Main Tenses jenis jenis dari main tenses
English Task
Kind of Main Tenses
Class X.6
No: 12
Sma Negeri 1 kota cirebon
Jalan Wahidin 81 Telp. 0231-203666 Cirebon
Foreword
Praise and thank Allah SWT for his mercy blessing I can accomplish this task smoothly.
When we learn English we often find it difficult to create or construct sentences properly so that ideas
and thoughts that are not stipulated by the grammar rules. Because of a difference in phrasing between
language and English. especially on the verb. verb to be written based on the testimony of time and
perfection of events.
English is one of the international language that must be mastered and understood. a lot of English that
we must learn as vocabulary, grammar, verb, speaking, and others.
verb forms change according to time of occurrence of an event and change the time or the perfect
description of the events referred to in English grammar tenses. tenses can also be interpreted as a
description or explanation of when an event, changes, events or actions occurred in the present
sentence, past, and future.
This task describes the 16 tenses. hopefully with the task can be useful for the future for us as students.
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 2
Table of contents
Recognize Tense...................................................................................................................4
Tenses -1
Tenses -2
Tenses -3
Tenses -4
Simple Present Tense........................................................................................5
Present Continuous Tense.................................................................................6
Present Perfect Tense........................................................................................9
Present Perfect Continuous Tense...................................................................11
Tenses -5
Tenses -6
Tenses -7
Tenses -8
Simple Past Tense............................................................................................12
Past Continuous Tense.....................................................................................13
Past Perfect Tense...........................................................................................14
Past Perfect Continuous Tense........................................................................15
Tenses -9
Tenses -10
Tenses -11
Tenses -12
Simple Future Tense........................................................................................16
Future Continuous Tense.................................................................................17
Future Perfect Tense........................................................................................18
Future Perfect Continuous Tense....................................................................19
Tenses -13
Tenses -14
Tenses -15
Tenses -16
Past Future Tense............................................................................................20
Past Future Continuous Tense.........................................................................21
Past Future Perfect Tense................................................................................22
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense ............................................................23
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 3
Recognize Tenses
Understanding of Tenses
Tenses are the kinds of time in the English language that is used to indicate when an event
or incident occurs. this events can be detected through changes in the verb in a sentence.
tenses can also be in interpreted as a description or explanation when an event occurs in a
sentence according to circumstances, such as: present, past, will come. with simple
language.
Usefulness of Tenses
explain when it happened (present, past and future)
clarify whether the event in perfect or imperfect keasaan
explain whether an event is making progress or not
A variety of Tenses
Time-based events, tenses in the English language can be divided into four kinds.known as
the "four fundamental tenses" are:
Present Tense
is going
Past Tenses
have occurred
Future Tenses
will occur
Past Future Tenses
will happen in the past
Based on the nature of the events can be grouped into four sections:
Simple Tenses
events that are not currently in the process
Continuous Tenses
events that are in the process
Perfect Tenses events that have been completed
Perfect Continuous Tense events that begin before prior to and at a certain
moment the incident is still ongoing
Based on the timing and nature of the incident the 16 tenses are:
Present Tense :
Simple Present Tense
3.
Present Perfect Tense
Present Continuous Tense
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Tense :
Simple Past Tense
3.
Past Perfect Tense
Past Continuous Tense
4.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Tense :
Simple Future Tense
3.
Future Perfect Tense
Future Continuous Tense
4.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future Tense :
Past Future Tense
3.
Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense
4.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
PRESENT TENSE
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 4
Simple Present Tense
describes an activity that occurs at the current time in a simple form of repeated or daily habits
They
(+) S + V1 + O
We
(-) S+ Don’t + V1 + O
+V1
I
(?) Do + S + V1 + O
You
He
(+) S + V1 + s/es + O
She
(-) S+ doesn’t + V1 + O
+V1+S/ES
It
(?) Does + S + V1 + O
The features of simple present tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Always
As a rule
Generally
Normally
Usually
6. Often
7. Every day
8. Never
9. Some time
10. Now day
The functions
Example:
(+) Gaby goes to school everyday
(-) Gaby doesn’t go to school everyday
(?) does Gaby go to school every
Present Continous Tense
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 5
describes an activity or action that is on going at the present time.
They
(+) S + tobe (am/are) + V-ing
We
(-) S+ tobe (am/are) + not + V-ing
+am/are+V-ing
I
(?) tobe (am/are) + S + V-ing
You
He
(+) S + is + V-ing
She
(-) S+ is + not + V-ing
+ is + V-ing
It
(?) is + S + V-ing
The features of Present Continuous Tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Now
Right now
To day
Soon
At present
6. This morning
7. This afternoon
8. Tonight
9. Tomorrow
10. In a few days
The functions
Example:
(+) They are going to Husin’s house.
(-) They are not going to Husin’s house.
(?) Are they going to Husin’s house?
Exception :
in the present continuous tense form is not all verbs using the suffix "ing" even though the
sentence was pronounced when the event is in progress.
There are some verbs that are not normally used in the present continuous tense, among others:
1. To Be (am, are, is) auxiliary verb is use to make sentens.
Example :
o I am happy today
o He is at the book store
Kind of Main Tenses
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2. Verb of the sense (involuntary action) verbs that express matters relating to the five senses : to
feel, to hear, to see, to taste, to smell, to noice etc.
Example :
o I see a bird in the forest
Not : I am see a bird in the forest
o They smell of the trash in the street
Not : They are smelling of the trash in the street
Except for verbs such as : to look at, to listen, to stare, to watch, to gaze, to kiss. Because this
state of things related to the five senses indirectly.
Example :
o I am touching but i don’t feel anything
Not : I touch but I don’t...
3. Verbs of emotion and attitudes, verbs which express feelings and attitudes : to admire (to
respect), to mind (to care) to appreciate (to value) to care for (to like) to dislike, to like, to hate, to
detest, to fear, to loathe, to love, to want, to wish, prefer, to look, to need, to appear, to look, to
seem , etc.
Example :
o I love this clothes
Not : I am loving this clothes
o They look happy now
Not : They are looking happy now
Except for the verb has other meanings can be used in “continuous” as : to admire (to look at
admiration), to appreciate (to increase with value), to care for (to look after), to hate (to
opposite), to long for/to mind (to look after/concern oneself with), etc.
Example :
o She is caring for the children
Not : She care for the children
o I am minding my record store
Not : I mind my record store
4. Verbs of thought or opinion (mental activity) verbs that express an opinion (mental activity) such
as : to agree, to appreciate (to understand), to assume, to belive, to expect (to think), to feel (to
think)to feel sure/certain, to forget, to know, to mean, to perceive, to realize, recall, recognize, to
brecollect, to remember, to see (to understand, to suppose, to think,(to have an opinion), to
understand, etc
Example :
o I think Science is easy to learn
Not : I am thinking Sciene is easy to learn
Kind of Main Tenses
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5.
Verbs of possession, verb that states belonging to or owned, such as: to have/has, to belong to,
to own, to owe, to possess, etc.
Example :
o He owns an expensive motorcycle
Present Perfect Tense
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 8
explain the events that have occurred in the past that still has something to do with the
present, but the timing is not clearly knows. Can also be used to describe events or work today
and has been completed.
They
(+) S + have + V3
We
(-) S+ have + not + V3
+have+V3
I
(?) have + V3 + S
You
He
(+) S + has + V3
She
(-) S+ has + not + V3
+ has+ V3
It
(?) has + V3 + S
The features of Present Perfect Tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Once
Twice
This week
Many time
Just
6. So far
7. As yet
8. Since yesterday
9. Never
10. Ever
The functions
Example:
(+) They have been here since yesterday.
(-) They have not been here since yesterday.
(?) have they been here since yesterday?
Exception :
When the sentence has the formula “have/has + been + past perticipel” then tis sentence is a
form of special construction of the passive voice in present perfect tense.
Example :
o The vas has been broken by Luki
Kind of Main Tenses
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Auxiliart verb “have/has” has three different uses and meanings, namely:
a) S + have/has + noun = have
Example:
o He has a new magazine
o She has a new biga bag
b) S + have/has + V3 = already
Example :
o She has slept nicely
o We have learnt the lesson
c) S + have/has + V1 = should
Example :
o I have to go book store now
o He has to leave for Malang
Specifically for the auxiliary verb “have/has” wich means having the from of question and deny
can be expressed in two ways, namely by using American style and British style.
Example :
American English
British English
Lia has a dress
Lia has a dress
Lia does not have a dress
Lia has not a dress
Does Lia have a dress?
Has Lia a dress?
Present Perfect ContinousTense
Kind of Main Tenses
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describes the activities that began in the past and has continued until now continuous of
discontinuous. Can also be used to describe events that occurred during the past and continues to date
are discussed.
They
(+) S + have + been + V-ing
We
(-) S+ have + not + V-ing
+have+been+Ving
I
(?) have + S + been + V-ing
You
He
(+) S + has + been + Ving
She
(-) S+ has + not + been + Ving
+ has+been+ Ving
It
(?) has + S + been + Ving
The features of present perfect continous tense:
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For
Since
Long
For over two years
The whole day
6. Since five o’clock
7. All morning
8. The whole night
The functions
Example:
(+) Lucy has been working since morning.
(-) Lucy has not been working since morning.
(?) Has Lucy been working since morning?
Kind of Main Tenses
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PAST TENSE
Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa dimasa lalu.
They
(+) S + V2
We
(-) S+ did’nt + V1
+V2
I
(?) did + S + V1
You
He
(+) S + V2
She
+ V2
It
(-) S+ didn’t + V1
(?) did + S + V1
The features of simple past tense:
Adverbs of frequency
a. Last night
d. Last month
b. yeterday
e. Last year
c. Last day
f. Last morning
The functions
Example:
(+) I saw the bird last night.
(-) I didn’t see the bird last night.
(?) did you see the bird last night?
Kind of Main Tenses
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Past Continous Tense
describes event or action that is ongoing in the past at other events that occur or other acts
performed.
They
(+) S + were+ Ving
We
(-) S+ were + not + Ving
+were+Ving
I
(?) were + S + Ving
You
He
(+) S + was + Ving
She
(-) S+ was + not + Ving
+ was+ Ving
It
(?) was + S + Ving
The features of past continous:
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
When
While
AS
All day yesterday
5. The whole day last sunday
The functions
Example:
(+) They were going to Budi’s house.
(-) They were not going to Budi’s house.
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(?) were they going to Budi’s house?
Past Perfect Tense
describes an action that has been completed in the past or it can also describe two events
that have occurred but asserted that the events which occurred first.
They
We
(+) S + had + V3
(-) S+ had + not + V3
+had+V3
I
(?) had + V3 + S
You
He
(+) S + had + V3
She
+ had+ V3
It
(-) S+ had + not + V3
(?) had + V3 + S
The features of Past Perfect Tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
Before
After
Until
As soon as
The functions
Example:
(+) They had been here before.
(-) They had not been here before.
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(?) had they been here before?
Present Perfect ContinousTense
states action that has already begun and is still going on in the past.
They
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
We
(-) S+ had + not + V-ing
+had+been+Ving
I
(?) had + S + been + V-ing
You
He
(+) S + had + been + Ving
She
(-) S+ had + not + been + Ving
+ had+been+ Ving
It
(?) had + S + been + Ving
The features of past perfect continous tense:
Adverbs of frequency
1. For….
2. When
3. Since
4. After
The functions
Example:
(+) Luda had been working since Tuesday.
(-) Luda had not been working since Tuesday.
(?) Had Luda been working since Tuesday?
Kind of Main Tenses
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FUTURE TENSE
Simple Future Tense
used to declare an act to be performed on the future.
(+) S +shall + V1
We
I
(-) S+ shall +not + V1
+shall+V1
(?) Shall + S + V1
He
They
You
+will+V1
(+) S +will+ V1
She
(-) S+ will +not + V1
It
(?) Will + S + V1
The features of simple future tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. Tomorrow
2. Next month
3. After
4. Next year
5. Soon
The functions
Kind of Main Tenses
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Example:
(+) Gary will go to Bandung next year.
(-) Gary will not go to Bandung next year.
(?) will Gary go to Bandung next year?
Future Continous Tense
used to indicate an action that will occur.
(+) S +shall +be+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ shall +not +be+ Ving
+shall+be+Ving
(?) Shall + S +be+ Ving
He
They
You
+will+be+Ving
(+) S +will+be+ Ving
She
(-) S+ will +not +be+ Ving
It
(?) Will + S +be+ Ving
The features of future continous tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. Tomorrow
2. While
3. When
4. If
The functions
Kind of Main Tenses
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Example:
(+) I shall be going to Bandung tomorrow.
(-) I shall not be going to Bandung tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be going to Bandung tomorrow?
Future Perfect Tense
used to express action that has already begun in the past and be completed in time to come.
(+) S +shall + V3
We
I
(-) S+ shall +not + V3
+shall+V3
(?) Shall + S + V3
He
They
You
+will+V3
(+) S +will+ V3
She
(-) S+ will +not + V3
It
(?) Will + S + V3
The features of future perfect tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. In..
2. Untill
3. Before
4. After
5. By Wednesday
The functions
Kind of Main Tenses
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Example:
(+)They will have finished their work by Wednesday
(-)They will not have finished their work by Wednesday
(?)Will they have finished their work by Wednesday?
Future Perfect Continous Tense
used to express that an activity will be (already, was) took place when the speaker speaks so in this form
will have a sense of a sentence “...would have been being...” something that is not common phrase heard
in Indonesian.
(+) S +shall +have+been+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ shall +have+not +been+ Ving
+shall+have+been+Ving
(?) Shall + S +have+been+ Ving
He
They
You
+will+have+been+Ving
(+) S +will+have+been+ Ving
She
(-) S+ will +have+not +been+ Ving
It
(?) Will + S +have+been+ Ving
The features of future continous tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. For….next…..
2. For two weeks
3. by next month
4. By the and of……..
5. By the and of this week
6. By the and of 1991
Kind of Main Tenses
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The functions
Example:
(+)I shall have been studying in high school one year by the end of June
(-)I shall not have been studying in high school one year by the end of June
(?)Shall I have been studying in high school one year by the end of June?
PAST FUTURE TENSE
Past Future Tense
used to declare an event that will occur at the time that would have occurred in the past. May also
declare an event that is not in the past because the conditions are not met and would not be possible at
this time.
(+) S +should + V1
We
I
(-) S+ should +not + V1
+should+V1
(?) Should + S + V1
He
They
You
+would+V1
(+) S +would+ V1
She
(-) S+ would +not + V1
It
(?) Would + S + V1
The features of past future tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. The day before
2. The next day
3. The next month
4. The next year
5. The week before
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 20
The functions
Example:
(+)They would meet for discussing the day before
(-)They would not meet for discussing the day before
(?)Would They meet for discussing the day before?
Past Future Continous Tense
used to express action that will is begain done in the past or can be used to declare an event or
events that will occur in time to be going on in the past.
(+) S +should +be+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ should +not +be+ Ving
+should+be+Ving
(?)should + S +be+ Ving
He
They
You
+would+be+Ving
(+) S +would+be+ Ving
She
(-) S+ would +not +be+ Ving
It
(?)would + S +be+ Ving
The features of past future continous tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. Next year
2. The following day
3. Next day
4. Next wek
The functions
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 21
Example: (+) should be meeting Sinta at six yesterday
(-)I should not be meeting Sinta at six yesterday
(?)should I be meeting Sinta at six yesterday?
Past Future Perfect Tense
Used to express a supposition that can not happen because the conditions are not met is uncertain, but
only as a shadow only if the requirements were met in the past.
(+) S +should +have+ V3
We
I
(-) S+ should +have +not + V3
+should+have+V3
(?)should + S +have+ V3
He
They
You
+would+have+V3
(+) S +would+have+ V3
She
(-) S+ would+have +not + V3
It
(?)would + S+have + V3
The features of future perfect tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. On last year
2. On last day
3. On last week
4. Past fucure perfect………if……….past perfect
The functions
Example: (+) you would have worked if you had met me
Kind of Main Tenses
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(-) you would not have worked if you had met me
(?) would you have worked if you had met me?
Past Future Perfect Continous Tense
used to express that an activity will be (already, was) took place when the speaker speaks so in this form
will have a sense of a sentence “...would have been being...” something that is not common phrase heard
in Indonesian.
(+) S +should+have+been+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ should+have +not +been+ Ving
+should+have+been+Ving
(?)should+ S +have+been+ Ving
He
They
You
+would+have+been+Ving
(+) S +would+have+been+ Ving
She
(-) S+ would+have+not +been+ Ving
It
(?)would + S +have+been+ Ving
The features of future continous tense :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Adverbs of frequency
By last ……
By last week
By last month
By last year
By the end of…..
By the end of this week
By the end of this year
By last Christmas
Kind of Main Tenses
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9. By……… last year
10. By may last year
The functions
Example:
(+) I sould have been studying there for two hours bythe end of this afternoon
(-)I sould not have been studying there for two hours bythe end of this afternoon
(?) sould I have been studying there for two hours bythe end of this afternoon
Kind of Main Tenses
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A Final Word
so that I could tell about the 16 tenses I hope this paper can be very useful for all, and probably many
other papers are more wonderful than this paper. more or less please forgive me as well as ordinary
people who definitely have a lot of mistakes
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 25
Kind of Main Tenses
Class X.6
No: 12
Sma Negeri 1 kota cirebon
Jalan Wahidin 81 Telp. 0231-203666 Cirebon
Foreword
Praise and thank Allah SWT for his mercy blessing I can accomplish this task smoothly.
When we learn English we often find it difficult to create or construct sentences properly so that ideas
and thoughts that are not stipulated by the grammar rules. Because of a difference in phrasing between
language and English. especially on the verb. verb to be written based on the testimony of time and
perfection of events.
English is one of the international language that must be mastered and understood. a lot of English that
we must learn as vocabulary, grammar, verb, speaking, and others.
verb forms change according to time of occurrence of an event and change the time or the perfect
description of the events referred to in English grammar tenses. tenses can also be interpreted as a
description or explanation of when an event, changes, events or actions occurred in the present
sentence, past, and future.
This task describes the 16 tenses. hopefully with the task can be useful for the future for us as students.
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 2
Table of contents
Recognize Tense...................................................................................................................4
Tenses -1
Tenses -2
Tenses -3
Tenses -4
Simple Present Tense........................................................................................5
Present Continuous Tense.................................................................................6
Present Perfect Tense........................................................................................9
Present Perfect Continuous Tense...................................................................11
Tenses -5
Tenses -6
Tenses -7
Tenses -8
Simple Past Tense............................................................................................12
Past Continuous Tense.....................................................................................13
Past Perfect Tense...........................................................................................14
Past Perfect Continuous Tense........................................................................15
Tenses -9
Tenses -10
Tenses -11
Tenses -12
Simple Future Tense........................................................................................16
Future Continuous Tense.................................................................................17
Future Perfect Tense........................................................................................18
Future Perfect Continuous Tense....................................................................19
Tenses -13
Tenses -14
Tenses -15
Tenses -16
Past Future Tense............................................................................................20
Past Future Continuous Tense.........................................................................21
Past Future Perfect Tense................................................................................22
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense ............................................................23
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 3
Recognize Tenses
Understanding of Tenses
Tenses are the kinds of time in the English language that is used to indicate when an event
or incident occurs. this events can be detected through changes in the verb in a sentence.
tenses can also be in interpreted as a description or explanation when an event occurs in a
sentence according to circumstances, such as: present, past, will come. with simple
language.
Usefulness of Tenses
explain when it happened (present, past and future)
clarify whether the event in perfect or imperfect keasaan
explain whether an event is making progress or not
A variety of Tenses
Time-based events, tenses in the English language can be divided into four kinds.known as
the "four fundamental tenses" are:
Present Tense
is going
Past Tenses
have occurred
Future Tenses
will occur
Past Future Tenses
will happen in the past
Based on the nature of the events can be grouped into four sections:
Simple Tenses
events that are not currently in the process
Continuous Tenses
events that are in the process
Perfect Tenses events that have been completed
Perfect Continuous Tense events that begin before prior to and at a certain
moment the incident is still ongoing
Based on the timing and nature of the incident the 16 tenses are:
Present Tense :
Simple Present Tense
3.
Present Perfect Tense
Present Continuous Tense
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Tense :
Simple Past Tense
3.
Past Perfect Tense
Past Continuous Tense
4.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Tense :
Simple Future Tense
3.
Future Perfect Tense
Future Continuous Tense
4.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future Tense :
Past Future Tense
3.
Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense
4.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
PRESENT TENSE
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 4
Simple Present Tense
describes an activity that occurs at the current time in a simple form of repeated or daily habits
They
(+) S + V1 + O
We
(-) S+ Don’t + V1 + O
+V1
I
(?) Do + S + V1 + O
You
He
(+) S + V1 + s/es + O
She
(-) S+ doesn’t + V1 + O
+V1+S/ES
It
(?) Does + S + V1 + O
The features of simple present tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Always
As a rule
Generally
Normally
Usually
6. Often
7. Every day
8. Never
9. Some time
10. Now day
The functions
Example:
(+) Gaby goes to school everyday
(-) Gaby doesn’t go to school everyday
(?) does Gaby go to school every
Present Continous Tense
Kind of Main Tenses
Page 5
describes an activity or action that is on going at the present time.
They
(+) S + tobe (am/are) + V-ing
We
(-) S+ tobe (am/are) + not + V-ing
+am/are+V-ing
I
(?) tobe (am/are) + S + V-ing
You
He
(+) S + is + V-ing
She
(-) S+ is + not + V-ing
+ is + V-ing
It
(?) is + S + V-ing
The features of Present Continuous Tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Now
Right now
To day
Soon
At present
6. This morning
7. This afternoon
8. Tonight
9. Tomorrow
10. In a few days
The functions
Example:
(+) They are going to Husin’s house.
(-) They are not going to Husin’s house.
(?) Are they going to Husin’s house?
Exception :
in the present continuous tense form is not all verbs using the suffix "ing" even though the
sentence was pronounced when the event is in progress.
There are some verbs that are not normally used in the present continuous tense, among others:
1. To Be (am, are, is) auxiliary verb is use to make sentens.
Example :
o I am happy today
o He is at the book store
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2. Verb of the sense (involuntary action) verbs that express matters relating to the five senses : to
feel, to hear, to see, to taste, to smell, to noice etc.
Example :
o I see a bird in the forest
Not : I am see a bird in the forest
o They smell of the trash in the street
Not : They are smelling of the trash in the street
Except for verbs such as : to look at, to listen, to stare, to watch, to gaze, to kiss. Because this
state of things related to the five senses indirectly.
Example :
o I am touching but i don’t feel anything
Not : I touch but I don’t...
3. Verbs of emotion and attitudes, verbs which express feelings and attitudes : to admire (to
respect), to mind (to care) to appreciate (to value) to care for (to like) to dislike, to like, to hate, to
detest, to fear, to loathe, to love, to want, to wish, prefer, to look, to need, to appear, to look, to
seem , etc.
Example :
o I love this clothes
Not : I am loving this clothes
o They look happy now
Not : They are looking happy now
Except for the verb has other meanings can be used in “continuous” as : to admire (to look at
admiration), to appreciate (to increase with value), to care for (to look after), to hate (to
opposite), to long for/to mind (to look after/concern oneself with), etc.
Example :
o She is caring for the children
Not : She care for the children
o I am minding my record store
Not : I mind my record store
4. Verbs of thought or opinion (mental activity) verbs that express an opinion (mental activity) such
as : to agree, to appreciate (to understand), to assume, to belive, to expect (to think), to feel (to
think)to feel sure/certain, to forget, to know, to mean, to perceive, to realize, recall, recognize, to
brecollect, to remember, to see (to understand, to suppose, to think,(to have an opinion), to
understand, etc
Example :
o I think Science is easy to learn
Not : I am thinking Sciene is easy to learn
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5.
Verbs of possession, verb that states belonging to or owned, such as: to have/has, to belong to,
to own, to owe, to possess, etc.
Example :
o He owns an expensive motorcycle
Present Perfect Tense
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explain the events that have occurred in the past that still has something to do with the
present, but the timing is not clearly knows. Can also be used to describe events or work today
and has been completed.
They
(+) S + have + V3
We
(-) S+ have + not + V3
+have+V3
I
(?) have + V3 + S
You
He
(+) S + has + V3
She
(-) S+ has + not + V3
+ has+ V3
It
(?) has + V3 + S
The features of Present Perfect Tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Once
Twice
This week
Many time
Just
6. So far
7. As yet
8. Since yesterday
9. Never
10. Ever
The functions
Example:
(+) They have been here since yesterday.
(-) They have not been here since yesterday.
(?) have they been here since yesterday?
Exception :
When the sentence has the formula “have/has + been + past perticipel” then tis sentence is a
form of special construction of the passive voice in present perfect tense.
Example :
o The vas has been broken by Luki
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Auxiliart verb “have/has” has three different uses and meanings, namely:
a) S + have/has + noun = have
Example:
o He has a new magazine
o She has a new biga bag
b) S + have/has + V3 = already
Example :
o She has slept nicely
o We have learnt the lesson
c) S + have/has + V1 = should
Example :
o I have to go book store now
o He has to leave for Malang
Specifically for the auxiliary verb “have/has” wich means having the from of question and deny
can be expressed in two ways, namely by using American style and British style.
Example :
American English
British English
Lia has a dress
Lia has a dress
Lia does not have a dress
Lia has not a dress
Does Lia have a dress?
Has Lia a dress?
Present Perfect ContinousTense
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describes the activities that began in the past and has continued until now continuous of
discontinuous. Can also be used to describe events that occurred during the past and continues to date
are discussed.
They
(+) S + have + been + V-ing
We
(-) S+ have + not + V-ing
+have+been+Ving
I
(?) have + S + been + V-ing
You
He
(+) S + has + been + Ving
She
(-) S+ has + not + been + Ving
+ has+been+ Ving
It
(?) has + S + been + Ving
The features of present perfect continous tense:
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For
Since
Long
For over two years
The whole day
6. Since five o’clock
7. All morning
8. The whole night
The functions
Example:
(+) Lucy has been working since morning.
(-) Lucy has not been working since morning.
(?) Has Lucy been working since morning?
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PAST TENSE
Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa dimasa lalu.
They
(+) S + V2
We
(-) S+ did’nt + V1
+V2
I
(?) did + S + V1
You
He
(+) S + V2
She
+ V2
It
(-) S+ didn’t + V1
(?) did + S + V1
The features of simple past tense:
Adverbs of frequency
a. Last night
d. Last month
b. yeterday
e. Last year
c. Last day
f. Last morning
The functions
Example:
(+) I saw the bird last night.
(-) I didn’t see the bird last night.
(?) did you see the bird last night?
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Past Continous Tense
describes event or action that is ongoing in the past at other events that occur or other acts
performed.
They
(+) S + were+ Ving
We
(-) S+ were + not + Ving
+were+Ving
I
(?) were + S + Ving
You
He
(+) S + was + Ving
She
(-) S+ was + not + Ving
+ was+ Ving
It
(?) was + S + Ving
The features of past continous:
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
When
While
AS
All day yesterday
5. The whole day last sunday
The functions
Example:
(+) They were going to Budi’s house.
(-) They were not going to Budi’s house.
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(?) were they going to Budi’s house?
Past Perfect Tense
describes an action that has been completed in the past or it can also describe two events
that have occurred but asserted that the events which occurred first.
They
We
(+) S + had + V3
(-) S+ had + not + V3
+had+V3
I
(?) had + V3 + S
You
He
(+) S + had + V3
She
+ had+ V3
It
(-) S+ had + not + V3
(?) had + V3 + S
The features of Past Perfect Tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1.
2.
3.
4.
Before
After
Until
As soon as
The functions
Example:
(+) They had been here before.
(-) They had not been here before.
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(?) had they been here before?
Present Perfect ContinousTense
states action that has already begun and is still going on in the past.
They
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
We
(-) S+ had + not + V-ing
+had+been+Ving
I
(?) had + S + been + V-ing
You
He
(+) S + had + been + Ving
She
(-) S+ had + not + been + Ving
+ had+been+ Ving
It
(?) had + S + been + Ving
The features of past perfect continous tense:
Adverbs of frequency
1. For….
2. When
3. Since
4. After
The functions
Example:
(+) Luda had been working since Tuesday.
(-) Luda had not been working since Tuesday.
(?) Had Luda been working since Tuesday?
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FUTURE TENSE
Simple Future Tense
used to declare an act to be performed on the future.
(+) S +shall + V1
We
I
(-) S+ shall +not + V1
+shall+V1
(?) Shall + S + V1
He
They
You
+will+V1
(+) S +will+ V1
She
(-) S+ will +not + V1
It
(?) Will + S + V1
The features of simple future tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. Tomorrow
2. Next month
3. After
4. Next year
5. Soon
The functions
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Example:
(+) Gary will go to Bandung next year.
(-) Gary will not go to Bandung next year.
(?) will Gary go to Bandung next year?
Future Continous Tense
used to indicate an action that will occur.
(+) S +shall +be+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ shall +not +be+ Ving
+shall+be+Ving
(?) Shall + S +be+ Ving
He
They
You
+will+be+Ving
(+) S +will+be+ Ving
She
(-) S+ will +not +be+ Ving
It
(?) Will + S +be+ Ving
The features of future continous tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. Tomorrow
2. While
3. When
4. If
The functions
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Example:
(+) I shall be going to Bandung tomorrow.
(-) I shall not be going to Bandung tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be going to Bandung tomorrow?
Future Perfect Tense
used to express action that has already begun in the past and be completed in time to come.
(+) S +shall + V3
We
I
(-) S+ shall +not + V3
+shall+V3
(?) Shall + S + V3
He
They
You
+will+V3
(+) S +will+ V3
She
(-) S+ will +not + V3
It
(?) Will + S + V3
The features of future perfect tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. In..
2. Untill
3. Before
4. After
5. By Wednesday
The functions
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Example:
(+)They will have finished their work by Wednesday
(-)They will not have finished their work by Wednesday
(?)Will they have finished their work by Wednesday?
Future Perfect Continous Tense
used to express that an activity will be (already, was) took place when the speaker speaks so in this form
will have a sense of a sentence “...would have been being...” something that is not common phrase heard
in Indonesian.
(+) S +shall +have+been+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ shall +have+not +been+ Ving
+shall+have+been+Ving
(?) Shall + S +have+been+ Ving
He
They
You
+will+have+been+Ving
(+) S +will+have+been+ Ving
She
(-) S+ will +have+not +been+ Ving
It
(?) Will + S +have+been+ Ving
The features of future continous tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. For….next…..
2. For two weeks
3. by next month
4. By the and of……..
5. By the and of this week
6. By the and of 1991
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The functions
Example:
(+)I shall have been studying in high school one year by the end of June
(-)I shall not have been studying in high school one year by the end of June
(?)Shall I have been studying in high school one year by the end of June?
PAST FUTURE TENSE
Past Future Tense
used to declare an event that will occur at the time that would have occurred in the past. May also
declare an event that is not in the past because the conditions are not met and would not be possible at
this time.
(+) S +should + V1
We
I
(-) S+ should +not + V1
+should+V1
(?) Should + S + V1
He
They
You
+would+V1
(+) S +would+ V1
She
(-) S+ would +not + V1
It
(?) Would + S + V1
The features of past future tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. The day before
2. The next day
3. The next month
4. The next year
5. The week before
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The functions
Example:
(+)They would meet for discussing the day before
(-)They would not meet for discussing the day before
(?)Would They meet for discussing the day before?
Past Future Continous Tense
used to express action that will is begain done in the past or can be used to declare an event or
events that will occur in time to be going on in the past.
(+) S +should +be+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ should +not +be+ Ving
+should+be+Ving
(?)should + S +be+ Ving
He
They
You
+would+be+Ving
(+) S +would+be+ Ving
She
(-) S+ would +not +be+ Ving
It
(?)would + S +be+ Ving
The features of past future continous tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. Next year
2. The following day
3. Next day
4. Next wek
The functions
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Example: (+) should be meeting Sinta at six yesterday
(-)I should not be meeting Sinta at six yesterday
(?)should I be meeting Sinta at six yesterday?
Past Future Perfect Tense
Used to express a supposition that can not happen because the conditions are not met is uncertain, but
only as a shadow only if the requirements were met in the past.
(+) S +should +have+ V3
We
I
(-) S+ should +have +not + V3
+should+have+V3
(?)should + S +have+ V3
He
They
You
+would+have+V3
(+) S +would+have+ V3
She
(-) S+ would+have +not + V3
It
(?)would + S+have + V3
The features of future perfect tense :
Adverbs of frequency
1. On last year
2. On last day
3. On last week
4. Past fucure perfect………if……….past perfect
The functions
Example: (+) you would have worked if you had met me
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(-) you would not have worked if you had met me
(?) would you have worked if you had met me?
Past Future Perfect Continous Tense
used to express that an activity will be (already, was) took place when the speaker speaks so in this form
will have a sense of a sentence “...would have been being...” something that is not common phrase heard
in Indonesian.
(+) S +should+have+been+ Ving
We
I
(-) S+ should+have +not +been+ Ving
+should+have+been+Ving
(?)should+ S +have+been+ Ving
He
They
You
+would+have+been+Ving
(+) S +would+have+been+ Ving
She
(-) S+ would+have+not +been+ Ving
It
(?)would + S +have+been+ Ving
The features of future continous tense :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Adverbs of frequency
By last ……
By last week
By last month
By last year
By the end of…..
By the end of this week
By the end of this year
By last Christmas
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9. By……… last year
10. By may last year
The functions
Example:
(+) I sould have been studying there for two hours bythe end of this afternoon
(-)I sould not have been studying there for two hours bythe end of this afternoon
(?) sould I have been studying there for two hours bythe end of this afternoon
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A Final Word
so that I could tell about the 16 tenses I hope this paper can be very useful for all, and probably many
other papers are more wonderful than this paper. more or less please forgive me as well as ordinary
people who definitely have a lot of mistakes
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