MANAJEMEN DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI Menuju
MANAJEMEN DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Menuju Masyarakat Berbasis Pengetahuan
Sekolah Staf Pimpinan Bank Indonesia
Jakarta, 16 April 2004
About Myself
Name
Richardus Eko Indrajit
Date of Birth
24 Januari 1969
Zodiak
Aquarius
Home Address
Jalan Bangka VIII A No.4
Kemang, Jakarta 12720
Phone/Fax +62 21 7179-0028
HP +818 925-926
Email and Website
indrajit@post.harvard.edu
http://www.indradjit.com
My Education Background
$ Bachelor of Science from ITS Surabaya, Jawa Timur,
Indonesia
$ Master of Applied Computer Science from Harvard
University, Massachusetts, United States
– Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
– Boston University
$ Master of Business Administration from Leicester
University, Leicester, United Kingdom
$ Doctor of Business Administration from University of
the City of Manila, Intramuros, Philippines
$ Professorship Program for the Year 2004
$ Candidate Doctor of Philosophy at Maastricht School
of Management and Monash University
My Academic Activities
$ Chairman of STIMIK Perbanas
$ Faculty Member of Graduate School
– Bina Nusantara University – Curtin University of
Technology
– Atmajaya University
– IPMI – Monash University
– Pelita Harapan University
– University of Indonesia
– Diponegoro University
– Sanata Dharma University
$ Faculty Member of Undergraduate School
– Trisakti – Edith Cowan University
– STIMIK Veritas
– ITS Surabaya
My Works Experience
Current
$ Chief Executive Officer of PT Prima Mitranata
$ Chief Executive Officer of Computer-Aided Training Center
$ President Director of PT Renaissance Sentra Indonesia
$ President Director of PT Mitra Humanika Persada
$ Director of PT Veritas Informasi Prakarsa
$ Director of PT Peta Akses Cakrawala
Past
$ President Director of PT Mitra-Artec Prima Sejati
$ Information System Director of PT Macro-Data Internusa
$ General Manager of Training and Consulting, Jakarta Consulting
Group, Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Business Manager of Prosys Bangun Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Associate Director of Information Technology, Balai Lelang Indonesia,
Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Corporate Advisor, Rodamas, Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Consultant in Information Technology, Price Waterhouse, Jakarta,
Indonesia
$ Information System Manager, Intikarsa Mandiri, Surabaya, Indonesia
$ Inzepoket Group, Surabaya, Indonesia
My Consultancy Experience
PT Timah – PT PLN – Jakarta Stock Exchange – Federal International Finance –
Badan Urusan Logistik – PT Birotika Semesta (DHL) – Bapepam – Truba Jurong
– PT Krakatau Steel – PT Indo Baja Perkasa – Pupuk Kaltim – Direktorat Jendral
Pajak – RSUD Sidoarjo – PT Industri Sandang – Universitas Airlangga –
McDermott – Kyocera – PT Reka Patria – Astra Graphia – DMA Sattelite –
Pertamina – CV Trasindo Sistema Rekayasa – Universitas Dokter Soetomo – PT
Rekayasa Industri – Jardine Fleming Nusantara Finance – Andromeda Bank –
HITACHI – RCTI – Intirub – Indomilk – Bank Exim – Honda Federal – 2100
Singapore – Bank NISP – Panin Bank – Danareksa PT – PT Sentra Investasi
Danareksa – Pertamina – National Gobel – Toyota Astra Motors – Anchor Bay
USA – Multimedia Production Inc. – PT Procon Indah – BPPT – Colliers Jardine
– Raja Garuda Mas – Lines Ad – Binamark – PT C. U. T. – MPR Consultant –
Citra Audi Vistama – Pt Reebook Indonesia – Bridgestone – Pelnagi Indah
Kanindo - Nutrisari – Signpost Design – Wadyhabala – Sekolah Pelita Harapan
– Universitas Indonusa Esa Unggul – W.I. Carr – Meryll Lynch – PT Tripatra
Engineering – PT. Barata Indonesia – Garuda Indonesia Biro Sistem Informasi –
Badak NGL Co. – Delta Mitratel Asia – Aneka Tambang – Telkom Indonesia
My Daily Activities
Academe Office
Chairman of Stimik Perbanas
Kuningan, Jakarta Pusat
Consultant Office
CEO Prime Consulting Indonesia
Simprug, Jakarta Selatan
Research Office
Director Renaissance Indonesia
Kebayoran, Jakarta Selatan
Other Offices
University of Indonesia
Bina Nusantara University
Trisakti University
Atmajaya University
Universitas Pelita Harapan
Universitas Diponegoro
Universitas Sanata Dharma
ITS Surabaya
IPMI-Monash University
Lemhannas
BNN
My Masterpiece
Wife
B Elisabeth Dhany Retno Putri (Lisa A. Riyanto)
satu anak
“Satria Amadeus Indraputra”
$
$
$
Satria = “Prajurit””
Amadeus = “Cinta Tuhan”
”
Indraputra = “Putra Dewa Indra””
“Prajurit Tuhan yang Saleh”
”
Agenda for Today
Introduction
$
$
$
$
Fundamental of Digital Economy
The Trend of Information Technology
Developing the Knowledge-Based Society
Unleashing the Power of Internet
Q&A and Discussion
Digital Business
$ dig·i·tal busi·ness di-jəә-təәl biz-nəәs - noun.
$ The use of digital or information technology to transform
’s strategic options.
and significantly broaden a company’
$ The use of information technology to become unique…to
create and capture profits in new ways through strategic
differentiation.
$ The application of relevant digital technologies to create
new value propositions for customers, employees, and
shareholders.
Note: It is not simply about having a great web
site, a wired work force, great software, or a
separate e-business unit.
After Crossing the Bridge…
New Phonemena
OLD
ECONOMY
DIGITAL
ECONOMY
New Internet Economy
Ideology ?
Education ?
Politics ?
Culture ?
Social ?
Behavior ?
Business !
Religion ?
National Defense ?
OLD
ECONOMY
INTERNET
ECONOMY
Old Economy + New Technology
“Penghasilan
Sebesar-besarnya
dengan
Pengorbanan
Sekecil-kecilnya””
The Principle of
WEALTH
MAXIMIZATION
B It requires strategy because
of the scarce resources
B Resource = consist of atoms
which are limited by time and space
Temptation to Digitalize Everything
10010001
atom
bits
real things
text
image
audio
Bits characteristics:
- easy to duplicate
- cheap to produce
- fast to restructure
- good to represent
voice
abstract things
video
data
information
unlimited resources
knowledge
digital
economy
process
Internet Economy
Digital Economy + Internet Development =
INTERNET
ECONOMY
Paradigm Shifts in New Economy
1
Knowledge
Convergence
7
2
Digitization
Innovation
8
3
Virtualization
Prosumption
9
4
Molecularization
Immediacy
10
5
Integration/Internetworking
Globalization
11
6
Disintermediation
Discordance
12
Paradigm Shifts in New Economy continue
THEME
ECONOMY
ORGANISATION
Knowledge
Knowledge becomes an important element of
products
Knowledge work becomes the basis of value,
revenue, and profit
Digitization
Products and services’ forms are transformed
into ones and zeros format
Internal communication shifts from analog to
digital
Virtualization
Physical things (institution and relationship) can
become virtual
The business transformation into virtual
corporations type company
Molecularization
Replacement of the mass media into molecular
media
End of command-and-control hierarchy, shifting to
team-based, molecular structures
Internetworking
Networked economy with deep and reach
interconnections of economic entities
Integration of modular, independent,
organizational components for network of services
Disintermediation
Elimination of intermediaries and any stand
between producers and consumers
Elimination of middle managers, internal agents,
etc. who boost the communication signals
Paradigm Shifts in New Economy continue
THEME
ECONOMY
ORGANISATION
Convergence
Convergence of computing, communications, and
content
Convergence of organizational structures responsible
Innovation
Innovation becomes the key driver of business
success
The only sustainable advantage is organizational
learning
Prosumption
Gap between consumers and producers blurs in a
number of ways
Consumers of information and technology become
producers
Immediacy
It is a real-time economy that occurs at the speed of
light
Required a new real-time enterprise that can adjust to
changing business conditions
Globalization
Knowledge knows no boundaries, there is only a world
of economy
The new enterprise enables time and space
independence
Discordance
Massive social contradictions are arising
Profound organizational contradictions are arising
About the Knowledge Management
The Philosophy
of Knowledge
Management
What, Why, and How?
What is Knowledge Management ?
$
Knowledge n. 1. The state or fact of knowing. 2. Familiarity,
awareness, or understanding gained through experience or study.
3. That which is known; the sum or range of what has been
perceived, discovered, or inferred.
$
Management n. 1. The act, manner or practice of managing,
handling, or controlling something. 2. The person or persons who
manage a business establishment, organization or institution
Accenture Definition of Knowledge Management:
A systematic process for creating, acquiring, synthesizing,
sharing, using and distributing information, insights and
experiences to achieve your organizational goals.
Simple Definition
The practice of transforming
the intellectual assets of an
organization into business value
The Balance of Resources
Materials
Machines
Money
Four Ms Plus
Men
Information
Why Need Knowledge Management ?
$
Knowledge
Management (KM)
$
– evolves from the
concept of
organizational
learning
– with the aims
$ to handle the
resource
knowledge in a
better way
– in order to
$
$ improve the
organization skills
at all levels
this will lead to
$ more innovative
$ more efficient
organizations with a
higher capacity to act
Trends
– globalization (organization
networks) and competition
– stakeholder pressures
– cope with huge amount of
information and knowledge
– reduced product life cycle
– high innovation rate
– volatile market and industry
Challenges
– to understand knowledge as a
factor of production
– to realize that learning rate is
essential for successful
organizations
– avoid loss of knowledge
→ to build Learning Organizations
Paradigm Shift
Example of Knowledge
$
$
$
$
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
$
Through an example:
Raw facts
A collection of related data with context and perspective
Organized information that provides guidance or action
The understanding that permits knowledge to be used
– 1234567.89 is data.
– "Your bank balance has jumped 8087% to $1234567.89" is
information.
– "Nobody owes me that much money" is knowledge.
– "I'd better talk to the bank before I spend it, because of what
has happened to other people" is wisdom.
Philosophy of Knowledge Management
Organization
Growth
Increasing
Performance
Knowledge
Information
Raw Data
Learning
Organization
Transaction
The Knowledge Hierarchy
Knowledge
+ context, interpretation,
experience, reflection
Information
+ meaning, relevance,
purpose
Data
Why Information ?
Wisdom
+ governance
Knowledge
+ experience
Information
+ context
Data
+ procedure
Business Facts
INTELLIGENT PERSON
Wisdom
INTELLIGENT PERSON
+ wisdom
Knowledge
EXECUTIVES
+ experience
Information
LINE MANAGER
+ context
Data
SUPERVISOR
+ procedure
Business Facts
STAFF
2. Help Empowering the People
1. Help Creating the Intelligence
The Roles of Information Technology
The Problem of Knowledge
Explicit Knowledge
- Can be articulated
- Expressible in words and numbers
Tacit Knowledge
- Embedded in individual experience
- Highly personal
- Hard to articulate
[Source: Nonaka and Takeuchi]
The Knowledge Lifecycle
Manage
Create
Capture
(Re) Organize
Access
(Re)Use
Knowledge Management Application
Knowledge Management Architecture
Intelligent Manager Characteristics
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
They understand about the importance of knowledge
They are not scared of new technology
They will be learners
They will be good at helping others to learn
(coaches)
They will be leaders rather than being managers
They will be effective members of self-managing
teams
They will be hunter gatherers of information
They will be effective decision makers in the
absence of certainty
The Value of IT in Knowledge Management
$
To help the company in:
… delivering the right knowledge
to the right people
at the right time …
and
… the people will get the right
knowledge at the right time …
The Advise
Old Organization + Information Technology =
OLD and EXPENSIVE ORGANIZATION !!!
Thank You
Richardus Eko Indrajit
indrajit@rad.net.id
indrajit@post.harvard.edu
http://www.indradjit.com
Menuju Masyarakat Berbasis Pengetahuan
Sekolah Staf Pimpinan Bank Indonesia
Jakarta, 16 April 2004
About Myself
Name
Richardus Eko Indrajit
Date of Birth
24 Januari 1969
Zodiak
Aquarius
Home Address
Jalan Bangka VIII A No.4
Kemang, Jakarta 12720
Phone/Fax +62 21 7179-0028
HP +818 925-926
Email and Website
indrajit@post.harvard.edu
http://www.indradjit.com
My Education Background
$ Bachelor of Science from ITS Surabaya, Jawa Timur,
Indonesia
$ Master of Applied Computer Science from Harvard
University, Massachusetts, United States
– Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
– Boston University
$ Master of Business Administration from Leicester
University, Leicester, United Kingdom
$ Doctor of Business Administration from University of
the City of Manila, Intramuros, Philippines
$ Professorship Program for the Year 2004
$ Candidate Doctor of Philosophy at Maastricht School
of Management and Monash University
My Academic Activities
$ Chairman of STIMIK Perbanas
$ Faculty Member of Graduate School
– Bina Nusantara University – Curtin University of
Technology
– Atmajaya University
– IPMI – Monash University
– Pelita Harapan University
– University of Indonesia
– Diponegoro University
– Sanata Dharma University
$ Faculty Member of Undergraduate School
– Trisakti – Edith Cowan University
– STIMIK Veritas
– ITS Surabaya
My Works Experience
Current
$ Chief Executive Officer of PT Prima Mitranata
$ Chief Executive Officer of Computer-Aided Training Center
$ President Director of PT Renaissance Sentra Indonesia
$ President Director of PT Mitra Humanika Persada
$ Director of PT Veritas Informasi Prakarsa
$ Director of PT Peta Akses Cakrawala
Past
$ President Director of PT Mitra-Artec Prima Sejati
$ Information System Director of PT Macro-Data Internusa
$ General Manager of Training and Consulting, Jakarta Consulting
Group, Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Business Manager of Prosys Bangun Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Associate Director of Information Technology, Balai Lelang Indonesia,
Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Corporate Advisor, Rodamas, Jakarta, Indonesia
$ Consultant in Information Technology, Price Waterhouse, Jakarta,
Indonesia
$ Information System Manager, Intikarsa Mandiri, Surabaya, Indonesia
$ Inzepoket Group, Surabaya, Indonesia
My Consultancy Experience
PT Timah – PT PLN – Jakarta Stock Exchange – Federal International Finance –
Badan Urusan Logistik – PT Birotika Semesta (DHL) – Bapepam – Truba Jurong
– PT Krakatau Steel – PT Indo Baja Perkasa – Pupuk Kaltim – Direktorat Jendral
Pajak – RSUD Sidoarjo – PT Industri Sandang – Universitas Airlangga –
McDermott – Kyocera – PT Reka Patria – Astra Graphia – DMA Sattelite –
Pertamina – CV Trasindo Sistema Rekayasa – Universitas Dokter Soetomo – PT
Rekayasa Industri – Jardine Fleming Nusantara Finance – Andromeda Bank –
HITACHI – RCTI – Intirub – Indomilk – Bank Exim – Honda Federal – 2100
Singapore – Bank NISP – Panin Bank – Danareksa PT – PT Sentra Investasi
Danareksa – Pertamina – National Gobel – Toyota Astra Motors – Anchor Bay
USA – Multimedia Production Inc. – PT Procon Indah – BPPT – Colliers Jardine
– Raja Garuda Mas – Lines Ad – Binamark – PT C. U. T. – MPR Consultant –
Citra Audi Vistama – Pt Reebook Indonesia – Bridgestone – Pelnagi Indah
Kanindo - Nutrisari – Signpost Design – Wadyhabala – Sekolah Pelita Harapan
– Universitas Indonusa Esa Unggul – W.I. Carr – Meryll Lynch – PT Tripatra
Engineering – PT. Barata Indonesia – Garuda Indonesia Biro Sistem Informasi –
Badak NGL Co. – Delta Mitratel Asia – Aneka Tambang – Telkom Indonesia
My Daily Activities
Academe Office
Chairman of Stimik Perbanas
Kuningan, Jakarta Pusat
Consultant Office
CEO Prime Consulting Indonesia
Simprug, Jakarta Selatan
Research Office
Director Renaissance Indonesia
Kebayoran, Jakarta Selatan
Other Offices
University of Indonesia
Bina Nusantara University
Trisakti University
Atmajaya University
Universitas Pelita Harapan
Universitas Diponegoro
Universitas Sanata Dharma
ITS Surabaya
IPMI-Monash University
Lemhannas
BNN
My Masterpiece
Wife
B Elisabeth Dhany Retno Putri (Lisa A. Riyanto)
satu anak
“Satria Amadeus Indraputra”
$
$
$
Satria = “Prajurit””
Amadeus = “Cinta Tuhan”
”
Indraputra = “Putra Dewa Indra””
“Prajurit Tuhan yang Saleh”
”
Agenda for Today
Introduction
$
$
$
$
Fundamental of Digital Economy
The Trend of Information Technology
Developing the Knowledge-Based Society
Unleashing the Power of Internet
Q&A and Discussion
Digital Business
$ dig·i·tal busi·ness di-jəә-təәl biz-nəәs - noun.
$ The use of digital or information technology to transform
’s strategic options.
and significantly broaden a company’
$ The use of information technology to become unique…to
create and capture profits in new ways through strategic
differentiation.
$ The application of relevant digital technologies to create
new value propositions for customers, employees, and
shareholders.
Note: It is not simply about having a great web
site, a wired work force, great software, or a
separate e-business unit.
After Crossing the Bridge…
New Phonemena
OLD
ECONOMY
DIGITAL
ECONOMY
New Internet Economy
Ideology ?
Education ?
Politics ?
Culture ?
Social ?
Behavior ?
Business !
Religion ?
National Defense ?
OLD
ECONOMY
INTERNET
ECONOMY
Old Economy + New Technology
“Penghasilan
Sebesar-besarnya
dengan
Pengorbanan
Sekecil-kecilnya””
The Principle of
WEALTH
MAXIMIZATION
B It requires strategy because
of the scarce resources
B Resource = consist of atoms
which are limited by time and space
Temptation to Digitalize Everything
10010001
atom
bits
real things
text
image
audio
Bits characteristics:
- easy to duplicate
- cheap to produce
- fast to restructure
- good to represent
voice
abstract things
video
data
information
unlimited resources
knowledge
digital
economy
process
Internet Economy
Digital Economy + Internet Development =
INTERNET
ECONOMY
Paradigm Shifts in New Economy
1
Knowledge
Convergence
7
2
Digitization
Innovation
8
3
Virtualization
Prosumption
9
4
Molecularization
Immediacy
10
5
Integration/Internetworking
Globalization
11
6
Disintermediation
Discordance
12
Paradigm Shifts in New Economy continue
THEME
ECONOMY
ORGANISATION
Knowledge
Knowledge becomes an important element of
products
Knowledge work becomes the basis of value,
revenue, and profit
Digitization
Products and services’ forms are transformed
into ones and zeros format
Internal communication shifts from analog to
digital
Virtualization
Physical things (institution and relationship) can
become virtual
The business transformation into virtual
corporations type company
Molecularization
Replacement of the mass media into molecular
media
End of command-and-control hierarchy, shifting to
team-based, molecular structures
Internetworking
Networked economy with deep and reach
interconnections of economic entities
Integration of modular, independent,
organizational components for network of services
Disintermediation
Elimination of intermediaries and any stand
between producers and consumers
Elimination of middle managers, internal agents,
etc. who boost the communication signals
Paradigm Shifts in New Economy continue
THEME
ECONOMY
ORGANISATION
Convergence
Convergence of computing, communications, and
content
Convergence of organizational structures responsible
Innovation
Innovation becomes the key driver of business
success
The only sustainable advantage is organizational
learning
Prosumption
Gap between consumers and producers blurs in a
number of ways
Consumers of information and technology become
producers
Immediacy
It is a real-time economy that occurs at the speed of
light
Required a new real-time enterprise that can adjust to
changing business conditions
Globalization
Knowledge knows no boundaries, there is only a world
of economy
The new enterprise enables time and space
independence
Discordance
Massive social contradictions are arising
Profound organizational contradictions are arising
About the Knowledge Management
The Philosophy
of Knowledge
Management
What, Why, and How?
What is Knowledge Management ?
$
Knowledge n. 1. The state or fact of knowing. 2. Familiarity,
awareness, or understanding gained through experience or study.
3. That which is known; the sum or range of what has been
perceived, discovered, or inferred.
$
Management n. 1. The act, manner or practice of managing,
handling, or controlling something. 2. The person or persons who
manage a business establishment, organization or institution
Accenture Definition of Knowledge Management:
A systematic process for creating, acquiring, synthesizing,
sharing, using and distributing information, insights and
experiences to achieve your organizational goals.
Simple Definition
The practice of transforming
the intellectual assets of an
organization into business value
The Balance of Resources
Materials
Machines
Money
Four Ms Plus
Men
Information
Why Need Knowledge Management ?
$
Knowledge
Management (KM)
$
– evolves from the
concept of
organizational
learning
– with the aims
$ to handle the
resource
knowledge in a
better way
– in order to
$
$ improve the
organization skills
at all levels
this will lead to
$ more innovative
$ more efficient
organizations with a
higher capacity to act
Trends
– globalization (organization
networks) and competition
– stakeholder pressures
– cope with huge amount of
information and knowledge
– reduced product life cycle
– high innovation rate
– volatile market and industry
Challenges
– to understand knowledge as a
factor of production
– to realize that learning rate is
essential for successful
organizations
– avoid loss of knowledge
→ to build Learning Organizations
Paradigm Shift
Example of Knowledge
$
$
$
$
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
$
Through an example:
Raw facts
A collection of related data with context and perspective
Organized information that provides guidance or action
The understanding that permits knowledge to be used
– 1234567.89 is data.
– "Your bank balance has jumped 8087% to $1234567.89" is
information.
– "Nobody owes me that much money" is knowledge.
– "I'd better talk to the bank before I spend it, because of what
has happened to other people" is wisdom.
Philosophy of Knowledge Management
Organization
Growth
Increasing
Performance
Knowledge
Information
Raw Data
Learning
Organization
Transaction
The Knowledge Hierarchy
Knowledge
+ context, interpretation,
experience, reflection
Information
+ meaning, relevance,
purpose
Data
Why Information ?
Wisdom
+ governance
Knowledge
+ experience
Information
+ context
Data
+ procedure
Business Facts
INTELLIGENT PERSON
Wisdom
INTELLIGENT PERSON
+ wisdom
Knowledge
EXECUTIVES
+ experience
Information
LINE MANAGER
+ context
Data
SUPERVISOR
+ procedure
Business Facts
STAFF
2. Help Empowering the People
1. Help Creating the Intelligence
The Roles of Information Technology
The Problem of Knowledge
Explicit Knowledge
- Can be articulated
- Expressible in words and numbers
Tacit Knowledge
- Embedded in individual experience
- Highly personal
- Hard to articulate
[Source: Nonaka and Takeuchi]
The Knowledge Lifecycle
Manage
Create
Capture
(Re) Organize
Access
(Re)Use
Knowledge Management Application
Knowledge Management Architecture
Intelligent Manager Characteristics
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
They understand about the importance of knowledge
They are not scared of new technology
They will be learners
They will be good at helping others to learn
(coaches)
They will be leaders rather than being managers
They will be effective members of self-managing
teams
They will be hunter gatherers of information
They will be effective decision makers in the
absence of certainty
The Value of IT in Knowledge Management
$
To help the company in:
… delivering the right knowledge
to the right people
at the right time …
and
… the people will get the right
knowledge at the right time …
The Advise
Old Organization + Information Technology =
OLD and EXPENSIVE ORGANIZATION !!!
Thank You
Richardus Eko Indrajit
indrajit@rad.net.id
indrajit@post.harvard.edu
http://www.indradjit.com