c. Cooperative Learning Method
According to Kagan 2009, a good teaching is the design and delivery of a good lesson. Good teaching is student-centered, focusing on learning not
teaching. In order to make a good teaching, Kagan 2009 proposes some
methods. He calls the Cooperative learning methods as Structures. Structure
is a way the teacher organized the interaction among the teacher, the students and the learning in the classroom. The structures are designed to promote
achievement, engagement, thinking skills and social skills. Cooperative structures maximize student interaction with each other
and with the academic content. There are more than 200 cooperative learning structures which have been developed and will continue to be developed more.
The list of structures is long and there are many methods from which to choose. However, many structures fit into multiple categories. There is no one
right way to develop cooperative learning, and teachers must choose models and methods that match their particular teaching styles, students, and lesson
content. In order to help teachers to find the best structures are particularly
good for producing learning outcomes. Kagan 2009 categorizes structures into 10 categories by their functions. Five of them are used to develop
interpersonal skills and the others to develop academic skills. Interpersonal functions categories include 1. class building 2. team building 3. social skills
4. communication skills and decision-making while 6. knowledge building
7. procedure learning 8. processsing information 9. thinking skills and 10. presenting information are included in academic functions.
Here are some Kagan Stuctures cited from Kagan 2009. 1.
Carousel Feedback : Teams rotate from project to leave feedback for
other teams. 2.
RallyCoach : Partners take turns, one solving a problem while
the other coaches. 3.
RoundRobin : Students take turns responding orally. In Round
Robin, students take turns in their team. 4.
Simultaneous RoundTable
: In essence, students take turns contributing to the group in written form. For RoundTable
there is usually one piece of paper and one pen for a team. One student makes a contribution in
a particular time and then passes the paper and pen to the student on his her left. The paper or
pen literally goes around the table. 5.
Inside-Outside Circle
: Students stand in two concentric circles. Students in the inside circle face out, and
students in the outside circle face in so each students is facing a partner in the other circle.
When done, the teacher tells them how many to rotate. Then, they face a new partner and do the
task with their new partner. 6.
Timed Pair Share : In pairs, students share with a partner for a
predetermined time while the partner listens. Then partner switch roles.
d. Major Benefits of Cooperative Learning
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