The Theoretical Framework LITERATURE REVIEW

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter focuses on the discussion of Research Method, Research Participants, Setting, Research Instruments, Data Gathering Techniques, Data Analysis, and Research Procedures.

A. Research Method

This study is a descriptive study. Whitney as quoted in Nasir states that research is classified into descriptive when the intention of the research is to find facts with an accurate interpretation Nasir 1988: 63. Meanwhile, Sprinthall states that the main purpose of descriptive research is description. It is applied to particular types of population to measure one or more variables which be used to describe the interests of the group 1991:98. Descriptive study deals with current situation Nasir, 1988: 64. It is conducted to attain as much information from the learners and textbooks as the foundation to design the materials. The study approach of this research is descriptive survey. Descriptive survey involves asking the same set of questions to a large number of individuals by mail, telephone, or in person Fraenkel and Wallen, 1993: 342. Meanwhile, Sprinthall adds that the intention of the survey is to get information from samples occasionally, even some populations by using questionnaires or interview 1991: 3. There are two kinds of survey study in this research, which are:

1. Survey Study for Needs Survey

The first survey is used in conducting needs survey in order to elicit information about the learners’ wants, lacks, and necessities in learning English. It was conducted by observing, distributing and gathering questionnaires, and interviewing the personnel of Kaban Group Shop. The information is focused on: a. The personnel information about the research participants b. The use of English for the research participants c. The topic of the materials that are related to their work d. The participants’ opinions about English course and time available

2. Survey Study for Evaluation on the Designed Materials

The second survey is conducted to gather information from the appropriate and qualified participants to get opinions and feedback on the designed materials. It was conducted by distributing and gathering questionnaires and interviewing one English lecturer and four English instructors who have experience in teaching ESP.

B. Research Participants

There are two kinds of participants. The first is the participants of needs survey and the second is the participants of materials evaluation survey.

1. The Participants of Needs Survey

The method of sampling for the participants of needs survey is quota method. The participants of needs survey were 30 people, including the shopkeepers and the shop assistants of Kaban Group Shop. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2. The Participants of Materials Evaluation Survey

The method of sampling for the participants of the designed materials evaluation survey is purposive method. The participants of materials evaluation survey were one lecturer from English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and three English instructors from several English courses in Yogyakarta. This method is chosen based on the perspective that the participants of materials evaluation survey have the necessary knowledge and understanding about the appropriate English materials of ESP since they have taught ESP for more than 5 years.

C. Setting

The study was conducted in Kaban Group Shop that is located at Pusat Grosir Pasar Pagi Mangga Dua, Lantai Dasar, Blok C, No: 76-77, Jakarta. The study was also conducted at the branches of Kaban Group Shop. The first branch is Ruhi Jaya Kaban Shop, located in ITC Mangga Dua, Lantai Dasar, Blok C, No: 1, Jakarta. The second branch is Eva Kaban Shop, located in Pusat Grosir Pasar Pagi Mangga Dua, Lantai Dasar, Blok C, No: 78-80, Jakarta. The third branch is Kevin Brema Shop, located in Pusat Grosir Pasar Pagi Mangga Dua, Lantai Dasar, Blok B, No: 185, Jakarta. The time needed for the observation and interviews was around 3 weeks from 8 th – 30 th of April 2006. The specific time for the observation was on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 1 to 4 pm. The specific time for distributing questionnaires was on 28 th – 30 th of April 2006. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

D. Research Instruments

Research instruments are tools which are used to gather information. Research instruments used in this study is interview guide and questionnaire.

1. Interview

Seliger and Shohamy state that an interview is conducted to obtain information by actually talking to the subject 1989: 166. In this study, interviews were conducted with the 5 personnel of Kaban Group Shop.

2. Questionnaire

Seliger and Shohamy state that questionnaire is a printed list for the data collection, which contain questions or statement for the subject to response 1989: 172. In short, it is a list of questions and answers. The questionnaires were distributed to gain participants’ opinions on the course. Based on the questionnaires result, some revisions and improvements were conducted. In this study, the questionnaires were given by using Indonesian, so the learners could understand the questions. Best 1970: 179 classifies the range of the point of agreement from 1 – 5. He also provides the interpretation of point of agreement, which is presented below. Range Meaning 1.00 – 1.99 Replace the rejected part of the design 2.00 – 2.99 Add more part or modify part of the design based on the lack on the statement 3.00 – 3.99 Conduct more exploration on the existing part of the design based on the statement 4.00 – 5.00 No revision Table 2: The Interpretation of the Degree of Agreement PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI