Penentuan Dosis Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Sebagai Larutan Pestisida Nabati Pada Ulat Tanaman Tomat (Helicoverpa Armigera)

Lampiran 1. Identifikasi tumbuhan

40

Lampiran 2. Determinasi hewan uji

41

Lampiran 3. Rekomendasi persetujuan etik penelitian kesehatan

42

Lampiran 4. Sampel buah dan biji pepaya

43

Lampiran 5. Karakteristik biji pepaya

a. Biji pepaya basah

b. Biji pepaya kering


44

c. Serbuk biji pepaya

45

Lampiran 6. Hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik serbuk simplisia biji pepaya

1

2
3

4

5

6


Gambar mikroskopik serbuk simplisia biji papaya dengan perbesaran 10x10
Keterangan:

1 = berkas pembuluh (xylem)
2 = kutikula
3 = epidermis
4 = parenkim
5 = butir minyak
6 = hablur Kristal oksalat bentuk druse

46

Lampiran 7. Bagan pembuatan, skrining fitokimia, dan karakterisasi serbuk
simplisia

Biji Pepaya

dicuci sampai bersih
dikeringkan di lemari
pengering dengan suhu

±400c
Simplisia

dihaluskan
Serbuk simplisia biji pepaya

Karakterisasi Simplisia:
- Mikroskopik
- Makroskopik

Skrining Fitokimia:
- Alkaloid
- Flavonoid
- Saponin
- Tanin
- Glikosida
- Steroid/Triterpenoida

47


Lampiran 8. Bagan kerja pembuatan ekstrak biji pepaya

Biji pepaya basah 3,5 kg

dicuci sampai bersih
dikeringkan di lemari pengering
ditimbang 900 g
dilarutkan dalam15 L air
dipanaskan selama 30 menit dengan
suhu 90oC
disaring
ditambahkan air panas hingga
diperoleh eksktrak sebanyak 15 L
Ekstrak biji pepaya

48

Lampiran 9. Bagan kerja pengujian ekstrak biji papaya

560 ekor ulat


Tahap Perlakuan
Disemprotkan EBP
sebanyak 2 ml
Uji Pendahuluan

EBP
Konsentrasi
821,496 ppm

EBP
Konsentrasi
410,748 ppm

EBP
Konsentrasi
205,374 ppm

Kontrol positif
sipermetrin 50g/l


EBP
Konsentrasi
102,687 ppm

Kontrol negatif
akuades

Uji Dosis Insektisida Nabati

EBP
Konsentrasi
3285,984 ppm

EBP
Konsentrasi
3285,984 ppm

EBP
Konsentrasi

1642,992 ppm

EBP
Konsentrasi
821,496 ppm

EBP
Konsentrasi
1642,992 ppm

EBP
Konsentrasi
821,496 ppm

Kontrol positif
sipermetrin 50g/l

EBP
Konsentrasi
410,748 ppm


EBP
Konsentrasi
410,748 ppm

Kontrol negatif
akuades

49

Lampiran 10. Hasil kematian ulat tomat

50

Lampiran 11. Perhitungan pembuatan ekstrak biji papaya
Sampel yang digunakan 900 g berat kering (simplisia) dalam 15 L air
60 ��
60.000 ���
60.000 ���
900 ��

�=
�=
�� = 60.000 ppm
15 � =
1 ppm = 1

��
��
�� = 1 ���

Larutan Induk Baku II 5000 ppm
5000 µ�/��
� 100 �� = 8,3 ml

60000µ�/��

a. Konsentrasi 25,625 ppm
25,625 µ�/��
5000µ�/��


x 100 ml = 0,5 ml

b. Konsentrasi 51,25 ppm
51,,25 µ�⁄��
5000µ�⁄��

x 100 ml = 1,0 ml

c. Konsentrasi 102,5 ppm
102,5 µ�⁄��
5000µ�⁄��

x 100 ml = 2,0 ml

d. Konsentrasi 205 ppm
205,38 µ�⁄��
5000µ�⁄��

x 100 ml = 4,1 ml


e. Konsentrasi 410,75 ppm
410,75 µ�⁄��
5000µ�⁄��

x 100 ml = 8,2 ml

f. Konsentrasi 821,5 ppm
821,5 µ�⁄��
5000µ�⁄��

x 100 ml = 16,4 ml

g. Konsentrasi 1643 ppm
1643 µ�⁄��
5000µ�⁄��

x 100 ml = 32,9 ml

h. Konsentrasi 3286 ml
3286 µ�⁄��
5000µ�⁄��

x 100 ml = 65,7 ml

51

Lampiran 12. Kelompok uji insektisida nabati

52

Lampiran 13. Ekstrak biji pepaya

53

Lampiran 14. Pengamatan kematian hewan

Ulangan I
Konsentrasi

24

48

72

96

120

144

168



(ppm)

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

mati

25,625

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

51,25

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

102,5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

205

0

0

2

2

2

2

2

20

0,2

410,75

0

1

4

4

5

5

5

50

0,5

821,5

6

7

7

8

9

9

90

0,9

1643

6

8

8

10

10

10

10

100

1

3286

5

9

10

10

10

10

10

100

1

Pi

∑ mati =

�����ℎ �������� ����

�����ℎ ���� ��� ������

Contoh : ∑ mati=
Pi

2

8

Pi

x 100

x 100 = 20

10

= % kematian ulat uji dari ∑ mati , contohnya: 36�100 = 0,36

∑ Pi = Jumlah Pi ( % kematian ulat yang diuji)
Ulangan II
Konsentrasi

24

48

72

96

120

144

168



(ppm)

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

mati

25,625

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

51,25

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

102,5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

205

0

0

2

4

4

4

4

40

0,4

410,75

0

1

2

4

6

6

6

60

0,6

821,5

4

6

8

9

9

10

10

100

1

1643

4

7

8

10

10

10

10

100

1

3286

4

8

9

10

10

10

10

100

1

54

Lampiran 14 (Lanjutan)

Ulangan III
Konsentrasi

24

48

72

96

120

144

168

196

Pi

(ppm)

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

25,67615

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

51,3435

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

102,687

0

0

0

0

2

2

2

20

0,2

205,374

0

0

2

2

2

2

2

20

0,2

410,748

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

40

0,4

821,496

2

5

7

7

7

7

7

70

0,7

1642,992

4

8

8

10

10

10

10

100

1

3285,984

5

8

10

10

10

10

10

100

1

Konsentrasi

24

48

96

120

144

168

196



Pi

(ppm)

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

mati

25,67615

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

51,3435

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

102,687

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

10

0,1

205,374

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

410,748

0

0

2

2

2

2

2

20

0,2

821,496

2

4

6

6

6

6

6

60

0,6

1642,992

4

7

9

10

10

10

10

100

1

3285,984

6

8

10

10

10

10

10

100

1

Ulangan IV

55

Lampiran 14 (Lanjutan)

Ulangan V
Konsentrasi

24

48

96

120

144

168

196



(ppm)

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

jam

mati

25,67615

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

51,3435

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

102,687

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

10

0,1

205,374

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

10

0,1

410,748

2

2

2

2

4

4

4

40

0,4

821,496

2

5

5

7

7

7

7

70

0,7

1642,992

4

7

8

10

10

10

10

100

1

3285,984

6

8

10

10

10

10

10

100

1

56

Pi

Lampiran 15. Hasil uji statistika

Descriptives
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N

Mean

Kontrol -

5

.0000

Kontrol +

Std.
Std.
Deviation Error

Lower
Bound

Upper
Bound Minimum Maximum

.00000

.00000 .0000

.0000

.00

.00

5 10.0000

.00000

.00000 10.0000 10.0000

10.00

10.00

821.50

5

7.8000

1.64317 .73485 5.7597

9.8403

6.00

10.00

410.75

5

4.2000

1.48324 .66332 2.3583

6.0417

2.00

6.00

205.38

5

1.8000

1.48324 .66332 -.0417

3.6417

.00

4.00

102.69

5

.8000

.83666

.37417 -.2389

1.8389

.00

2.00

51.34

5

.0000

.00000

.00000 .0000

.0000

.00

.00

25.67

5

.0000

.00000

.00000 .0000

.0000

.00

.00

1643.00

5 10.0000

.00000

.00000 10.0000 10.0000

10.00

10.00

3286.00

5 10.0000

.00000

.00000 10.0000 10.0000

10.00

10.00

Total

50 4.4600

4.39949 .62218 3.2097

.00

10.00

57

5.7103

Lampiran 15 (Lanjutan)

Multiple Comparisons
Tukey HSD
(I)
(J)
Mean
Kelompok Kelompok Difference
Uji
Uji
(I-J)

Std.
Error

95% Confidence Interval
Sig.

Lower
Bound

Upper
Bound

Kontrol (-) Kontrol (+) -10.00000* .55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

821.50

-7.80000* .55857

.000

-9.6700

-5.9300

410.75

-4.20000

*

.55857

.000

-6.0700

-2.3300

205.38

-1.80000

.55857

.068

-3.6700

.0700

102.69

-.80000

.55857

.909

-2.6700

1.0700

51.34

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

25.67

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

1643.00

-10.00000* .55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

3286.00

-10.00000* .55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

Kontrol (+) Kontrol (-) 10.00000* .55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

821.50

821.50

2.20000*

.55857

.011

.3300

4.0700

410.75

5.80000*

.55857

.000

3.9300

7.6700

205.38

8.20000*

.55857

.000

6.3300

10.0700

102.69

9.20000*

.55857

.000

7.3300

11.0700

51.34

10.00000* .55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

25.67

10.00000* .55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

1643.00

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

3286.00

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

7.80000*

.55857

.000

5.9300

9.6700

Kontrol (+) -2.20000* .55857

.011

-4.0700

-.3300

Kontrol (-)
410.75

3.60000*

.55857

.000

1.7300

5.4700

205.38

6.00000*

.55857

.000

4.1300

7.8700

102.69

7.00000*

.55857

.000

5.1300

8.8700

51.34

7.80000*

.55857

.000

5.9300

9.6700

25.67

7.80000*

.55857

.000

5.9300

9.6700

58

410.75

1643.00

-2.20000* .55857

.011

-4.0700

-.3300

3286.00

*

.55857

.011

-4.0700

-.3300

*

.55857

.000

2.3300

6.0700

Kontrol (+) -5.80000

*

.55857

.000

-7.6700

-3.9300

821.50

-3.60000

*

.55857

.000

-5.4700

-1.7300

205.38

*

.55857

.004

.5300

4.2700

*

.55857

.000

1.5300

5.2700

*

.55857

.000

2.3300

6.0700

*

.55857

.000

2.3300

6.0700

-5.80000

*

.55857

.000

-7.6700

-3.9300

-5.80000

*

.55857

.000

-7.6700

-3.9300

Kontrol (-)

102.69
51.34
25.67
1643.00
3286.00
205.38

Kontrol (-)

2.40000
3.40000
4.20000
4.20000

.55857

.068

-.0700

3.6700

Kontrol (+) -8.20000

.55857

.000

-10.0700

-6.3300

821.50

-6.00000

*

.55857

.000

-7.8700

-4.1300

410.75

-2.40000

*

.55857

.004

-4.2700

-.5300

102.69

1.00000

.55857

.737

-.8700

2.8700

51.34

1.80000

.55857

.068

-.0700

3.6700

25.67

1.80000

3286.00
Kontrol (-)

1.80000

.55857

.068

-.0700

3.6700

-8.20000

*

.55857

.000

-10.0700

-6.3300

-8.20000

*

.55857

.000

-10.0700

-6.3300

.55857

.909

-1.0700

2.6700

Kontrol (+) -9.20000

*

.55857

.000

-11.0700

-7.3300

821.50

-7.00000

*

.55857

.000

-8.8700

-5.1300

410.75

-3.40000

*

.55857

.000

-5.2700

-1.5300

205.38

-1.00000

.55857

.737

-2.8700

.8700

51.34

.80000

.55857

.909

-1.0700

2.6700

25.67

.80000

1643.00
3286.00
51.34

4.20000

*

1643.00
102.69

-2.20000

Kontrol (-)

.80000

.55857

.909

-1.0700

2.6700

-9.20000

*

.55857

.000

-11.0700

-7.3300

-9.20000

*

.55857

.000

-11.0700

-7.3300

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

.00000

Kontrol (+) -10.00000
821.50
410.75

*

.55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

-7.80000

*

.55857

.000

-9.6700

-5.9300

-4.20000

*

.55857

.000

-6.0700

-2.3300

59

205.38

-1.80000

.55857

.068

-3.6700

.0700

102.69

-.80000

.55857

.909

-2.6700

1.0700

25.67

.00000

1643.00
3286.00
25.67

Kontrol (-)

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

-10.00000

*

.55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

-10.00000

*

.55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

.00000

Kontrol (+) -10.00000

.55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

-7.80000

*

.55857

.000

-9.6700

-5.9300

410.75

-4.20000

*

.55857

.000

-6.0700

-2.3300

205.38

-1.80000

.55857

.068

-3.6700

.0700

102.69

-.80000

.55857

.909

-2.6700

1.0700

51.34

.00000

821.50

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

-10.00000

*

.55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

-10.00000

*

.55857

.000

-11.8700

-8.1300

Kontrol (-) 10.00000

*

.55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

Kontrol (+)

1643.00
3286.00
1643.00

821.50
410.75
205.38
102.69

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

*

.55857

.011

.3300

4.0700

*

.55857

.000

3.9300

7.6700

*

.55857

.000

6.3300

10.0700

*

2.20000
5.80000
8.20000

.55857

.000

7.3300

11.0700

*

.55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

10.00000

*

.55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

Kontrol (-) 10.00000

.55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

Kontrol (+)

51.34
25.67
3286.00
3286.00

*

9.20000

10.00000

*

821.50
410.75
205.38
102.69
51.34
25.67
1643.00

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

*

.55857

.011

.3300

4.0700

*

.55857

.000

3.9300

7.6700

*

.55857

.000

6.3300

10.0700

*

2.20000
5.80000
8.20000
9.20000

.55857

.000

7.3300

11.0700

*

.55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

10.00000

*

.55857

.000

8.1300

11.8700

.00000

.55857

1.000

-1.8700

1.8700

10.00000

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

60

Lampiran 15 (Lanjutan)

Homogeneous Subsets

Tukey HSDa
Subset for alpha = 0.05

Kelompok Uji

N

Kontrol (-)

5

.0000

51.34

5

.0000

25.67

5

.0000

102.69

5

.8000

205.38

5

1.8000

410.75

5

821.50

5

Kontrol (+)

5

10.0000

1643.00

5

10.0000

3286.00

5

10.0000

Sig.

1

2

3

4

4.2000
7.8000

.068

1.000

1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5,000.

61

1.000