KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN
PENGANTAR METABOLISME ZAT GIZI MIKRO
PERTEMUAN 1
DUDUNG ANGKASA
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU GIZI-FIKES
VISI DAN MISI UNIVERSITAS ESA
UNGGUL
Materi Sebelum UTS
01. Pengantar metabolisme mikro
02. Vitamin A
03. Vitamin D
04. Vitamin E dan K
05. Vitamin Larut Air- C
06. Vitamin Larut Air-B kompleks
07. Vitamins Interaction
Materi Setelah UTS
08. Mineral-Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, S
09. Mineral-Fe, Zn, I
10. Mineral-Mn, Cr, Cl
11. Mineral-Co, Mo, Cu, F
12. Mineral Interactions
13. Mineral-Vitamins Interactions
14. Review
KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG
DIHARAPKAN
• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan metabolisme zat gizi mikro
yang meliputi pencernaan, penyerapan, distribusi (sirkulasi),
utilisasi, dan eksresinya serta tingkat kebutuhan dan resiko
keracunannya.
Topik Perkuliahan (1/2)
TEMU
1
Topik
Why study the micronutrient
metabolism and what its relationship
with other courses?
2
Fat-soluble vitamin-1
3
Fat-soluble vitamin-2
4
Fat-soluble vitamin-3
5
Water-soluble vitamin-1
6
Water-soluble vitamin-2
7
Water-soluble vitamin-3
Bahasan
1. History of micronutrient problem
2. Night blindness, Anemia, Scurvy, IDD
3. Metabolism, diet and research
1. Vitamin A (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin D (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin E and K (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin C (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1.Vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin PP, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, lipoic
acid
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
Topik Perkuliahan (1/2)
TEMU Topik
9
Mineral-1
10
Mineral-2
11
Mineral-3
12
Mineral-4
13
14
15
Mineral-Mineral Interaction
Vitamin-Mineral Interaction
UJIAN
Bahasan
1. Macro Mineral (Calsium, Mg, Na, K, P, S)
(digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Fe, Zn, I (digestion, absorption, storage
and utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Mn, Cr, Cl (digestion, absorption, storage
and utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Co, Mo, Cu, F (digestion, absorption,
storage and utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
Synergy vs Antagonist
Synergy vs Antagonist
Akhir Semester
Penilaian
•
•
•
•
Presensi
: 10%
Tugas Terstruktur : 30%
UTS
: 30%
UAS
: 30%
Why do we study micronutrient?
History:
1. Scurvy
2. Beri-beri
3. Pellagra
4. Rickets
5. Night blindness
6. Corneal ulceration
Abstract
Micronutrients are essential to sustain life and for optimal physiological function. Widespread global
micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) exist, with pregnant women and their children under 5 years at the
highest risk. Iron, iodine, folate, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies are the most widespread MNDs, and all
these MNDs are common contributors to poor growth, intellectual impairments, perinatal complications,
and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is the most common MND worldwide and
leads to microcytic anemia, decreased capacity for work, as well as impaired immune and endocrine
function. Iodine deficiency disorder is also widespread and results in goiter, mental retardation, or reduced
cognitive function. Adequate zinc is necessary for optimal immune function, and deficiency is associated
with an increased incidence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, major causes of death in those
50 mg/kg (50 ppm)
sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca),
phosphorus (P), sulfur (S)
Micro or Trace minerals (body needs relatively less): present in body
tissues at concentrations < 50 mg/kg (50 ppm)
chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), chloride (Cl), iron (Fe),
cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), fluoride
(F), iodine (I), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), tin (Sn),
nickel (Ni) …
Account 3% body weight
arsenic (As),
MINERALS CLASSIFICATION
Golongan
Mineral
makro
(> 0,005 %
Berat badan)
Mineral mikro
(< 0,005 %
Berat badan)
Mineral
% Berat
badan
Jumlah dalam
tubuh
Ca
P
K
S
Na
Cl
Mg
1,5-2,2
0,8-1,2
0,35
0,25
0,15
0,15
0,05
1,02 kg
0,68 kg
0,27 kg
0,20 kg
Fe
Zn
Se
Mn
Cu
I
Mo
Co
Cr
Si
Va
Ni
As
0,004
0,002
0,0003
0,0002
0,00015
0,00004
0,0002
0,00003
0,00003
0,00045
0,00023
0,14 kg
0,025 kg
4,5 g
1,9 g
0,013 g
0,015 g
0,125 g
0,015 g
FACTORS AFFECTING REQUIREMENT
•
Physiological state
• Interactions with other minerals
• Tissue storage
Bone, Liver
Specific proteins to hold and transport
• Form fed
Inorganic vs organic forms
Na selenite vs Na selenate vs
selenomethionine
DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESSES
Most minerals have an optimal range
• Below leads to deficiency symptoms
• Above leads to toxicity symptoms
BIOAVAILABILITY & REGULATION OF TRACE
MINERALS
• Bioavailability influenced by:
–
–
–
–
Genetics
Nutritional status
Nutrient interactions
Aging
• Absorbed in small intestine
• Circulated in blood
• Deficiencies & toxicities rare
– Except genetic disorders & environmental
exposure
TRANSPORT AND STORAGE REQUIRE SPECIFIC
BINDING TO CARRIER PROTEINS
Transferrin – Fe, Cr, Mn, Zn
Albumin – Cu, Zn
Amino acids – Cu, (Fe)
Trancobaltamin - Co
Globulins - Mn
NORMAL ROUTES OF EXCRETION OF TRACE
ELEMENTS
Bile – Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn,
Urine – Co, Cr, Mo, Zn
Pancreatic juice – Zn
Sweat – Zn
Mucosal cell sloughing – Fe, Zn
Mineral-Mineral Interaction
11/13/18
55
Mekanisme Interaksi Vitamin-Mineral:
(1) Satu mikro-nutrien secara langsung mempengaruhi penyerapan
micro-nutrien lain
(2) Defisiensi atau ekses satu mikro-nutrien di dalam tubuh
mempengaruhi metabolisme mikro-nutrien lain
Contoh: (1) asam askobat dgn Fe; asam folat dgn Zn
(2) defisiensi Zn thd retinol binding protein (RBP) dan
metabolisme vitamin A; pengaruh vitamin C dosis
thd metabolisme Cu
11/13/18
tinggi
56
Table 12-1a, p. 418
Table 12-1, p. 418
Table 12-1b, p. 418
PERTEMUAN 1
DUDUNG ANGKASA
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU GIZI-FIKES
VISI DAN MISI UNIVERSITAS ESA
UNGGUL
Materi Sebelum UTS
01. Pengantar metabolisme mikro
02. Vitamin A
03. Vitamin D
04. Vitamin E dan K
05. Vitamin Larut Air- C
06. Vitamin Larut Air-B kompleks
07. Vitamins Interaction
Materi Setelah UTS
08. Mineral-Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, S
09. Mineral-Fe, Zn, I
10. Mineral-Mn, Cr, Cl
11. Mineral-Co, Mo, Cu, F
12. Mineral Interactions
13. Mineral-Vitamins Interactions
14. Review
KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG
DIHARAPKAN
• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan metabolisme zat gizi mikro
yang meliputi pencernaan, penyerapan, distribusi (sirkulasi),
utilisasi, dan eksresinya serta tingkat kebutuhan dan resiko
keracunannya.
Topik Perkuliahan (1/2)
TEMU
1
Topik
Why study the micronutrient
metabolism and what its relationship
with other courses?
2
Fat-soluble vitamin-1
3
Fat-soluble vitamin-2
4
Fat-soluble vitamin-3
5
Water-soluble vitamin-1
6
Water-soluble vitamin-2
7
Water-soluble vitamin-3
Bahasan
1. History of micronutrient problem
2. Night blindness, Anemia, Scurvy, IDD
3. Metabolism, diet and research
1. Vitamin A (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin D (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin E and K (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin C (digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1.Vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Vitamin PP, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, lipoic
acid
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
Topik Perkuliahan (1/2)
TEMU Topik
9
Mineral-1
10
Mineral-2
11
Mineral-3
12
Mineral-4
13
14
15
Mineral-Mineral Interaction
Vitamin-Mineral Interaction
UJIAN
Bahasan
1. Macro Mineral (Calsium, Mg, Na, K, P, S)
(digestion, absorption, storage and
utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Fe, Zn, I (digestion, absorption, storage
and utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Mn, Cr, Cl (digestion, absorption, storage
and utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
1. Co, Mo, Cu, F (digestion, absorption,
storage and utilization)
2. Factors afecting the metabolism
3. Dietary Requirement and Toxicity
Synergy vs Antagonist
Synergy vs Antagonist
Akhir Semester
Penilaian
•
•
•
•
Presensi
: 10%
Tugas Terstruktur : 30%
UTS
: 30%
UAS
: 30%
Why do we study micronutrient?
History:
1. Scurvy
2. Beri-beri
3. Pellagra
4. Rickets
5. Night blindness
6. Corneal ulceration
Abstract
Micronutrients are essential to sustain life and for optimal physiological function. Widespread global
micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) exist, with pregnant women and their children under 5 years at the
highest risk. Iron, iodine, folate, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies are the most widespread MNDs, and all
these MNDs are common contributors to poor growth, intellectual impairments, perinatal complications,
and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is the most common MND worldwide and
leads to microcytic anemia, decreased capacity for work, as well as impaired immune and endocrine
function. Iodine deficiency disorder is also widespread and results in goiter, mental retardation, or reduced
cognitive function. Adequate zinc is necessary for optimal immune function, and deficiency is associated
with an increased incidence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, major causes of death in those
50 mg/kg (50 ppm)
sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca),
phosphorus (P), sulfur (S)
Micro or Trace minerals (body needs relatively less): present in body
tissues at concentrations < 50 mg/kg (50 ppm)
chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), chloride (Cl), iron (Fe),
cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), fluoride
(F), iodine (I), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), tin (Sn),
nickel (Ni) …
Account 3% body weight
arsenic (As),
MINERALS CLASSIFICATION
Golongan
Mineral
makro
(> 0,005 %
Berat badan)
Mineral mikro
(< 0,005 %
Berat badan)
Mineral
% Berat
badan
Jumlah dalam
tubuh
Ca
P
K
S
Na
Cl
Mg
1,5-2,2
0,8-1,2
0,35
0,25
0,15
0,15
0,05
1,02 kg
0,68 kg
0,27 kg
0,20 kg
Fe
Zn
Se
Mn
Cu
I
Mo
Co
Cr
Si
Va
Ni
As
0,004
0,002
0,0003
0,0002
0,00015
0,00004
0,0002
0,00003
0,00003
0,00045
0,00023
0,14 kg
0,025 kg
4,5 g
1,9 g
0,013 g
0,015 g
0,125 g
0,015 g
FACTORS AFFECTING REQUIREMENT
•
Physiological state
• Interactions with other minerals
• Tissue storage
Bone, Liver
Specific proteins to hold and transport
• Form fed
Inorganic vs organic forms
Na selenite vs Na selenate vs
selenomethionine
DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESSES
Most minerals have an optimal range
• Below leads to deficiency symptoms
• Above leads to toxicity symptoms
BIOAVAILABILITY & REGULATION OF TRACE
MINERALS
• Bioavailability influenced by:
–
–
–
–
Genetics
Nutritional status
Nutrient interactions
Aging
• Absorbed in small intestine
• Circulated in blood
• Deficiencies & toxicities rare
– Except genetic disorders & environmental
exposure
TRANSPORT AND STORAGE REQUIRE SPECIFIC
BINDING TO CARRIER PROTEINS
Transferrin – Fe, Cr, Mn, Zn
Albumin – Cu, Zn
Amino acids – Cu, (Fe)
Trancobaltamin - Co
Globulins - Mn
NORMAL ROUTES OF EXCRETION OF TRACE
ELEMENTS
Bile – Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn,
Urine – Co, Cr, Mo, Zn
Pancreatic juice – Zn
Sweat – Zn
Mucosal cell sloughing – Fe, Zn
Mineral-Mineral Interaction
11/13/18
55
Mekanisme Interaksi Vitamin-Mineral:
(1) Satu mikro-nutrien secara langsung mempengaruhi penyerapan
micro-nutrien lain
(2) Defisiensi atau ekses satu mikro-nutrien di dalam tubuh
mempengaruhi metabolisme mikro-nutrien lain
Contoh: (1) asam askobat dgn Fe; asam folat dgn Zn
(2) defisiensi Zn thd retinol binding protein (RBP) dan
metabolisme vitamin A; pengaruh vitamin C dosis
thd metabolisme Cu
11/13/18
tinggi
56
Table 12-1a, p. 418
Table 12-1, p. 418
Table 12-1b, p. 418