21 opportunity give them experience in learning since experience is the best way for
learning something.
b. Theory of Learning
There are three principles that underlying the learning concept of Communicative Language Teaching Canale and Swain, 1980:29-30, which are
as follows:
1 Communication Principles
The activities must involve a real communication in order to promote language learning Richards and Rodger, 1986:72. If there are less
communicative activities in textbook, the teacher should be creative in creating speaking activities, which can build communicative competence.
2 Task Principle
The activities that carry out meaningful task can promote language learning Richards and Rodger, 1986:72. The teacher can develop the tasks into
meaningful speaking activities from many tasks listed in the textbook in order to promote the process of language learning in the classroom.
3 Meaningfulness Principle
This principle means that the language which is meaningful to the learners support the learning process Richards and Rodger, 1986:72. It puts meaning in
the paramount position that holds an important role in the success of learners‘ language learning. Learning activities are consequently selected according to how
they will engage the learner in meaningful and authentic use rather than merely mechanical practice of language patterns.
22
c. The Characteristic of Communicative Language Teaching
Speaking activities becomes important in creating learners‘ ability in Communicative Language Teaching, even in expressing themselves, so, the writer
selects the suitable communicative activities for the staff of Bantul Community- Based Rehabilitation. The activities should be based on the characteristics of
successful speaking activities Brown and G. Yale, 1983, as follows:
1 Learners talk a lot
Learners are always given opportunity to practice speaking during the teaching learning activity inside the classroom.
2 Participation is even
All learners must get the chance to speak so that there are no minority talkative participants who dominate the classroom discussion.
3 Motivation high
Learners are eager to speak because they are interested in contributing to achieve task objectives.
4 Language is an acceptable level
Learners express themselves in utterances that are relevant, easy comprehensible to each other and an acceptable level of language accuracy.
In this research, the writer conclude that the relationship between principles of teaching speaking and cooperative learning theory is to get the teaching
learning activities in balance. It means the purpose of teaching speaking is communication competence. To achieve this competence, cooperative learning is
23 suitable for teaching speaking. It is because the activities in cooperative learning
are related to those teaching speaking needs many practices with other.
3. English for Specific Purpose ESP
