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literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity.
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Perrine defines the figure of speech in the book of Sound and Sense, “Figure of Speech is anyway of saying something other than the ordinary way”
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the usage of figure of speech is the special way to get special intention of something that said
special, it means that the usage of literary work is not taken literally. The advantages have been widely known that everybody uses it all the time in attempt to give
freshness to what they say. The figure of speech is in need because it attracts attention and more forceful,
easier to be remember and encourages reflection, it is better for illustration, and it also can simplify the complex word.
Numbers of figure of speech that used by most people, there are:
1. Simile
Simile is specific comparison by means of the word “like” or “as” between two kinds of ideas or objects like a metaphor, simile also compares two
different things, but it uses a connotative word. Simile is a figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. The
comparison is made explicit by the uses of some words or phrases as “like, as, than, similar, or resembles, or seems”
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Simile is a direct, expressed comparison between two things essentially unlike, but resembling each other in at least one aspect. It is a device both of art
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Figure of speech, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, November 6
th
2009. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikifigure of speech, p.1
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Laurence Perrine, Sound and Sense London: Harcourt Brace College Publisher, 1991 p.61
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Ibid p.28
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and explanation, comparing the unfamiliar thing to be explained to some familiar thing known to the reader. As the example “she floated in like a cloud”
2. Metaphor
Metaphor is usage word or phrase, it is indicate one kind of idea or object to replace other word or phrase for suggestion of likeness between the two.
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Figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object idea is used in place of another dissimilar objectidea to suggest a likeness;
ascribing to the first some of qualities of the second. Unlike a simile or analogy, metaphor asserts that one thing is another
thing, not just that one is like another and the emphasized laid on the quality between the comparative signifiers.
Based on the appearance of the comparative words, there are two kinds of metaphor. One, explicit metaphor, is marked with the appearance of two
comparative words. For example from the line of Robert Herrick’s poem below; You are tulip seen today,
but dearest, of short a stay there were you grew scarce man can say
Herrick uses metaphor to express his feeling to his sweetheart. He images his sweetheart with beautiful and charming tulip. Here both the comparative
words appear, “you” girl between “tulip” are explicit. Other kind of metaphor is the implicit metaphor, which its form based on
shift of meaning. Same as simile, in metaphor, there are 2 comparative words. However, one of the comparative word doesn’t appear or implicit. This feature
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Figure of speech, Microsoft encharta 2009. Nov 8
th
2009. p. 1 http:www.encarta.com.
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causes change the reference and shift of meaning, so it causes the matter of collocation, the compatibility of meaning of two or some unit of linguistic that
appears series in the same utterance. This thing may be the problem of understanding in metaphor. For example, “a dirty dog stole my money”, the word
“dirty dog” is one of the comparative word, but it is not collocated with the word “steal money” because literally the dog animal has no meaning to steal the
money, thus the word “dirty dog” have the shift meaning followed with the word “steal money” change the reference to the “man” that can use the money and steal
the money full of tricks just like the character of a dirty dog. Here the comparative component aspects have the same quality of meaning.
Metaphor and simile are both terms that describe comparison things that are essentially unlike: the only difference between a metaphor and simile is that a
simile makes the comparison explicit by using some words or phrase such as like, similar to, or seems; while in metaphor the identity asserts without such a
connective.
3. Personification
