15 what he or she does, and does not about what the students learn. This learning
process emphasizes what the instructors do often leads to the students who are passive learners and who do not take responsibility for their own learning.
Educators call this traditional method, “instructor-centered teaching.” In contrast, “learner-centered teaching” occurs when instructors focus on student learning
Blumberg, 2004. Besides, in the student-centered learning, the students have high level of
choices to be active because they can have some chances to choose or determine what they want to do in the learning process. For example, when the teacher asks
the students to make a conversation based on a situation, the students can decide what character they want to be, and it can build the students’ creativity. So, the
power is primarily in the students with the teacher’s assistance. In this study, the researcher combines those learning processes. In giving
the materials and the drilling session, the researcher uses teacher-centered learning because the researcher needs to guide the students to pronounce English words
correctly. In practicing and performing the dialogues, the researcher employs students-centered learning. It is because the researcher wants to give more
chances to the students to determine what the students want to be in the dialogues.
b. Speaking for Communication
The ability to speak English well is important for students to succeed in the working world. This is what should been couraged to try to improve skills that
include its knowledge, skills, work experiences, and mastery language. Based on Keith 2003, the company-a company that currently prioritizes those who skilled
16 and also have the ability to speak English – “needs English becomes an important
factor as well as a benchmark in the world of work”. English is a good factor to determine the quality of a person in the working world.
There are several facts which state that English language is crucial. According to Keith 2003, over 80 of the information stored in the worlds
computers is in English. More than half of the worlds scientific journals are in English and English is the main language on the Internet, films, and songs. Those
statements show that English is very important as a language of instruction to communicate with others. Some companies currently require the human resources
who are capable in speaking English and also have good pronunciation, because a lot of information is provided in English.
On the other hand, Canale and Swain 1980 and Canale 1983 state that communicative competence as a synthesis of a knowledge system and skill needed
for communication. Canale and Swain 1980 and Canale 1983 add that “in the concept of communicative competence, knowledge refers to the conscious or
unconscious knowledge of an individual about language and about other aspects of language use” p. 13. Based on their explanations, there are three types of
knowledge, those are knowledge of grammar in a language, knowledge of the use of the language in context to communicate, and knowledge of how the
combination with communicative utterances. Those types of knowledge proposed to communice with others.
Based on Paultson 1976, communicative competence is taken to be the indicators or objectives of a language teaching in the classroom p. 55.
17 Communicative competence related to the goal of the learning that must be
achieved by the students in learning language. After the students have done the process of not knowing to knowing, the students need the communicative
competence to be applied in their life. In this way, communicative competence is the goal which should be built to the students’ speaking skill.
c. Teaching Speaking for
