Research Design METHOD OF RESEARCH

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

In this thesis, descriptive qualitative research is used. Qualitative method is a method concludes the data and the results by words Bogdan and Taylor 1975:5 explain that qualitative method is a research procedure that descriptive data such as written word or verbal expression from the people and their behavior that have been observed. Neuman 1997:331 classified six characteristics of a qualitative research: 1. The importance of context. Qualitative researchers emphasize the importance of social context for understanding the social world. They hold that the meaning of a social action or statement depends, in an important way, on the context in which it appears. When a researcher removes an event, social action, answer to a question, or conversation from the social context in which it appears, or ignore the context, social meaning and significance are distorted. 2. The case study method. The researchers might gather a large amount of information on one or a few cases, go into greater depth, and get more details on the cases being examined. 3. The researcher’s integrity. The researchers ensure that their research accurately reflects the evidence and have checks on their evidence. 4. Grounded theory. A qualitative researcher begins with a research question and little else. Theory develops during the data collection process. This more Universitas Sumatera Utara inductive method means that the theory is built from data or grounded in the data. 5. Process. Qualitative researchers look at the sequence of events and pay attention to what happens first, second, and so on. Because qualitative researchers examine the same case over time, they can see an issue involve, a conflict emerge, or a social relationship develop. The researcher can detect process and casual relations. 6. Interpretations. The data are in the form of word, including quotes or descriptions of particular events. The researcher interprets data by giving them meaning, translating them, or making them understandable. In research method, library research also is used in this thesis. Some books which are related to the topic of this thesis are used. The primary source of the data acquired from the novel entitled The Lord of the Rings. First, the writer read the novel as the source of data of the moral base on the some characters. The secondary data is drawn from other books as references which are concerned about the moral in the literary work especially novel. Then the writer used some books as references which are concerned about the moral to understand the moral. And some data that found from the internet are also used as the supporting references in finishing this thesis. Data will be collected and selected before it is analyzed. And finally, the conclusion of the data will be made to support the ideas of the researcher. Theory is used in this thesis is theory of Altruism. Universitas Sumatera Utara

3.2 Data Collection