Perception Review on Related Theories

13 Then, the next step is free writing. Free writing is an individual activity for getting thoughts from students’ head on to paper. How to explain the concept of stream of consciousness and tell students that free writing is easy become the challenge that teachers must be face. Next, the important part is journalistic questions. Teachers should be able to explain journalistic questions by reviewing the question words: who, what, where, when, why and how. The last one is cluster mapping. It shows relationships between ideas. English teachers must be able to facilitate the students in this part because cluster mapping does not only talking about teacher’s teaching abilities to explain about this concept but also the students must also be able to identify whether their written products are related and well-structured or not. Teacher must have at least examples of English text types which are clear and well-structured. To make the learning media the researcher needs these theories to make sure that the media contains those techniques. They are also required to make sure that the learning media is proper enough to be a source of knowledge. The use of Text Types Board for both teaching reading and writing techniques is as a first source of knowledge and as a reference for students. Text Types Board as a first source of knowledge means when students need a source of knowledge for the first time, Text Types Board can facilitate them in learning types of text in English. Text Types Board as a reference of learning means this learning media can also stimulate their independent learning. They can use Text Types Board as a validator for their work while reading or writing about text types in English. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 14

g. Motivation

According to Nevid 2013 motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes human to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. Theory of motivation is important for the researcher because one of the purposes of the research is to increase students’ interest in learning text types in English. Through this theory, the researcher wants to make the learning media interesting, so it can increase the students’ motivation to learn English.

B. Theoretical Framework

According to Kurikulum 2013, types of text that would be learned by junior high school students are narrative, recount, descriptive, report, and procedure text. This study dealt with designing a set of Text type Board. This learning media can help the students get the information about text typesin English. To conduct this research, the researcher needed several theories to solve the research problems. The first one is theory of young adolescent by Wilson and Horch 2002. The researcher paid attention to some factors affecting the students’ understanding about text types. Since students in junior high school are young adolescents, teachers have to know about developmental characteristics of young adolescents that have been grouped into four categories: physical, intellectual, social, and emotional. Especially in intellectual areas. This theory helped the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI