
Different from Beatty 2003:7 who elaborates that CALL accommodates its changing nature as any process in which a learner uses a
computer and, as a result, improves his or her language. CALL has come to encompass issues of materials design, technologies, pedagogical theories and
modes of instruction. Materials for CALL can include those which are purpose- made for language learning and those which adapt existing computer-based
materials, video and other materials. It means CALL has replaced teachers’ role in learning while the learners are outside the school.
For Prensky 2001:122, the term CALL is used by teachers and students to describe the use of computers as part of a language course. It presents a
stimulus presented in any combination of text, still images, sound, and motion video to which the learner must respond. The learner responds by typing at the
keyboard, pointing and clicking with the mouse, or speaking into a microphone. However, nowadays CALL as considered here does not include simply
the canonical desktop and laptop devices we label computers. It also includes the networks connecting them, peripheral devices associated with them and a number
of other technological innovations, such as PDAs personal digital assistants, mp3 players, mobile phones, electronic whiteboards and even DVD players,
which have a computer of sorts embedded in them Levy and Hubbard, 2005. In the study, CALL is described as a means of assisting language
learning by the use of a computer. The learners are unconsciously set with rules,
reward, and consequences. During the learning process, they are expected to realize the relation with the real world.
2.1.3.2 Advantages of CALL
There are a lot of advantages of CALL for language learning. Here are the advantages as stated by Felicia 2011:45. She described some points what
CALL actually offers as follows. 1.
Interest and motivation – to avoid a monotonous, boring, and even frustrating learning, and to provide learners ways to learn English more interestingly
2. Individualization - to be free to do trials and errors in learning, without being
afraid to be disturbed by anyone 3.
A compatible learning style – to be able to adjust their learning speed 4.
Optimal use of learning time – to decide how long they will learn through computer
5. Immediate feedback – to have faster learning progress because learners know
what mistakes they should solve 6.
Error analysis – to recognize specific mistakes the learners need to solve 7.
Guided and repetitive practice – to be able to realize the concept of the learning
Similar to Felicia, Hubbard 2009:2 states that this can be explained with respect to a number of different perspectives:
• Learning efficiency – learners are able to pick up language knowledge or skills faster or with less effort;
