effectiveness of game technique, so that it might become a stimulus for further researcher to design better material.
F. Definition of Terms
There are several terms used in this thesis which need to be clarified to avoid misinterpretation.
1. Design
Design refers to developed plan to guide educational activity in a situation Houle, 1978: 230. Then designing is the same as creating a new set of materials
that fits the learning objectives and specific subject area of particular learners Hutchinson and Waters, 1994: 106. In this study, design refers to developed plan
of a new set of materials to guide educational activity in specific area of particular learners to reach the learning objectives.
2. Reading
Reading is used as the basis to teach other language skills Bright and McGregor, 1970: 52. They said that general knowledge depends on reading. It
means that by reading, people can obtain a lot of information from books, articles, newspapers, and magazines so that they can learn science and technology better.
In this study, reading refers to comprehending or understanding a passage the students read. Moreover, it is through reading that they are able to understand
the message meant in the text.
3. Instructional materials
Instructional materials are materials planned or designed by the teacher for instruction Dick and Carey, 1990. In this study, instructional material is a set of
units arranged based on the level of difficulties used by the teacher, while the students as the focus of discussion in teaching learning activities. A wide variety
of instructional materials have been used to sustain communicative approaches to language teaching. Therefore, the materials have the primary role of promoting
communicative language use.
4. Games
Games is an aid and alternative to reduce tension in a classroom atmosphere and it is intended to help learner understand the lesson while using it
in real interaction with peers Heinich, 1992: 300. In this study, “games” refer to reading practices in order to review all materials they have just studied so they
will have longer memorization in comprehending the lesson. It is assumed that by using the games, the students’ extrinsic and intrinsic motivation can be aroused.
Games, in this study, is an activity in which the learners do something to communicate to others their understanding, their feelings and their ideas, rather
than just a response that is private Wright, 2006: 94. The students’ response is not only to understand the reading passage but also to communicate their
understanding to others. The students attain the response through an interesting ways of learning games.
5. Santa Maria Elementary School
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