Uji Toksisitas Subkronik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kedongdong Pagar (Lannea Coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr)Pada Organ Hati Mencit Jantan
UJI TOKSISITAS SUBKRONIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN
KEDONGDONG PAGAR (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr)
PADA ORGAN HATI MENCIT JANTAN
ABSTRAK
Uji toksisitas subkronik merupakan pengujian untuk mendeteksi efek toksik
yang muncul setelah pemberian zat uji dengan dosis yang berulang pada hewan uji
selama 28-90 hari.Daun kedongdong pagar berkhasiat sebagai antiinflammasi,
antilambung, menyembuhkan luka, antimikroba, dan antidiabetes.Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keamanan dosis pada ekstrak etanol daun
kedongdong pagar.
Serbuk simplisia dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%dan diuapkan
dengan rotary evaporator ± 40oC selanjutnya ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji
toksisitas subkroniknya menggunakan mencit sebanyak 24 ekor dibagi dalam 4
kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakuan diberikan secara oral
setiap hari selama 28 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari meliputi gejala klinis,
berat badan, kematian mencit, pengukuran kadar SGPT,kadar SGOT, serta
histopatologi organ hatikemudiandilakukan analisis statistik dengan uji ANOVA
menggunakan Statistical Program Service Solution (SPSS) versi 19.
Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ditemukan gejala toksik pada
kelompok kontrol (Na-CMC 0,5%) dan kelompok ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong
pagar dosis 250 mg/kg bb, sedangkan padadosis 500 mg/kg bb dan dosis 1000
mg/kg bb ditemukan gejala toksik. Hasil analisis berat badan dan berat organ relatif
menunjukkan tidakada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kenaikan berat badan dan
peningkatan berat organ relatif dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong
pagar (p>0,05). Mencit yang mati tidak dijumpai pada kelompok kontrol dan
kelompok ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagardosis 250 mg/kg bb, sedangkan
dosis 500 mg/kg bb dan 1000 mg/kg bb dijumpai ada mencit yang mati selama
pemberian sediaan uji. Hasil analisis rata-rata kadar SGPT terdapat perbedaan yang
signifikan antara semua kelompok perlakuan (p< 0,05). Kelompok kontrol (45,83
UI/l) dan kelompokEkstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar dosis 250 mg/kg bb
(55,17 UI/l), rata-rata kadar SGPT dari kedua kelompok ini masih dalam batas
normal. Kelompok ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar dosis 500 mg/kg bb
(83,5 UI/l) dan dosis 1000 mg/kg bb (92,50 UI/l) melewati batas normal. Hasil
analisis rata-rata kadar SGOT terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara semua
kelompok perlakuan (p< 0,05). Kelompok kontrol (245,33UI/l) dankelompok
ekstrak etanol daun kedondong pagar dosis 250 mg/kg bb (255,5 UI/l), rata-rata
kadar SGOT dari kedua kelompok ini masih dalam batas normal.
KelompokEkstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar dosis 500 mg/kg bb (301,25
UI/l), dan dosis 1000 mg/kg bb (314 UI/l) melewati batas normal. Hasil
makropatologi dan histopatologi organ hati pada kelompok kontrol ekstrak etanol
daun kedongdong pagar dan dosis 250 mg/kg bb tidak dijumpai perubahan organ
sedang dosis 500 dan 1000 mg/kg bb dijumpai perubahan organ, yang berarti
ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar toksik pada dosis 500 dan 1000 mg/kg bb.
Kata kunci : toksisitas, subkronik, hati, daun kedondong pagar
vi
SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TESTS ETANOL EXTRACT OF
LEAF KEDONGDONG PAGAR (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.)
Merr) IN ORGANS LIVER MALE MICE
ABSTRACT
Subchronic toxicity is a test to detect the toxic effects that appear after
administration of the test substance with repeated doses in animal for 28-90
days.The kedongdong pagar leaves can be used as antiinflamation, antiulcer,
wound healing, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic.The aim of this study was to
determine the safety dose of ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves.
Simplex powder was macerated by ethanol 70% and evaporated by using
rotary evaporator± 40oC then obtained extract was tested for its subchronic toxicity
using 24 mice which were divided into 4 groups: control group was given CMC Na
0.5%, the treatment groups which were given with ethanol extract of kedongdong
pagar leaves dose 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW which were administered orally
everyday for 28 days. Observations were conducted everyday including toxic
symptoms, weight loss, death, measurement of SGPT level, SGOT level,
macropathology and histopathology of liver then data were analyzed by ANOVA
using the Statistical Program Service Solution (SPSS) version 19.
The results showed that the control group and ethanol extract of kedongdong
pagar leaves dose 250 mg/kgBW group has no toxic symptoms, while dose
500mg/kg BW group anddose 1000 mg/kg BW group showed toxic symptoms.
Result of body weight and relative organ weights analysis showed no significant
difference in weight gain and increased organ weight relative within treatment
groups given various dose of ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves (p >
0.05). The death mice was not founded in the control group and ethanol extract of
kedongdong pagar leaves dose 250mg/kg BW group, while in dose 500 mg/kg BW
group and dose 1000 mg/kgBW group was founded the death mice. Result of
SGPT level analysis showed significant differences within all groups (p < 0.05).
The control group was 45.83 IU/l and ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves
dose 250 mg/kg BW group was 55.17 IU/l, SGPT level of these two groups were
still in the normal state. Ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves dose 500
mg/kg BW group was 83,5 IU/l and dose 1000 mg/kg BW group was 92.50 IU/l,
SGPT level of these two was exceeds the ranges of normal state. Result of SGOT
level analysis showed significant differences within all groups (p < 0.05). The
control group was 245.33 IU/l, and ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves
dose 250 mg/kgBW group was 255.50 IU/l, SGOT level of these two groups were
still in the normal state. ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves dose 500
mg/kg BW group was 301.25 IU/l and dose 1000 mg/kg BW group was 314 IU/l,
SGOT level of these groups exceeds the ranges of normal state. Macropathology
and histopathology of liver result in the control group and treatment groups given
with ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves dose 250 mg/kg BW showed no
changed while dose 500 and 1000 mg/kgBW showed changed organ, which mean
ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves were toxic at dose 500 and 1000
mg/kgBW.
Keyword : toxcicity,subchronic,liver, kedongdong pagar leaves
vii
KEDONGDONG PAGAR (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr)
PADA ORGAN HATI MENCIT JANTAN
ABSTRAK
Uji toksisitas subkronik merupakan pengujian untuk mendeteksi efek toksik
yang muncul setelah pemberian zat uji dengan dosis yang berulang pada hewan uji
selama 28-90 hari.Daun kedongdong pagar berkhasiat sebagai antiinflammasi,
antilambung, menyembuhkan luka, antimikroba, dan antidiabetes.Tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keamanan dosis pada ekstrak etanol daun
kedongdong pagar.
Serbuk simplisia dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%dan diuapkan
dengan rotary evaporator ± 40oC selanjutnya ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji
toksisitas subkroniknya menggunakan mencit sebanyak 24 ekor dibagi dalam 4
kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakuan diberikan secara oral
setiap hari selama 28 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari meliputi gejala klinis,
berat badan, kematian mencit, pengukuran kadar SGPT,kadar SGOT, serta
histopatologi organ hatikemudiandilakukan analisis statistik dengan uji ANOVA
menggunakan Statistical Program Service Solution (SPSS) versi 19.
Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ditemukan gejala toksik pada
kelompok kontrol (Na-CMC 0,5%) dan kelompok ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong
pagar dosis 250 mg/kg bb, sedangkan padadosis 500 mg/kg bb dan dosis 1000
mg/kg bb ditemukan gejala toksik. Hasil analisis berat badan dan berat organ relatif
menunjukkan tidakada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kenaikan berat badan dan
peningkatan berat organ relatif dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong
pagar (p>0,05). Mencit yang mati tidak dijumpai pada kelompok kontrol dan
kelompok ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagardosis 250 mg/kg bb, sedangkan
dosis 500 mg/kg bb dan 1000 mg/kg bb dijumpai ada mencit yang mati selama
pemberian sediaan uji. Hasil analisis rata-rata kadar SGPT terdapat perbedaan yang
signifikan antara semua kelompok perlakuan (p< 0,05). Kelompok kontrol (45,83
UI/l) dan kelompokEkstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar dosis 250 mg/kg bb
(55,17 UI/l), rata-rata kadar SGPT dari kedua kelompok ini masih dalam batas
normal. Kelompok ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar dosis 500 mg/kg bb
(83,5 UI/l) dan dosis 1000 mg/kg bb (92,50 UI/l) melewati batas normal. Hasil
analisis rata-rata kadar SGOT terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara semua
kelompok perlakuan (p< 0,05). Kelompok kontrol (245,33UI/l) dankelompok
ekstrak etanol daun kedondong pagar dosis 250 mg/kg bb (255,5 UI/l), rata-rata
kadar SGOT dari kedua kelompok ini masih dalam batas normal.
KelompokEkstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar dosis 500 mg/kg bb (301,25
UI/l), dan dosis 1000 mg/kg bb (314 UI/l) melewati batas normal. Hasil
makropatologi dan histopatologi organ hati pada kelompok kontrol ekstrak etanol
daun kedongdong pagar dan dosis 250 mg/kg bb tidak dijumpai perubahan organ
sedang dosis 500 dan 1000 mg/kg bb dijumpai perubahan organ, yang berarti
ekstrak etanol daun kedongdong pagar toksik pada dosis 500 dan 1000 mg/kg bb.
Kata kunci : toksisitas, subkronik, hati, daun kedondong pagar
vi
SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TESTS ETANOL EXTRACT OF
LEAF KEDONGDONG PAGAR (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.)
Merr) IN ORGANS LIVER MALE MICE
ABSTRACT
Subchronic toxicity is a test to detect the toxic effects that appear after
administration of the test substance with repeated doses in animal for 28-90
days.The kedongdong pagar leaves can be used as antiinflamation, antiulcer,
wound healing, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic.The aim of this study was to
determine the safety dose of ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves.
Simplex powder was macerated by ethanol 70% and evaporated by using
rotary evaporator± 40oC then obtained extract was tested for its subchronic toxicity
using 24 mice which were divided into 4 groups: control group was given CMC Na
0.5%, the treatment groups which were given with ethanol extract of kedongdong
pagar leaves dose 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW which were administered orally
everyday for 28 days. Observations were conducted everyday including toxic
symptoms, weight loss, death, measurement of SGPT level, SGOT level,
macropathology and histopathology of liver then data were analyzed by ANOVA
using the Statistical Program Service Solution (SPSS) version 19.
The results showed that the control group and ethanol extract of kedongdong
pagar leaves dose 250 mg/kgBW group has no toxic symptoms, while dose
500mg/kg BW group anddose 1000 mg/kg BW group showed toxic symptoms.
Result of body weight and relative organ weights analysis showed no significant
difference in weight gain and increased organ weight relative within treatment
groups given various dose of ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves (p >
0.05). The death mice was not founded in the control group and ethanol extract of
kedongdong pagar leaves dose 250mg/kg BW group, while in dose 500 mg/kg BW
group and dose 1000 mg/kgBW group was founded the death mice. Result of
SGPT level analysis showed significant differences within all groups (p < 0.05).
The control group was 45.83 IU/l and ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves
dose 250 mg/kg BW group was 55.17 IU/l, SGPT level of these two groups were
still in the normal state. Ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves dose 500
mg/kg BW group was 83,5 IU/l and dose 1000 mg/kg BW group was 92.50 IU/l,
SGPT level of these two was exceeds the ranges of normal state. Result of SGOT
level analysis showed significant differences within all groups (p < 0.05). The
control group was 245.33 IU/l, and ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves
dose 250 mg/kgBW group was 255.50 IU/l, SGOT level of these two groups were
still in the normal state. ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves dose 500
mg/kg BW group was 301.25 IU/l and dose 1000 mg/kg BW group was 314 IU/l,
SGOT level of these groups exceeds the ranges of normal state. Macropathology
and histopathology of liver result in the control group and treatment groups given
with ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves dose 250 mg/kg BW showed no
changed while dose 500 and 1000 mg/kgBW showed changed organ, which mean
ethanol extract of kedongdong pagar leaves were toxic at dose 500 and 1000
mg/kgBW.
Keyword : toxcicity,subchronic,liver, kedongdong pagar leaves
vii