Kesimpulan Saran Study on Backscatter Characteristic of ALOS PALSAR Imagery Within Tropical Rain Forest

IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

4.1 Kesimpulan

Dari hasil pembahasan sebelumnya maka dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1 Nilai backscatter dipengaruhi oleh peubah tegakan. 2 Pada citra ALOS PALSAR resolusi 6,25 meter, luas bidang dasar pohon, biomasa pohon dan tinggi pohon merupakan peubah tegakan yang mempengaruhi backscatter. 3 Semakin besar nilai luas bidang dasar pohon, biomasa pohon dan tinggi pohon maka nilai backscatter citra ALOS PALSAR resolusi 6,25 meter untuk kedua polarisasi HH dan HV akan semakin besar. 4 Peubah tegakan yang mempengaruhi nilai backscatter pada citra ALOS PALSAR resolusi 50 meter adalah luas bidang dasar pohon dan biomasa pohon. 5 Semakin besar nilai luas bidang dasar pohon dan biomasa pohon maka nilai backscatter citra ALOS PALSAR resolusi 50 meter untuk kedua polarisasi HH dan HV akan semakin kecil.

4.2 Saran

Saran yang dapat diberikan dalam penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan citra ALOS PALSAR yang telah terkoreksi kemiringannya slope corrected data dan menggunakan beberapa algoritma untuk mereduksi noise. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Arief, A., 2001. Hutan dan Kehutanan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. Awaya, Y., T. Takahashi, Y. Kiyono, H. Saito, M. Shimada, I N.S. Jaya, M.B. Saleh dan S.H. Limin, 2009. Landcover Monitoring and Biomass Estimation Using PALSAR Data in Palangkaraya, Indonesia [abstrak]. Di dalam: Workshop on Exploring the Use of ALOS PALSAR for Forest Resource Management; Bogor, 3 Nopember 2009. Bogor: Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2009. Hlm 01. Basuki, T.M., P.E. Laake, A.K. Skidmore dan Y.A. Hussin, 2009. Allometric Equations for Estimating the Above-Ground Biomass in Tropical Lowland Dipterocarp Forests. Forest Ecology and Management 257:1684–1694. Bergen, K.M., A.M. Gilboy dan D.G. Brown, 2007. 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A semi-empirical approach for surface soil water content estimation from radar data without a-priori information on surface roughness. Journal of Hydrology 321: 297–310. Wal, D., P.M.J. Herman dan A.W. Dool, 2005. Characterisation of surface roughness and sediment texture of intertidal flats using ERS SAR imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 98:96-109. Wardhana, W., O. Karyanto, A. Susanti, E. Yanto dan Rosalina, 2009. Estimating Tropical Peat Forest Biomass and Carbon in Kampar Peninsula Area using ALOS PALSAR [abstrak]. Di dalam: Workshop on Exploring the Use of ALOS PALSAR for Forest Resource Management; Bogor, 3 Nopember 2009. Bogor: Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2009. Hlm 05. 56 Lampiran 1 Rekapitulasi data No Plot Jumlah n Kerapatan rata-rata nHa Diameter rata-rata cm Tinggi rata-rata m Biomassa rata-rata tonha Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Total Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon 10001 1 30 100 120 220 18 37 14 18 17.18 110.65 10002 2 41 200 164 364 17 33 11 15 30.39 121.52 10011 2 86 200 344 544 18 29 14 15 36.42 188.54 50019 4 43 400 172 572 13 34 13 16 33.38 407.73 10042 5 23 500 92 592 13 30 6 14 45.27 55.14 50030 1 2 43 400 200 172 772 5 11 29 4 13 21 4.91 12.32 92.45 10044 2 6 55 400 200 172 772 6 16 35 7 12 19 12.42 79.20 232.00 10014 1 1 71 400 100 284 784 8 11 31 9 10 22 11.46 5.83 188.31 10008 5 77 500 308 808 17 29 13 16 74.86 153.39 10021 1 2 72 400 200 288 888 5 15 32 7 18 19 4.30 21.40 210.02 10045 7 50 700 200 900 12 35 10 19 56.08 216.03 10005 1 3 51 400 300 204 904 6 13 30 5 8 14 6.27 28.22 121.87 50032 2 28 800 112 912 6 33 3 14 12.76 80.05 10020 1 2 92 400 200 368 968 8 18 35 12 19 20 10.48 33.05 334.50 50004 1 4 48 400 400 192 992 6 14 31 8 12 20 6.16 40.47 117.31 50024 1 3 81 400 300 324 1024 7 15 31 9 13 19 7.81 35.58 232.32 50008 1 5 47 400 500 188 1088 6 15 32 11 12 23 5.57 63.50 148.71 50006 9 49 900 196 1096 14 29 13 20 91.95 115.17 10009 1 5 56 400 500 224 1124 7 15 32 10 10 17 8.65 62.56 169.58 50033 1 5 63 400 500 252 1152 7 13 34 5 12 15 9.54 44.05 214.79 10039 1 6 39 400 600 156 1156 8 13 32 7 10 14 11.58 51.77 113.20 57 Lampiran 1 Rekapitulasi data lanjutan No Plot Jumlah n Kerapatan rata-rata nHa Diameter rata-rata cm Tinggi rata-rata m Biomassa rata-rata tonha Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Total Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon 50025 2 2 39 800 200 156 1156 8 14 25 8 12 15 21.15 18.30 60.49 50026 3 5 1200 20 1220 6 42 3 11 16.06 24.45 10007 1 6 59 400 600 236 1236 7 15 27 6 12 14 8.64 68.14 111.37 10018 2 3 55 800 300 220 1320 7 14 33 7 11 21 15.67 31.55 172.82 10043 2 6 59 800 600 236 1636 8 14 32 11 15 18 22.14 64.28 187.99 10040 3 4 52 1200 400 208 1808 6 13 26 9 16 17 18.92 35.64 87.53 10012 3 4 65 1200 400 260 1860 7 16 29 8 14 16 26.49 55.10 144.33 10003 2 8 70 800 800 280 1880 7 17 28 9 12 17 16.75 119.36 140.91 10015 4 1 67 1600 100 268 1968 7 11 39 10 12 21 38.71 5.83 377.21 10023 3 6 67 1200 600 268 2068 8 14 26 9 12 13 34.35 61.64 110.77 10017 4 3 72 1600 300 288 2188 7 15 31 10 17 20 37.46 33.71 179.55 50029 4 5 44 1600 500 176 2276 8 12 35 11 9 17 48.15 39.99 137.80 50005 4 6 91 1600 600 364 2564 7 14 29 15 15 19 32.97 49.06 149.02 50031 4 9 48 1600 900 192 2692 7 15 28 9 12 15 34.62 118.03 96.65 10010 4 9 56 1600 900 224 2724 6 16 30 11 13 16 29.78 115.99 126.01 50003 3 13 82 1200 1300 328 2828 6 14 28 8 16 18 23.25 98.66 171.13 10016 4 10 59 1600 1000 236 2836 9 13 28 12 16 20 61.13 83.36 120.63 10013 5 7 42 2000 700 168 2868 6 16 35 4 12 16 33.45 102.31 137.37 50001 6 4 36 2400 400 144 2944 7 16 40 11 16 23 50.17 56.17 454.10 10041 6 6 67 2400 600 268 3268 7 13 30 5 11 15 45.23 48.88 163.09 50002 10 3 28 4000 300 112 4412 6 13 33 6 8 17 60.99 25.72 80.24 50028 11 8 48 4400 800 192 5392 7 15 26 7 12 15 93.55 91.11 75.71 10004 15 11 31 6000 1100 124 7224 6 13 27 7 12 16 112.19 53.64 60.52 50007 17 11 32 6800 1100 128 8028 7 11 29 10 12 19 163.81 70.44 72.18 58 Lampiran 1 Rekapitulasi data lanjutan No Plot LBDS rata-rata m2ha Tebal tajuk rata-rata m Diameter tajuk rata-rata m Luas tajuk rata-rata m2ha LAI persen tutupan Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon tajuk 10001 2.54 13.86 34 42.2 7.5 6.9 4415.6 5066.2 1.2 31.48 10002 4.54 15.48 3 4.5 5.3 7.4 4337.1 7917.1 1.6 50.95 10011 5.36 24.75 4.8 4.1 5.3 7.4 4415.6 16649.3 1.3 75.49 50019 5.26 39.29 1.3 2.9 2.6 4.7 2374.6 3553.1 0.8 24.52 10042 7.09 7.19 1.2 3.9 1.7 5.3 1751.5 2268.7 1.1 17.89 50030 0.92 2.00 12.23 1 1.8 3.2 1.5 2.1 7.3 706.5 770.3 8044.9 1.5 54.18 10044 2.28 11.96 27.57 1.3 1.9 3.5 2.3 3.1 6.9 3218.5 5637.3 10397.5 0.7 60.58 10014 1.99 0.95 24.18 1.5 2 3.9 5 4 7.6 7850 1256 15400.3 0.3 67.63 10008 11.18 20.50 2.6 3.3 4.5 7.4 8458.4 14962.7 0.8 67.78 10021 0.82 3.30 26.52 1 1.5 3.6 1 1.9 6 314 613.3 10137.9 0.6 57.23 10045 8.78 25.64 2.9 3.5 3.4 6.4 7148.4 7857.3 1.7 42.51 10005 1.15 4.35 15.91 0.5 3.2 4.3 1.3 4.3 7.3 490.6 4670.8 9741.7 1 96.39 50032 2.32 10.29 0.3 4.3 0.5 5.8 157 3366.9 1.1 24.28 10020 1.83 4.90 41.28 1 3 3.3 1 6.5 6.5 314 8556.5 14600.6 1.4 73.79 50004 1.13 6.26 15.26 1 1.4 3.6 1.5 2.8 6.5 706.5 3022.3 7083.8 1.8 43.64 50024 1.40 5.39 29.26 0.5 2.7 3.2 1.5 5.8 6.2 706.5 8693.9 11631.5 0.9 58.91 50008 1.03 9.59 18.48 1 2.9 3.5 1.3 3.9 6.9 490.6 6888.4 8186 1.3 46.16 50006 14.22 14.90 1.5 3.1 3.1 6.8 7222 8262.9 0.7 47.77 10009 1.54 9.47 21.19 0.5 2 3.9 1.5 3.9 7.9 706.5 6211.3 12715.6 0.8 63.48 50033 1.68 6.87 26.66 0.5 2.8 4.9 2.5 2.9 7.3 1962.5 3581.6 12239.7 0.6 63.35 10039 2.01 8.11 14.28 0.5 2.1 4.4 2.3 3.2 7.2 1589.6 5617.7 7308.9 1.3 47.64 Lampiran 1 Rekapitulasi data lanjutan No Plot LBDS rata-rata m2ha Tebal tajuk rata-rata m Diameter tajuk rata-rata m Luas tajuk rata-rata m2ha LAI persen tutupan Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon Pancang Tiang Pohon tajuk 50025 3.67 2.87 8.22 1 2 4.2 1 1.6 5.6 628 417 4438.4 1.8 29.07 50026 2.97 3.00 0.5 3.1 1.2 4.8 1334.5 479.2 0.6 4.31 10007 1.54 10.42 14.67 1.5 2.3 3.4 1.8 4.2 6.7 961.6 9169.8 9675.5 1.3 55.48 10018 2.82 4.87 21.53 0.5 1.7 3.5 0.9 1.8 6.6 569.1 883.1 8913.7 1 47.82 10043 3.83 9.79 23.25 0.5 1.9 3.1 0.8 3.4 5.2 392.5 6181.9 5969.5 1.2 40.97 10040 3.45 0.22 11.78 1.3 3.5 4.1 2.7 5.4 7.6 7693 383.9 10391.8 0.8 38.82 10012 4.70 8.27 18.77 0.8 2.6 3.7 2.3 5.6 6.7 5279.1 11362.9 10162.8 0.4 51.16 10003 2.98 17.82 18.67 2 2.9 3.6 2.3 5.6 7.2 3532.5 24099.5 12935.8 1.7 65.22 10015 6.80 0.95 43.51 1.1 2 4.4 2.2 3.5 8.1 7555.6 961.6 16889.7 1.8 74.25 10023 5.96 9.47 15.05 2.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.8 5.6 12049.8 7241.6 7158 1.4 46.4 10017 6.62 5.17 23.34 0.8 2.3 3.3 1.9 4.7 6.5 4631.5 6711.8 11422.1 1 59.98 50029 8.22 6.30 17.63 4 3.6 5.3 5.3 3.3 8.2 59856.3 4925.9 10615.6 1.3 64.24 50005 5.88 9.26 28.36 1.3 2.2 3.2 3.1 3.4 6.1 17976.5 7594.9 13305.2 0.7 65.93 50031 6.11 17.74 12.80 2 1.9 4.5 3.8 3.3 5.4 20527.8 9120.7 4954.9 0.8 40.32 10010 5.35 17.54 16.56 2.5 3.9 3.8 3.2 7 7.7 17917.6 45063.9 11440 1.9 55.87 50003 4.11 20.29 22.23 0.7 1 2.5 0.8 2.2 5.6 745.8 7570.3 9713 1 49.92 10016 10.35 13.15 15.98 0.9 1.5 4.3 2.7 4.2 9.4 13914.1 17662.5 18932.6 1.1 69.05 10013 6.08 15.24 17.39 0.9 2 3.6 1.4 3.6 5.4 3179.3 9366 4507.5 1.9 57.69 50001 8.92 8.42 42.87 0.6 2.3 3.5 1.4 4.8 7.6 4337.1 9027.5 7719.7 1.8 43.66 10041 8.14 7.72 21.01 1.6 2.1 3.4 2.1 2.2 4.6 1362.8 2629.8 5398.4 1.5 39.73 50002 11.17 4.03 10.35 1.2 2.3 4.9 1.3 2 6.4 5259.5 1099 4352 1.4 28.87 50028 16.56 13.90 10.32 0.8 1.5 4.8 1 1.8 7.3 3336.3 2320.7 8810.1 1.2 47.96 10004 20.15 16.12 7.93 1.7 2.4 3.9 1.7 4.2 6.8 14679.5 16970.7 5459.5 1 28.8 50007 28.55 11.38 9.40 0.9 1.8 3.5 1.2 2.5 6.5 7712.6 6005.3 5230.1 1 32.95 60 Lampiran 2 Output analisis diskriminan peubah tegakan yang mempengaruhi backscatter ALOS PALSAR resolusi 6.25 m DISCRIMINANT GROUPS=Class1 2 VARIABLES=LBDS_PO B_PO T_PO ANALYSIS ALL PRIORS EQUAL STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV UNIVF BOXM COEFF RAW CORR COV GCOV TCOV TABLE CROSSVALID PLOT=COMBINED SEPARATE MAP CLASSIFY=NONMISSING POOLED. Discriminant Lampiran 2.1 Analysis Case Processing Summary Unweighted Cases N Percent Valid 45 100.0 Excluded Missing or out-of-range group codes .0 At least one missing discriminating variable .0 Both missing or out-of-range group codes and at least one missing discriminating variable .0 Total .0 Total 45 100.0 Lampiran 2.2 Group Statistics Class Mean Std. Deviation Valid N listwise Unweighted Weighted 1 LBDS_PO 16.5020 6.71006 17 17.000 B_PO 128.1000 54.22444 17 17.000 T_PO 16.5294 2.83103 17 17.000 2 LBDS_PO 21.3854 10.34090 28 28.000 B_PO 174.5518 103.42481 28 28.000 T_PO 17.7857 2.71289 28 28.000 Total LBDS_PO 19.5405 9.36613 45 45.000 B_PO 157.0033 90.28738 45 45.000 T_PO 17.3111 2.79466 45 45.000 Lampiran 2.3 Tests of Equality of Group Means Wilks Lambda F df1 df2 Sig. LBDS_PO .935 3.007 1 43 .090 B_PO .936 2.922 1 43 .095 T_PO .951 2.196 1 43 .146 Lampiran 2.4 Pooled Within-Groups Matrices a LBDS_PO B_PO T_PO Covariance LBDS_PO 83.898 782.099 12.106 B_PO 782.099 7810.589 109.344 T_PO 12.106 109.344 7.603 Correlation LBDS_PO 1.000 .966 .479 B_PO .966 1.000 .449 T_PO .479 .449 1.000 a. The covariance matrix has 43 degrees of freedom. 61 Lampiran 2.5 Covariance Matrices a Class LBDS_PO B_PO T_PO 1 LBDS_PO 45.025 362.297 11.394 B_PO 362.297 2940.290 93.677 T_PO 11.394 93.677 8.015 2 LBDS_PO 106.934 1030.870 12.528 B_PO 1030.870 10696.692 118.628 T_PO 12.528 118.628 7.360 Total LBDS_PO 87.724 818.858 13.306 B_PO 818.858 8151.812 120.888 T_PO 13.306 120.888 7.810 a. The total covariance matrix has 44 degrees of freedom. Analysis 1 Boxs Test of Equality of Covariance Matrices Lampiran 2.6 Log Determinants Class Rank Log Determinant 1 3 8.631 2 3 13.077 Pooled within-groups 3 12.447 The ranks and natural logarithms of determinants printed are those of the group covariance matrices. Summary of Canonical Discriminant Functions Lampiran 2.7 Eigenvalues Function Eigenvalue of Variance Cumulative Canonical Correlation 1 .083 a 100.0 100.0 .278 a. First 1 canonical discriminant functions were used in the analysis. Lampiran 2.8 Wilks Lambda Test of Functions Wilks Lambda Chi-square df Sig. 1 .923 3.327 3 .344 Lampiran 2.9 Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients Function 1 LBDS_PO .342 B_PO .369 T_PO .453 62 Lampiran 2.10 Structure Matrix Function 1 LBDS_PO .915 B_PO .902 T_PO .782 Pooled within-groups correlations between discriminating variables and standardized canonical discriminant functions Variables ordered by absolute size of correlation within function. Lampiran 2.11 Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients Function 1 LBDS_PO .037 B_PO .004 T_PO .164 Constant -4.227 Unstandardized coefficients Lampiran 2.12 Functions at Group Centroids Class Function 1 1 -.362 2 .220 Unstandardized canonical discriminant functions evaluated at group means Classification Statistics Lampiran 2.13 Classification Processing Summary Processed 45 Excluded Missing or out-of-range group codes At least one missing discriminating variable Used in Output 45 Lampiran 2.14 Prior Probabilities for Groups Class Prior Cases Used in Analysis Unweighted Weighted 1 .500 17 17.000 2 .500 28 28.000 Total 1.000 45 45.000 63 Lampiran 2.15 Classification Function Coefficients