22 Jung Feist and Feist, 2009, pp. 120-122 also believed that personality
develops through a series of stages that culminate in self-realization or individuation. He grouped the stages of life into four general periods and depicted
it through the journey of the sun in the sky with brightness of the sun respresenting the consciousness. The first period, depicted as the sun in the early
morning, is the childhood stage. This stage is full of potential, but lacks of consciousness. The second stage, the youth stage, is represented by the morning
sun climbing toward the zenith. This period started from puberty until the middle life, showing the unaware of the upcoming decline. The early afternoon sun
represents the third stage, middle life. Middle life is brilliant, full of consciousness, but obviously headed for the sunset. The sunset depicted the last
stage of the personality development, the old age. Its one bright consciousness is now markedly dimmed. The depiction of the journey of the sun in the sky also
tells us the experiences underwent by people in their lives. How they gain values, ideas and meaning in their life will help them shape their personalities.
c. Factors Affecting Personality Development
A man is not born as a person. The infant has to gain many experiences and many factors in order to possess the personality. According to Jess Feist Feist and
Feist, 2009: 9-10 many psychologists agree that a person’s trait and personality has a genetic component. It can be passed down through genetic inheritance.
However, genes are not the only one which take the responsibility for a person’s personality. Personality is a complex trait. It is influenced by many different
genetic and enviromental factors. Personality traits are also polygenic. It means PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
23 that multiple genes are needed and involved in determining a person’s trait. There
are many psychologists who believe that the development of a person’s personality is influenced by many factors and determinants. According to Sinha
2016, there are three factors influencing personality development:
1 Biological Factors
Biological factors do not take much part on helping a person develop his personality. Its influences are limited and indirect, including genetic, hereditary
factors, physical appearance and physique and rate of maturation Sinha, 2016. The characteristics, such as aggressiveness, nervousness, timidity and sociability,
are strongly influenced by genetic endowment. The children reliably classified as active, moderately active or quiet are the differences attributable to hereditary
endowments, although training and learning may produce noticable modifications. Here, the environment and culture also take a decisive role.
The physical appearance and physique also influence the development of personality. According to Kretschmer Hurlock, 1974, there are three main types
of a person’s physical appearance that are related to the development of personality. The first type is called pyknic, who has a round body build, short
neck, fat face, broad trunk, and short arms and legs, and also has a tendency to put on weight. A person of this type tends to be extroverted, with oscilliation of mood
and cycles of depression and elation alternating with normal mood states. In the elated states, they are jolly, cheerful, and sociable, but this mood is soon replaced
by a state of depression in which they are quiet, calm, and moody. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
