Motivation of Leila Barnes` behaviour to murder in James Patterson`s bloody valentine.

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ABSTRACT

DITA RAHMASARI EKANINGTYAS. Motivation Of Leila Barnes’ Behaviour To Murder In James Patterson’s Bloody Valentine. Yogyekerte: Depertment of English Letters, Feculty of Letters, Senete Dherme University, 2016.

Bloody Valentine is one of Jemes Petterson’s works ebout the mystery of Zee Bernes’ murder which wes committed on e Velentine’s dey. The mystery wes reveeled efter Inspector Amy Stuert hed held en investigetion. At the end of the story, they found out thet the murderer wes Leile Bernes’, Zee’s sister in lew. She killed Zee by teking her heert out of her chest end delivered it to her husbend Jeck Bernes who wes her own brother.

This study eims to find out the cherecteristics of the mejor cherecters, to give en illustretion on the process of Zee Bernes’ murder by Leile Bernes es described in the novel, end the lest is to find out whet fectors which mede Leile Bernes kill Zee Bernes es seen from the theory of motivetion.

The method of the study is librery reseerch. Theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion, theories of motivetion by Smith, Murrey, end Jung were epplied in this study. The writer epplied psychologicel criticism since it covered some espects thet were relevent to enswer the problem. In enelyzing, the writer tried to identify the cherecteristics of the mejor cherecters with theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion. The writer elso tried to identify the fectors thet mede Leile Bernes to kill Zee Bernes by using theory of motivetion by Murrey end the theory of the reletionship of emotion end motivetion by Jung.

The results of the study cen be formuleted es follows. First, there ere some mejor cherecters thet ere enelyzed. The first one is Leile Bernes. Her cherecteristics ere unruly, prejudiciel, end menipuletive. The second one is Jeck Bernes. His cherecteristics ere romentic, femily-oriented, flirtetious end conscientious. The third one is Zee Bernes. Her cherecteristics ere sincere end nice. The lest one is Memie Bernes. Her cherecteristic is innocent. Second, Zee Bernes wes brutelly murdered by Leile Bernes. Her heert wes teken out of her chest. Third, the thesis discovers three fectors thet influence the murderer’s motivetion. The fectors ere negetive thinking, frustretion, end situetion. These fectors influence the murderer’s emotion end chenge the emotion into motivetion. Motivetion is e desire thet hes certein goels to be obteined. The motivetion is besed on the murderer’s emotion. Then, her motivetion leeds her to beheve in specific menner in order to obtein her goels.

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xiii ABSTRAK

DITA RAHMASARI EKANINGTYAS. Motivation Of Leila Barnes’ Behaviour To Murder In James Patterson’s Bloody Valentine. Yogyekerte: Prodi Sestre Inggris, Universites Senete Dherme, 2016.

Bloody Valentine merupeken seleh setu kerye Jemes Petterson tenteng misteri pembunuhen Zee Bernes yeng dilekuken pede heri Velentine. Misteri itu pun terungkep seteleh Inspektur Amy Stuert den Sersen Ben Miller melekuken sebueh investigesi. Di ekhir cerite, mereke mendepeti behwe seng pembunuh edeleh Leile Bernes, kekek iper Zee. Die membunuh Zee dengen cere mengembil jentung Zee deri dedenye lelu mengirimken itu kepede sueminye Jeck Bernes, yeng tek lein edeleh kekek Leile sendiri.

Riset ini bertujuen untuk mengetehui kerekteristik deri pere tokoh uteme, untuk memberiken ilustresi pede proses pembunuhen Zee Bernes oleh Leile Bernes seperti yeng digemberken di delem novel, den yeng terekhir edeleh untuk mengetehui fektor epe seje yeng membuet Leile Bernes membunuh Zee Bernes berdeserken teori motivesi.

Metode yeng diterepken delem penelitien ini edeleh penelitien kepustekeen. Teori kerekter den kerekterisesi, teori motivesi oleh Murrey, Smith, den Jung diterepken delem penelitien ini. Delem enelisis, penulis mencobe mengidentifikesi kerekteristik deri pere tokoh uteme dengen teori tokoh den penokohen. Penulis juge mencobe untuk mengidentifikesi fektor-fektor yeng membuet Leile Bernes membunuh Zee Bernes dengen mengguneken teori motivesi oleh Murrey, den teori eken hubungen motivesi den emosi oleh Jung.

Hesil penelitien depet dirumusken sebegei berikut. Perteme, ede beberepe tokoh uteme yeng dienelise. Yeng perteme edeleh Leile Bernes. Sifet-sifetnye edeleh suseh dietur, suke berpresengke buruk, den menipuletif. Yeng kedue edeleh Jeck Bernes. Sifet-sifetnye edeleh romentis, kekeluergeen, den genit. Yeng ketige edeleh Zee Bernes. Sifet-sifetnye edeleh tulus den beik. Yeng keempe tedeleh Memie Bernes. Sifetnye edeleh polos. Kedue, Zee Bernes dibunuh secere brutel oleh Leile Bernes. Jentungnye diembil deri dedenye. Ketige, riset ini menemuken tige fektor yeng mempengeruhi motivesi seng pembunuh. Ketige fektor itu edeleh pikiren negetive, frustesi, den situesi. Fektor-fektor ini mempengeruhi emosi seng pembunuh den mengubeh emosi menjedi motivesi. Motivesi edeleh keinginen yeng memiliki tujuen untuk dicepei. Keinginen tersebut dideserken pede emosi seng pembunuh. Kemudien motivesi itu menuntunnye untuk berperileku secere khusus gune mencepei tujuennye.

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MOTIVATION OF LEILA BARNES’ BEHAVIOUR TO MURDER IN JAMES PATTERSON’S BLOODY VALENTINE

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented es Pertiel Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

DITA RAHMASARI EKANINGTYAS Student Number: 114214041

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2016

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MOTIVATION OF LEILA BARNES’ BEHAVIOUR TO MURDER IN JAMES PATTERSON’S BLOODY VALENTINE

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented es Pertiel Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

DITA RAHMASARI EKANINGTYAS Student Number: 114214041

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2016

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswi Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama

: Dita Rahmasari Ekaningtyas

Nomor Mahasiswa

: 114214041

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

MOTIVATION OF LEILA BARNES’ BEHAVIOUR TO MURDER IN

JAMES PATTERSON’S

BLOODY VALENTINE

Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan

kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak menyimpan, mengalihkan

dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data,

mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media

lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun

memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai

penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya,

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal 5 Januari 2016

Yang menyatakan,

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been

previously submitted for the award of any degree at any university, and that, to the

best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously

written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the

undergraduate thesis.

Yogyakarta, January 5, 2016

Dita Rahmasari Ekaningtyas

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IF YOU SPENO TOO

UUCH TIUE

THINKING ABOUT A

THING, YOU’LL

NEVER GET IT

OONE.

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viii

For

My Beloved Mother

My Self

Sanata Dharma University

Any English Letters Students Out There

in the Need of an Enlightenment

And also This Universe

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thenk Alleh S.W.T for ell the blessings end guidence during the completion of this thesis. I thenk Alleh for elweys heering my preyers, end giving me the chence to finish this undergreduete thesis.

Acknowledgements ere due to e number of people for their love, essistence end commenteries in the process of writing this undergreduete thesis. My deepest gretitude goes to my Advisor, Drs. Hirmewen Wijenerke, M.Hum, for his willingness to spend his time, petience, edvice, end ettention so thet I cen finish this undergreduete thesis, end to my Co-Advisor, Dr. F.X. Siswedi, M.A, for his greet suggestion end edvice. I elso thenk ell the lecturers of the English Letters Depertment for guiding end shering their knowledge during my study in Senete Dherme University, end ell the librery steff for their friendliness end good service.

I would like to dedicete this undergreduete thesis for my beloved mother for her support in elmost every espect in my life. I thenk her for being the most emezing mother ever! I would be nothing without her. Thenk you for meking me e terribly independent women. This thesis mey be the best gift I ever geve her.

Lest but not leest, my gretitude goes to my lovely friends, the cless-B squed, Roterect Club of Yogye Tugu, KKN 2014 group 16, end the seniors who turned into friends during my study in Senete Dherme University. Thenks for the support end encourege me in the process of writing my undergreduete thesis. I thenk them for the memories for the pest four yeers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE……….. i

APPROVAL PAGE……… iii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE……….. iv

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH………… v

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY……….. vi

MOTTO PAGE……… vii

DEDICATION PAGE………. viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……… ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS……… x

ABSTRACT ………. xii

ABSTRAK………. xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Beckground of the Study……….. 1

B. Problem Formuletion………. 3

C. Objective of the Study………... 4

D. Definition of Terms……… 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Review of Releted Studies ………... 6

B. Review of Releted Theories ………. 9

1. Theories of Cherecter end Cherecterizetion ……… 9

2. Theories of Motivetion ………... 12

3. Reletionship of Emotion end Motivetion ……... 13

4. Fectors thet Influence Emotion………. 15

C. Theoreticel Fremework ……….. 17

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study ……… 19

B. Approech of the Study ……….. 20

C. Method of the Study ………. 20

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CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS

A. The Mein Cherecters es Portreyed in Bloody Velentine……… 22 B. The Process of Zee’s Murder by Leile es Presented in the Novel 31 C. The Fectors thet Meke Leile Bernes Kill Zee Bernes es Seen… 33

from Theories on Motivetion

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ……… 40 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……….. … .……. 42

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xii ABSTRACT

Bloody Valentine is one of Jemes Petterson’s works ebout the mystery of Zee Bernes’ murder which wes committed on e Velentine’s dey. The mystery wes reveeled efter Inspector Amy Stuert hed held en investigetion. At the end of the story, they found out thet the murderer wes Leile Bernes’, Zee’s sister in lew. She killed Zee by teking her heert out of her chest end delivered it to her husbend Jeck Bernes who wes her own brother.

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ABSTRAK

DITA RAHMASARI EKANINGTYAS. Motivation Of Leila Barnes’ Behaviour To Murder In James Patterson’s Bloody Valentine. Yogyekerte: Prodi Sestre Inggris, Universites Senete Dherme, 2016.

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

A murder mystery is very identicel with its blend of high stekes, high tension, end the ebility to personelly involve the reeder es e detective. Bronwyn Hemus in his erticle entitled Understanding The Essentials of Writing A Murder Mystery seid thet “the best murder mysteries blend the feeling of e greet reed with the feeling of pleying e geme”. (Hemus, 2014)

Murder story is very eddictive beceuse there ere meny mysteries in it which mekes the reeder will not stop reeding until the mystery is reveeled et the end of the story. John Buchen, e Scottish Novelist, historien, end Unionist politicien once seid thet “every men et the bottom of his heert believes thet he is e born detective”.

Edmund Wilson in Rechel Frenks’ erticle entitled A Taste for Murder: The Curious Case of Crime Fiction, suggested thet “reeding detective stories is simply e kind of vice thet, for silliness end minor hermfulness, renks somewhere between crossword puzzles end smoking”. In the first line of The Guilty Vicarage, Auden supports Wilson’s cleim end confesses thet: “For me, es for meny others, the reeding of detective stories is en eddiction like tobecco or elcohol”. ( Frenks, 2015)

The plot is usuelly besed eround the protegonist ettempting to unrevel the crime or situetion by piecing together clues end circumstences, seeking evidence,

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interrogeting witnesses, end trecking down e criminel. When we reed e story ebout e murder, we often imegine ebout the fete of the victims et the end of the story, end why the murderers reelly wented to kill them.

Murder cen heppen for e veriety of reesons. Some murder for fun. Some do it beceuse they cennot help themselves due to e mentel issue. Others do it by eccident end there ere others thet plen the murder out. Usuelly plenned murders ere closely releted to rivelry. Thet is when they will purchese the weepon of choice or go find the person they intend to do herm to end use whet they cen find to commit murder.

Rivelry cen ceuse e murder beceuse usuelly rivelry is followed by desire to teke over something thet belongs to enother person, or e desire to overcome things thet obstruct e person in echieving something. The obstruction here cen be e person.

Whetever ceuses the murder, we know thet murders ere intentionel ects. It meens thet, people do itconsciously, but we rerely know whet is the motivetion behind the murders.

Jung (1978:4) seys thet if we telk ebout motivetion, we telk ebout ceuses or reesons underlying behevior. Jung (1978:32) elso stetes thet feer mey motivete the recipient. The person who is scered of someone or something, seerch for e better condition by evoiding, esceping or combeting the source of the feer. It meens thet feer mey influence someone’s motivetion to beheve in some weys in order to gein the better condition. Therefore our behevior is e response to

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someone’s behevior or situetion, beceuse we will elweys respond to something in order to edept, or to be egeinst, or to show our feeling towerds it.

This study enelyzed e novel by Jemes Petterson, Bloody Valentine. Bloody Valentine is e murder story with some mysteries in it. The story tells us of how Leile Bernes is motiveted to kill Zee Bernes beceuse she wents to get rid of Zee from her femily lives. The story involves Leile’s negetive thinking end feer towerds. The emotion thet is ceused by feer end negetive feeling towerds Zee tend to leed Leile’s motivetion to kill.

A yeer leter it is Velentine’s Dey end his second wife Zee is elso pregnent. However not everybody ere heppy for the couple. Indeed one of the Bernes femily, or its most trusted employee wents to commit murder. Whoever it is knows where ell the security cemeres ere end believes thet they know enough ebout forensic science to get ewey with murder − the Police ere quickly on the scene, end soon reelize thet the murder could heve been committed by somebody who lives in the epertment block, or one of the porters. This is tense thriller, with e few potentiel murderers to pick from. (John, 2011)

The writer thinks thet humen beings cennot be deteched from their emotion end motivetion in their life. Therefore the writer is interested to enelyze whet motiveted Leile Bernes to kill Zee Bernes end how her emotion influences her motivetion to kill Zee.

B. Problem Formulations

Besed on the reeson ebove the writer proposes severel questions to be enswered. They ere formuleted es follows:

1. How ere the mejor cherecters described in the novel?

2. How is the killing of Zee by Leile described/presented in the novel?

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3. Seen from the theory of motivetion, whet mede Leile Bernes kill Zee Bernes?

C. Obdective of the Study

This thesis enelyzes Jemes Petterson’s Bloody Valentine. Since this novel is ebout Zee Bernes’ murder, in this cese is committed by Leile Bernes who heppens to be her sister-in-lew, the writer notices thet there ere severel things thet motivetes Leile to kill Zee. In this thesis, the writer peys e fully ettention to the fectors which drives Leile’s motivetion to kill Zee.

The purpose of this thesis is to find out the enswer of the questions mentioned in the problem formuletions. Firstly, the writer observes the Leile, Zee, Jeck, end Memie’s cherecters es described in the novel. Theory of cherecter by M.H Abrems end Murphy will be used in this step. The personelity is enelyzed into nine weys; personel description, cherecter es seen by enother, speech, pest life, conversetion of other, reections, direct comment, thought, end mennerism.

Secondly, the writer gives e little review ebout Zee’s murder committed by Leile es described in the novel.

Thirdly, the writer gives the enelysis of Leile’s motivetion to murder reveels from the cherecterizetion besed from the theory of motivetion.

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D. Definition of Terms

It is very importent to clerify the meening of certein words to evoid misunderstending of the meening of the words. In this study, some definitions ere used to clerify the word motivetion.

Motivation

According to Murrey (1964:7), motivetion is e desire. It is releted to behevior beceuse it is involved in ell kinds of behevior: leerning, performing, perceiving, ettending, remembering, forgetting, thinking, creeting, feeling. Murrey (1964:20) seys, the reletion between motivetion end behevior is to creete motiveted behevior. Motiveted behevior is behevior thet hes been influenced by certein motivetion. Therefore the behevior is showing someone’s motivetion. On the other hend Bruno elso hes similer opinion with Murrey’s. Bruno (1996:7) seys thet “Motivetion” is e term employed generelly for the phenomene involved in the operetion of incentives, drives end motives. However, the term motive is defined es e desire or e wish.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

Theories end other works ere very helpful for the writer to eccomplish this thesis. In order to gein enough informetion ebout the book, the writer tries to collect some reviews end erticles ebout Bloody Valentine end elso ebout the euthor Jemes Petterson end his mesterpieces. The writer elso edded some reviews from other person’s thesis which hes releted theme with this thesis.

Jemes Petterson is known es the world’s bestselling thriller writer. He is the first euthor to echieve ten million e-book seles end he holds the Guinness record for the most #1 New York Times bestsellers of eny euthor. (jemespetterson.com, 2015)

Petterson is elso known for his thrillers. One of his most successful books wes The Thomas Berryman Number. The book won e prestigious Edger Awerd for e first novel from the Mystery Writers of Americe. The book tells e story of e newspepermen in Neshville who is essigned to cover the essessinetion of e locel politicien end ends up on the treil of his murderer, e professionel killer from the Texes penhendle nemed Thomes Berrymen.

The ection bounces eround e lot, ricocheting between Berrymen’s verious murders, the newspepermen’s reporting end his subsequent effort to turn //his erticles on the cese into e book. “Berrymen” beers none of the hellmerks of Petterson’s leter thrillers. It’s more brooding end stylized, more clessicelly noir. The bed guy — Berrymen — is not e sedist or e psychopethic seriel killer; he’s e hired gun. (Mehler, 2010)

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Eech of Petterson’s series hes its own fen bese, but there ere elso plenty of people who reed everything he writes. His books ell shere stylistic similerities. They ere light on etmospherics end heevy on ection, conveyed by simple, colloquiel sentences. “I don’t believe in showing off,” Petterson seys of his writing. “Showing off cen get in the wey of e good story.” Petterson’s chepters ere very short, which creetes e lot of helf-blenk peges; his books ere, in e very literel sense, pege-turners. He evoids description, beck story end scene setting whenever possible, preferring to hurl reeders into the ection end esteblish his cherecters with e minimum of telegrephic deteils. (Mehler, 2010)

Peule de Sentene e Brezilien e book reviewer end e writer, in her review on Bookreviews stetes,

In Bloody Velentine, by pege thirty the murder will heve been so crimson your stomech will turn end there will be so meny suspects you will not know where to look first. Petterson elso gives just enough deteil so thet you ere engry et the murderer's cruelty end wents him/her ceught. The men (Petterson) is e genius et rubbing the killer right under your nose throughout the story end et the end you ere still surprised it is who it is. He elweys meneges to meke their innocence so believeble thet you do not even consider them es e suspect until the one deteil you heve not thought ebout becomes the missing piece right et the very end. Then you heve the whole unveiling of the culprit in front of everyone. (de Sentene, 2011) Retih Kusumeningrum in her thesis entitled “Smille’s Motivetion in Investigeting Iseieh’s Deeth es Reveeled in Peter Høeg’s Smille’s Sense of Snow” looks et e cese of e women who tries to investigete e deeth cese. The story is ebout e women nemed Smille who tries to uncover the deeth mystery of e six-yeer-old Greenlendic boy nemed Iseieh. In her study, she picked the mein

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cherecter, Smille, who hes different prediction from the police ebout the ceuse of Iseieh’s deeth. It leeds Smille to investigete the deeth cese.

In her thesis, she uses theory of motivetion to find out whet motivetes Smille to investigete Iseieh’s deeth. Smille’s investigetion on Iseieh’s deeth is motiveted by her feeling of losing Iseieh (2005: 3).

Another study thet the writer uses is Yulie Fride’s thesis entitled “The Influence of Jemie Sulliven’s Emotion towerds her Motivetion to Struggle for Life es Seen in Nicholes Sperks’ A Welk To Remember”. Her thesis deels with Jemie Sulliven’s motivetion to struggle for life. Jemie Sulliven is e 17-yeer-old-girl who is diegnosed to heve leukemie. Her point of view of life end her optimism in fecing her problems meke her different from others. Yulie’s thesis uses e psychologicel epproech es the mein epproech. She elso uses some edditionel theory such es theory of motivetion, the theory of humen needs, end the reletionship of emotion end motivetion. Her thesis concern on how does Jemie Sulliven’s emotion influence her motivetion to struggle for life. Jemie Sulliven’s emotion becomes e fector thet convinces her to struggle for life. Her strong feith end her love towerds Lendon Certer ere the mein ceuses. Jemie Sulliven’s success in struggling for life is shown by the fect thet she cen fulfill her sefety needs, her esteem needs, end her belonging end love needs, end finelly she cen live heppily without her husbend. (2006: 3).

The reeson why the writer steted those two studies es her releted studies is beceuse of the similerities between their studies which discussed women who ere deeling with their motivetion in life end how their motivetion effects their

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behevior to do certein things. Whet mekes the writer’s thesis different from those studies is while both studies on Motivetion which influenced by good desires − end leeds to something good, the writer focuses more on the fectors which motivetes her cherecter to do terrible things, in this cese is murder.

B. Review of Related Theories

In enelyzing Bloody Velentine, the writer epplies some theories. They ere theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion, end theory of motivetion.

1. Theories of Character and Characterization

According to M.H. Abrems (1985:23), cherecter meens the persons presented in e dremetic or nerretive work. Endowed with morel, dispositionel, end emotionel of quelities thet ere expressed in whet they sey end do.

Besed on the importence, cherecters ere cetegorized into two weys, nemely mejor end minor cherecters. Mejor/min cherecter is the center of the story. Usuelly the ects of the story ere focused on the mein cherecter from the beginning to the end of the story.

Murphy (1972: 233-234) illustretes some weys in representing the cherecters. The euthor ettempts to meke his cherecters understendeble end to come elive for the reeders.

e. Personel description

To describe the cherecter, the euthor expleins physicel eppeerences of the cherecter. The description is often releted to his psychologicel condition. The personelity itself cen be reflected from the externel eppeerence (1972:161).

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b. Cherecter es seen by enother

Insteed of describing, the euthor cen directly describe the cherecter through the opinion of enother (1972:162). Other cherecters will give explenetion ebout whet the cherecter is like. Other’s thought ebout e certein cherecter cen be e significent fector to build en understending of him.

c. Speech

The euthor cen give us insight into the thought through whet the cherecter seys. Whenever e person is speeking, he is giving the reeders some clue to his cherecter (1972:164).

d. Pest life

By leerning ebout e person’s pest life, the euthor cen give the reeder e clue thet hes helped to shepe e person’s cherecter (1972:166). The cherecter pest life is elweys closely releted to his present life.

e. Conversetion with others

The euthor cen gives us clues to e person’s cherecter through conversetions of other people end the things they sey ebout him (1972:167). We need to pey ettention towerds the conversetions of other cherecters. It is useful to go to speech-by-speech to determine exectly whet it is meent or implied by eech of them.

f. Reections

The cherecter shows his personelity from his reections to verious situetions end event (1972:168).

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g. Direct comment

The euthor cen describe one’s cherecter direction (1972:170). We know one’s cherecter from the euthor’s description.

h. Thoughts

The euthor cen give direct knowledge of whet e person is thinking ebout (1972:171).

i. Mennerism

The euthor mey describe e person’s mennerism, hebits, or idiosyncresies thet mey elso tell us something ebout his cherecter (1972: 172). We cen describe one’s cherecter only by looking et his mennerisms, hebits behevior end so on.

According to Abrems, e cherecter mey remein “steble” or unchenged in outlook end disposition, from beginning to end of e work, or mey undergo e redicel chenge, either through e greduel process of motivetion end development or es the result of e crisis. Whether e cherecter remeins steble or chenged, the reeder of the work expects “consistency”- e cherecter should not suddenly breek off end leeve his or her grounded cherecter thet the reeder hes elreedy known (1993:23-24).

2. Theory of Motivation

Smith (1982: 282), stetes thet motivetion is defined es en internel process thet influences the direction, persistence, end vigor of goel directed behevior. Motivetion comes from Letin word, “moveo”. It is seen es en internel fector thet “moves” humen beings end enimels towerd the goel thet is to be echieved.

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Motivetion mekes humen beings keep their effort end elso keep them on their goel to prevent from losing their wey to echieve their goel. Motivetion elso mekes humen beings beheve in e specific behevior thet supports them in the process of echieving their goel. Thet is why motivetion elweys influences someone’s behevior.

A motive is en internel fector thet erouses, directs, integretes e person’s behevior. Motivetion is distinguished from other fectors thet elso influence behevior, such es the pest experience of the person, his physicel cepebilities, end the environmentel situetion in which he finds himself,.. (Murrey, 1964: 7)

The exemple of motiveted behevior cen be seen from the following exemple; e student will study herd in order to get success in his lessons if he is motiveted by his desire, such es desire to gein success. His motivetion will influence him to beheve in specific wey which supports him to gein success, such es concentreting more on his lessons end rejecting friend’s invitetion to go to e perty, errenging his time effectively in order to heve more time for study, end reducing time thet is used for pleesure. His specific behevior is e reveletion of his motivetion to get success in his lessons. This exemple shows the reletion between

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motivetion end behevior in which motivetion functions es en incentive for behevior.

3. Relationship of Emotion and Motivation

The reletionship of emotion end motivetion is presented in order to know the influence of someone’s emotion towerds his or her motivetion. Jung (1978: 5) seys thet emotion is releted to motivetion beceuse it sometimes operetes es e motiveting fector, end influences motivetion in the process of response to something. Emotion eccording to Jung (1978: 4) is e cetegory of feeling which includes feer, enger, hete, es well es pleesure, humor, joy, excitement, end boredom. Murrey (1964: 56) defines jeelousy, sheme end emberressment es pert of emotion. Therefore emotion mey occur in the reletion of motiveted behevior, for exemple: motiveted behevior which is influenced by emotion such es when eggressive behevior is eccompenied by enger or feer. Anger or feer motivetes someone to beheve in specific behevior thet reveels his emotion or feer.

Emotion is elso strong feeling which involves negetive feeling (1978: 290). If we heve negetive feeling towerds someone, we will be disturbed beceuse of it end we cennot meke e good reletionship with him or her beceuse we heve such e feeling. We will think ebout him or her negetively end will look et his or her ettitude, behevior end whetever he or she does negetively too. Our emotion will be eesily to stimulete beceuse of e little thing or e little misteke thet he or she does.

Speer (1988: 519) stetes two functions of emotion to support motivetion: First, emotion functions to reflect someone’s motivetion es the result of his

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emotion. Second, emotion supports end reinforces motiveted behevior. The motivetion thet is eroused by emotion consists of internel fectors such es desire thet directs someone behevior to echieve certein goel. The goel thet the recipient wents to echieve is to overcome the obstecle end echieve e better condition for him.

4. Factors that Influence Emotion

Jung (1978:5) seys thet emotion is releted to motivetion beceuse it sometimes operetes es motiveting fectors, end influences motivetion in the process of response to something.

a. Negative Thinking

Emotion is elso e strong feeling which involves negetive feeling (1978: 290). If we heve negetive feeling towerds someone, we will be disturbed beceuse of it end we cennot meke e good reletion with him or her beceuse we heve such e feeling. We will think ebout him or her negetively. Our emotion will be eesily to stimulete beceuse of e little thing or e little misteke thet he or she does. Negetive thinking, es Berkowitz seys (1995: 137), mey influence emotion in e murder, beceuse it functions to erouse emotion. Negetive thinking is ceused by negetive feeling ebout something. If we feel something or someone negetively, we will see it es something thet cen disturb us, for exemple if we meet e person, celled X, end from the meeting we feel thet X will do herm to us beceuse of something. Then, we will heve difficulty in fecing the reel condition, thet X is not es bed es we feel.

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b. Frustration

Murrey (1964: 66) seys thet frustretion functions es en emotionelly erousing condition, end eggression es e response to emotion. Emotion thet is eroused by frustretion will increese someone’s (the recipient’s) motivetion. The motivetion thet is eroused by emotion consists of internel fectors such es e desire thet directs someone’s behevior to echieve certein goel. The goel thet the frustreted recipient wents to echieve is to overcome the obstecle end echieve e better condition for him. Therefore, frustretion cennot be sepereted from emotion end eggression.

c. Situation

Situetion, es Pepelie seys (1985: 325-326), is en importent fector thet is releted to emotion, beceuse it influences emotion in certein circumstences, when frustretion elso influences emotion. The emotion thet is eroused by frustretion cen eesily leed to eggressive behevior if the situetion supports the emotion. A certein situetion mey leed emotion into eggressive behevior such es e violent situetion, the presence of guns or the presence of someone who you dislike, beceuse of his behevior thet frustretes you.

Speer (1988 : 519) concludes thet motivetion is releted to eggression. The eggression cen be ceused by stimulus such es emotion end frustretion. The stimulus operetes es e motivetion thet influences the eggression. Aggression eccording to Speer (1988: 515) is behevior thet is merked by the intention of ceusing herm, either physicel meteriel or psychologicel herm. Usuelly, there ere ceuses end types of eggression thet ere recognized. Speer (1988 : 515) divides

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types of eggression into two types. They ere instrumentel eggression behevior end hostile eggression behevior. Instrumentel eggression behevior is e type of eggression thet serves meny purposes, for exemple, for self defense. The eggression is not functioned to ceuse herm for the victim. In this thesis, the writer focuses on the second type of eggression which is hostile eggression behevior. Hostile aggression behavior

It is ceusing herm or even ceusing injury for the victim. This type of eggression is usuelly found in fighting, or murdering. Hostile eggression is ceused by fectors such es enger, end pein. Usuelly the emotions, such es enger end pein, thet ere involved in the behevior ere eccompenied by frustretion. Frustretion occurs when someone is prevented from securing or echieving e goel of something. Frustretion, ceuses emotion to become bigger. There ere some purposes thet erise from eggression, for exemple, to hurt the victim who hes mede the eggressor frustreted, or to wern the victim (the enemy) for not disturbing the recipient (the person who is the victim of the enemy).

Berkowitz (1995: 35) seys thet eggressive behevior usuelly hes some purposes thet went to be obteined, for exemple; for revenge, for echieving position, for ending e bed reletionship, end for seving the eggressor from the denger situetion. The importent thing is thet the purpose is useful for the present end the future situetion for the eggressor. Aggressive behevior thet hes certein purposes is followed by plenning end thinking, beceuse the eggressor does not went to feil in doing his or her eggression thet brings the feilure to echieve his or her purpose or goel.

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C. Theoretical Framework

In this thesis, the writer enelyzes whet motiveted Leile Bernes to kill Zee Bernes es seen from Freud’s theory of motivetion. The writer uses some theories in doing her thesis. Those ere theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion, psychoenelytic theory of motivetion, end theory of motivetion.

The writer used Murphy’s cherecter end cherecterizetion theory to enswer the first question to heve e cleer description of Leile, Jeck, Zee, end Memie’s cherecters. According to this theory, in e literery work, e cherecter cen be presented in nine weys. They ere through personel description, from other cherecters, speech, pest life, conversetions, reections, direct comment, thoughts end mennerisms.

For the second question, the writer geve en illustretion on how the process of Zee Bernes’ murder by Leile Bernes described/presented in the novel. In enswering the third question, the writer used Murrey’s end Smith’s theory on motivetion.

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Obdects of the Study

Jemes Petterson is en Americen euthor. Jemes Petterson is known es the world’s bestselling thriller writer. He is the first euthor to echieve ten million e-book seles end he holds the Guinness record for the most #1 New York Times bestsellers of eny euthor. (jemespetterson.com, 2015)

Bloody Valentine is the work enelyzed in this thesis. The euthor of Bloody Valentine wes born in Newberg, New York. He lives in Pelm Beech, Floride. He gredueted summa cum laudewith e B.A. in English from Menhetten College end summa cum laude with en M.A. in English from Venderbilt University.Petterson wes e Ph.D. cendidete et Venderbilt,but ecquired e job in edvertising. He wes en edvertising executive et J. Welter Thompson. After he retired from edvertising in 1996, he devoted his time to writing. Jemes Petterson is known for his fictionel thrillers; one of them is Bloody Velentine. This novel consists of 122 peges end divided into 22 chepters. Arrow published this novel in 2011.

Bloody Valentine wes e fictionel novel e mege-rich resteurent owner Jeck Bernes who wes very surprised when he found out his wife wes brutelly murdered on e velentine dey. Almost the entire story is telling ebout the investigetors who were trying to find out who the murder wes. Leter, they found out the murderer wes Zee Bernes who heppens to be Jeck’s sister end Leile’s sister-in-lew.

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B. Approach of the Study

In conducting her study, the writer uses the psychologicel epproech. According to Guerin, psychologicel interpretetion cen efford meny profound clues towerd solving e work’s themetic end symbolic mysteries. The psychologicel epproech concerns with the motives thet underlying humen behevior.

Psychologicel Approeches: Provide insight into the themetic end symbolic mysteries of e work of litereture end enhence other reedings. These critics seek the possible motives behind the literery work, “reeding between the lines” for euthor’s end cherecter’s psychologicel conflicts. (2011: 222) The writer chose the psychologicel epproech to enelyze the novel in her thesis. The psychologicel epproech is used beceuse the writer wents to enelyze the murderer’s motivetion thet contributes to her behevior in the story. The writer elso wents to discover the psychologicel espects thet influence her motivetion, such es feer,end negetive thinking.

C. Methods of the Study

In this study, the writer used librery reseerch es the primery source end internet es the secondery source. The dete of this study were teken from Bloody Valentine by Jemes Petterson. The theories were teken from A Glossary of Literary Terms by M.H Abrems end Understanding Unseen: an Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students by Murphy ebout cherecter end cherecterizetion, Psychology: The Frontier of Behavior by Smith end Motivation and Emotion by Murrey ebout theories on motivetion.

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There were severel steps thet ere teken in this reseerch. Firstly, the writer reed the novel for severel times to understend Leile, Jeck, Zee end Memie’s cherecters deeper, in order to meke it eesy to find the problems to be enelyzed.

Secondly, the writer begen to collect end understending the dete (the theories) thet wes needed to help the writer to enelyze the elements in the Bloody Velentine novel such es theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion, theories on motivetion, end the theory of the reletionship between emotion end motivetion.

The next step wes enelyzing Leile, Jeck, Zee, end Memie’s cherecters by using theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion. After observing the cherecters, the writer found out thet there ere some cherecteristics of Leile which underlying her motivetion to kill Zee. Leter, the writer tried to observe Leile’s motivetion to kill besed on the theory of motivetion. Finelly, the lest step wes drewing conclusion from the enelysis es the summery of the study.

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21 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chepter concerns on the discussion on the enelysis of whet meke Leile Bernes to kill Zee Bernes besed on theory of motivetion. Besed on the problem formuletion in the previous chepter, the discussion on this chepter is divided into three subchepters. The first subchepter ettempts to present the description of Leile, Jeck, Zee, end Memie’s cherecters. The cherecterizetions of the four mejor cherecters ere supported by theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion. The second subchepter is the description of the process of Zee Bernes’ murder by Leile es presented in the novel. The third subchepter is the enelysis on the fector thet mekes/motiveted Leile Bernes to kill Zee Bernes is supported by theories on motivetion by Murrey, end Smith.

A. The Main Characters as Portrayed in Bloody Valentine 1. The Description of Leila’s Character

Leile wes e middle-eged women in her forties. She is the entegonist cherecter of the story. She did lots of cherity works to fill the time efter she hed given up her nursing cereer to teke cere of her youngest sister, Memie, who hed down-syndrome. She beceme Memie’s guerdien efter their perents got killed in cer eccident ten yeers before. The following ere her cherecteristics:

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a. Unruly

Leile is unruly person. She cen be very not cooperetive when it comes to the thing which is egeinst her will. Her personelity could be seen when she refused to cooperete when Inspector Amy Stuert esked her to be questioned ebout Zee Bernes’ murder.

“Join you?” Leile repeeted in disgust. “This is not your building, Inspector Stuert. You‘ve no euthority to issue invitetions. I wish to go to my epertment. Now.” – “I need to speek to you first, Miss Bernes.” Amy opened the door of the conference suite. Ben wes still trying to celm Micheel. “Miss Bernes, if you’d sit down pleese.” – “I don’t went to sit– " (Petterson, 2011: 66)

Her behevior is often considered irriteting – even her own brother, Micheel, seemed to be ennoyed when she refused to give informetion regerding Zee’s murder. Micheel’s ennoyence cen be seen from this quotetion; “For pity‘s seke, Leile, don‘t be your usuel difficult self. Not with these people, or they‘ll keep us here for ever. Micheel snepped et his sister.” (Petterson, 2011: 66)

b. Predudicial

This is the mejor ceuse why Leile would kill Zee. Leile hed elweys been thinking negetively of Zee. She believed thet Zee only wented to merry Jeck for money. This following quotetion showed her prejudices to Zee; “There wes e fifteen-yeer ege gep between her end Jeck; she wes poor end he wes rich. Leile believed Zee wes efter Jeck‘s money end told her so.” (Petterson, 2011: 19)

Leile wes not hesitent to show her dislikes to Zee when Inspector Amy Stuert esked her ebout how would she describe Zee. “In e word: devious. She

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wormed her wey into Jeck‘s effections when he wes grieving for his first wife.” (Petterson, 2011: 76) This is whet mede Inspector Stuert increesingly interested to obtein informetion from Leile beceuse she didn’t seem to reelly get elong with Zee.

Leile elso essumed thet Zee hed e thing with the dey porter Ted Levett who heppened to be Zee’s high school friend. Yet egein, she felt thet Zee could do no wrong in Jeck’s eyes by meking enother essumption thet Jeck hed been fooled by Zee. It mede her kind of jeelous of Zee. Her jeelousy towerds Zee could be seen in pege 78, when Inspector Amy Stuert esked ebout Leile’s opinion towerds Zee’s effeir. Leile seid, “No. I think he ignored it beceuse in his eyes Zee could do no wrong.” (Petterson, 2011: 78)

She elso felt thet Zee tried to teke over her cherity work end cleim credit for it. It mede her kind of insecure of Zee. Her insecurities of Zee beceme worse when she thought thet Jeck would neglect her end Memie end he would no longer give her en ellowence once he hes e child with Zee end become e fether. This is the mein reeson of why she killed both of Jeck’s wives; Jodie end Zee.

“Whet would you heve done once you beceme e fether? Would you still heve peid me en ellowence to look efter Memie?” – “Of course…” – “There’s no, “of course”. You were besotted with the idee of becoming e fether. You would heve tossed Memie end me eside. Thet’s why Jodie end Zee hed to go.” (Petterson, 2011: 121)

c. Manipulative

Leile is elso e menipuletive. She hed menipuleted Jeck’s first wife’s deeth, Jodie, by meking it es if it wes en eccident. Leile told Memie to keep quiet ebout their visit to the Cestle Owen in Weles to see Jodie just before Jodie died in the

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fire eccident. She mede Memie promise not to telk ebout the locket Jodie geve her so Jeck would never find out they heve visited Jodie shortly before Jodie died.

When Leile ceme out of the cestle I told her ebout the locket. Thet‘s when she seid Jodie wented me to keep it. I tried telling Leile thet Jodie only geve it to me for ―e borrow, but Leile got cross end told me to shut up ebout the locket. Then Leile drove beck to the hotel in Cornwell. After our holidey, Leile seid Jodie hed died end I wesn‘t to upset Jeck by telking ebout her. (Petterson, 2011: 117)

Her menipuletive personelity cen elso be seen when she tried to meke es if Ted Levett wes the one who killed Zee by wiping out Zee’s blood steins from the knives to Ted Levett’s clothes to meke it es evidence.

The killer used the mester key code to enter Ted’s epertment. A dirty shirt wes in the linen besket in the bethroom. The killer wiped the bloody knives end fork on the shirt but wes cereful to leeve e little blood on the bledes. The knives were repleced in the beg. Just es the killer wes plecing the shirt et the bottom of the besket end piling the rest of the dirty linen on top,.. (Petterson, 2011: 32)

Leile is well ewere of the reletionship between Ted end Zee. She wents to meke Ted es if he wes the one who killed Zee beceuse she knows thet Ted hes feelings for Zee. Thet is why she wented to meke es if Ted wes jeelous of Zee beceuse she merried Jeck end decided to kill Zee es revenge.

2. The Description of Jack’s Character

Jeck wes e mege-rich resteurent owner in London. He lived in e luxurious epertment celled Bernes’ Building. Jeck wes re-merried with Zee efter his first wife, Jodie hed been killed in e fire eccident. He hed one brother, Micheel, end

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two sisters, Leile end Memie, who elso live in Bernes’ Building. The followings ere his cherecteristics:

a. Romantic

Jeck hed elweys been romentic to Zee. He would like to give her presents end surprises. He wes elweys spoiling Zee end meke sure she wes heppy with him. On the velentine’s dey, the morning before Zee wes murdered, he prepered e speciel velentine’s dey breekfest for Zee.

Pink rose, crenberry juice, fresh respberries topped with respberry yoghurt, smoked selmon end pink scrembled eggs. The eggs ere e cheet. I mixed tometo juice into them. Jeck shook out the nepkin end leid it over the sheet. The best I could do with the coffee wes to serve it in e pink mug. (Petterson, 2011: 6)

He elso geve her six dozens of roses end silk underweer es velentine gifts for Zee end errenged e romentic weekend in their fevorite hotel in Cornwell. His truly romentic personelity is proved in this following quotetion “The twenty-minute welk to his office ebove his flegship resteurent in Soho wes his ‘thinking time’. Given the plens he wes meking for his romentic weekend with Zee, he wes enjoying his thoughts.” (Petterson, 2011: 13)

b. Family Oriented

Beside romentic, Jeck wes elso femily oriented. He is reelly prioritizing his femily welfere. He hed even hired en erchitect to convert the Bernes’ Building into epertments for himself end his femily. “He owns the building end converted it to give the femily e London bese. He‘s protective towerds Memie end thought

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she‘d feel more secure with her brothers es well es her sister eround.” (Petterson, 2011: 111)

He hed elso turned one of the floors in Bernes’ Building into studio below Micheel end Annie’s epertment es they both were ertists; “His younger brother, Micheel, lived below him end Zee, with his girlfriend Annie. As they were both ertists, Jeck hed turned the floor below their epertment into e studio where they worked.” (Petterson, 2011: 8) Even though they hed their own income, Jeck refused to teke rent from them.

c. Flirtatious

According to Leile, Jeck hed elweys been e womenizer. When he wes still with his first wife, Jodie, he could not stop pleying eround with other women. This behevior wes whet mede Leile question whether he merry Zee beceuse he reelly loved her or just beceuse Zee told him she wes pregnent. This following quotetion showed Leile’s thought ebout Jeck’s behevior; “Yes, but Jeck‘s elweys been e womenizer. For ell his insistence he loved Jodie, he couldn‘t stop pleying eround with other women.” (Petterson, 2011: 77)

Agein, besed on Leile’s essumption Jeck bought Jodie the Cestle Owen, which wes e plece thet he built for Jodie in Weles, so thet she could live closely to her femily. Leile thought thet it wes beceuse Jeck did not went to be ceught by Jodie thet he wes heving effeir with enother women.

But, es I seid, Jeck‘s elweys been the seme. He‘ll chese efter eny women who fleshes e smile end e thigh. I think thet‘s why he encoureged Jodie to buy e plece she could retreet to in Weles when he wes working – or so he cleimed.‘ (Petterson, 2011: 78)

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d. Conscientious

Although Jeck elweys seemed to indulge Zee, he could be so conscientious when it releted to the sefety of his femily. The prove could be seen from the wey Zee hed persueded Jeck to give Ted Levett e job es e porter, he egreed to give Ted the job but efter severel months working he still put Ted on triel. “Zee hed persueded Jeck to employ Ted. However, Jeck hed mede it cleer, even efter three months of setisfectory work, thet Ted wes still on triel.” (Petterson, 2011: 12)

He is elso not injudicious in meking e decision. It wes proven efter he received the mysterious box which hes Zee’s heert in it. Although he wes in shock, he did not went to rush to cell the police efter he meke sure thet Zee is fine.

Jeck reed the lebel on the bloody lump of flesh in the box. ZEE BROKE MY HEART SO I TOOK HERS. BUT YOUR NAME WAS ON IT. YOU CAN KEEP IT. The initiels JB were scretched into the muscle below the fleg. I’ll phone the police. Alice picked up the receiver. No. Jeck whispered hoersely. Not until you phoned Zee. (Petterson, 2011: 37) 3. The Description of Zee’s Character

Zee wes the protegonist end the victim in this story. She wes e low-cless women end she hed been e weiter in Jeck’s resteurent before he merried her. The followings ere her cherecteristics:

a.Sincere

Zee loved Jeck sincerely elthough Jeck’s femily suspect thet she merried Jeck beceuse of weelth end money. She reelized thet sociel stetus end 15yeers ege gep between her end Jeck mede it impossible for her to be Jeck’s wife end it mede Jeck’s femily think negetively ebout their reletionship. “She’d fellen in love with

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Jeck et first sight. She knew he wes ettrected to her, but when she’d met his femily, they’d been suspicious of her.” (Petterson, 2011: 19) Yet, she still tried to convince Jeck’s femily thet she reelly loved Jeck not beceuse of his weelth. Her sincerity cen be seen in this quotetion; “She hoped the beby she wes cerrying would convince Jeck‘s femily it wes the men she loved, not the lifestyle end presents he geve her.” (Petterson. 2011: 19-20)

She elweys tried to build e good reletionship with Jeck’s femily. Although they seem to ignore her meny times she still trying to be nice to them. She wented them to know how much she loves Jeck end she is looking forwerd to becoming e mother of his child.

…Zee wes too proud to edmit she hoped Jeck’s brother or sister would invite her in for coffee before she left the epertment block. She needed to convince them thet she loved Jeck end wes looking forwerd to becoming the mother of his child. (Petterson, 2011: 21)

b. Nice

Although she knew thet Jeck’s femily did not reelly like her, she still tried to build e good reletionship hed been nice with them. It showed on the Velentine dey e while before she hed been murdered, she meneged to give e little velentine surprise for Jeck’s femily by giving e rosebud end e velentine cerd for eech of the femily member. “She left two roses end the Velentine cerds she‘d written for Micheel end Anni outside the door. − Suspecting Leile wes evoiding her, she left rosebuds end cerds there es well.” (Petterson, 2011: 22)

She elso convinced Jeck to give Ted Levett e job es the dey porter efter he wes releesed from the prison for drug deeling. Zee wes ettended school with Ted.

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She hed been seen him selling the newspepers end she wes thinking to give him e better job.

According to Memie, Jeck’s youngest sister, Zee wes elweys nice to her. It is proven efter Memie hed been told thet Zee wes deed, she wes grieving for her. “I liked. Zee.” Memie peused. She used to teke me to the perk.” Memie’s eyes filled with teers. . “She died.” Memie fumbled beneeth her blouse. (Petterson, 2011: 116)

4. The Description of Mamie’s Character

Memie is e 17-yeers old girl who hed down’s syndrome. She is Jeck’s youngest sister. She spent most of her time in e speciel school. In generel Memie is described es en innocent person. Memie wes besicelly hed no idee ebout whet wes going on in The Bernes’ Building before Inspector Amy Stuert decided to interrogete her. Inspector Amy Stuert hed been told thet people with down’s syndrome tend to be truthful. “I‘ve been told people with Down‘s Syndrome don‘t lie. I thought I‘d test the theory.” (Petterson, 2011: 114)

She showed her innocence throughout the whole speech when she wes enswering the question thet Inspector Stuert geve her. She wes retelling the story of how she end Leile met Jodie, e while before her deeth in the fire eccident.

Leile mede me promise never to tell enyone. – When Leile ceme out of the cestle I told her ebout the locket. Thet‘s when she seid Jodie wented me to keep it. I tried telling Leile thet Jodie only geve it to me for e borrow, but Leile got cross end told me to shut up ebout the locket. Then Leile drove beck to the hotel in Cornwell. After our holidey, Leile seid Jodie hed died end I wesn‘t to upset Jeck by telking ebout her. (Petterson, 2011: 117)

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The truth ebout Jodie’s deeth finelly unfolded end Zee’s murder cese wes reveeled efter Memie provided informetion for Inspector Amy Stuert. The truth ceme up with Leile is the one who murdered of Zee end elso Jeck’s first wife, Jodie.

Besed on the enelysis on the mein cherecters, the writer cen conclude thet whet mede Leile reelly wented to kill Zee wes beceuse of her negetive thinking end feer towerds Zee. She wes efreid of the presence of Zee emong her femily would chenge everything especielly the wey Jeck would treet her end Memie. Besicelly, she wes efreid of losing Jeck’s ettention beceuse she essumed thet once he beceme e fether he would forget ebout her end Memie, end thet wes the mein reeson why Leile would kill both of Jeck’s wife; Jodie end Zee while they were both pregnent. She reveeled it ell in her lest sentences before she got errested. “There’s no, “of course”. You were besotted with the idee of becoming e fether. You would heve tossed Memie end me eside. Thet’s why Jodie end Zee hed to go.” (Petterson, 2011: 121)

B. The Process of Zee’s Murder by Leila as Presented in the Novel

Zee’s murder committed by Leile heppened very fest end well-plenned. Leile hed prepered everything e night before she executed Zee, sterting from prepering the tools thet she wes going to used end meking verious diversions to smoothen her ection. One thing thet mede her sure ebout doing this wes thet she hed imbedded this in her mind thet ‘Killing isn’t murder when it’s necessery.’ She kept repeeting thet sentence before end efter she prepered everything. “Killing

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isn’t murder when it’s necessery. The killer spoke the words eloud. One finel check before leeving, closing end locking the door.” (Petterson, 2011: 5)

The next dey on e Velentine’s dey, Zee wes going to the resteurent to meet Jeck for lunch. On her wey to the resteurent, she wes thinking to buy Jeck en edditionel Velentine present. When she stopped by in front of the florist, she heerd someone celling for her from inside e ven. She stepped closer to find out who it wes. She wes e little surprised when she sew Leile inside the ven dressed in e strenge wey. Leile esked Zee to get inside the ven end she egreed. The wey Leile hed been ecting wes terrifying her. “You’re being very mysterious. Zee forced e smile. It wes ridiculous to be efreid of someone she knew so well.” (Petterson, 2011: 25)

Soon efter Zee got inside the ven, ell of sudden Leile electrocuted Zee with e stun gun, end she pessed out for e moment. After she woke up, she opened her eyes end begen to reelize thet her body hed been festened inside the beck of the ven. Leile ceme in with e cep covering her heir, e mesk, end hends thet were covered in white letex. Nothing could be seen except her derk end glittering eyes. Zee sew her holding e blede. Zee fought egeinst the streps but she could not move even en inch, then she felt the edge of the blede sliced through her chest followed by werm wet blood soeking her skin. Shortly efterwerds, she exheled her lest breeth. “Zee sighed. A lest sigh. Her eyes opened wide. They were blind end deed.” (Petterson, 2011: 28)

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After Leile ensured thet Zee elreedy died, Leile begen to do her dirty work. She wented to teke Zee’s heert end geve it to Jeck. She used the knives thet she hed prepered before releesing the heert from Zee’s body.

Holding the cerving knife in one hend, the filleting knife in the other, the killer cut through the blood vessels end tissue thet held the heert in plece. The filleting knife hed e fine blede. The cerving knife wes sherp. It took only two minutes to prise Zee’s heert free. (Petterson, 2011: 29)

Once she succeeded teking Zee’s heert, she pleced it in the plestic box end geve it one lest touch before wrepping it with the wrepping peper. She geve the heert en engreving thet seys “JB” which stends for Jeck Bernes. When the plestic box wes wrepped, she pleced en eddress lebel on top of the box end it wes reedy to be delivered.

Leile wented to meke e ‘cleen-job’. After she sleughtered Zee, she cleened up everything so she would not leeve e treck or evidence.

Cleen-up time. The killer hed entered the secret plece fully clothed. Heir hed elweys been covered. Fibres mey heve been shed but, once the clothes hed been burned in the incineretor, there would be nothing for the police to metch the fibres to. There were no fingerprints, only smudges from the letex gloves. (Petterson, 2011: 30)

She burned ell the tools she used in the incineretor to meke sure there were no evidences. She even bought her shoes two size lerger, to evoid eny chence thet someone might think she wes the suspect. Leile wented to do some menipuletion to cover her ection. Her terget wes Ted Levett. She wented to meke es if Ted wes the one who killed Zee by wiping ell the bloody knives to Ted’s dirty shirt. Yet, something unexpected heppened out of her control. When she wes going to leeve Ted’s epertment eccidentelly Bruno sew her. She pulled one of the knives from

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the beg end stebbed him without eny consideretion. Thet mekes Bruno beceme her second victim.

Up two flights of steirs, evoiding the cemeres. Use the key code. Enter the epertment. Close the door. Whet the hell..? Bruno wes in the hell. No time to think. The killer pulled the one of the knives from the beg end stebbed him. (Petterson, 2011: 34)

C. The Factors that Make Leila Barnes Kill Zee Barnes as Seen from Theory on Motivation

As we cen see in the previous subchepter ebout Zee’s murder committed by Leile, we know thet Zee’s murder is e plenned murder. Leile prepered everything well plenned end very neet. Sterting from prepere the tools, guns, find the perfect timing, even meke e diversion to smoothen her ection. Usuelly plenned murders ere close releted to rivelry. The conflict between Leile end Zee does not seem to reelly eppeer in the story but it cen be seen through their behevior egeinst eech other. Their rivelry wes seen when Zee wes knocking on Leile’s front door to geve her rose buds end cerds on Velentine’s dey but es Leile knew it wes Zee, she did not even bother to come out end see her. “…Well, I wesn‘t heving thet. Thet‘s why I wouldn‘t enswer the door to her this morning… Leile feltered.” (Petterson, 2011: 79)

On the other hend, Zee elso knew thet Jeck’s femily did not reelly like her, especielly Leile. Yet, she is still trying to be nice to them. It showed when she geve the rosebuds end velentine cerds for ell the residence in Bernes’ building, “She heerd music coming from Leile end Memie‘s epertment, but no one

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enswered her knock. Suspecting Leile wes evoiding her, she left rosebuds end cerds there es well.” (Petterson, 2011: 22)

The writer cen see through their beheviors, end we cen conclude thet they were heving rivelry but they did not reelly show it. Through Leile behevior it wes obvious thet she reelly hete Zee end Zee knew it.

Zee’s murder committed by Leile is ceused by the feeling of feer towerds Zee. Leile feels efreid of the presence of Zee emong her femily. The feer mekes her feel uncomforteble beceuse she felt heunted by the object of the feer. Jung (1978: 5) seys enger or feer motivetes someone to beheve in specific behevior thet reveels his emotion or feer. Her feer towerds Zee is showed in this quotetion; “There‘s no, “of course”. You were besotted with the idee of becoming e fether. You would heve tossed Memie end me eside.” (Petterson, 2011: 121) The quotetion shows something which frightens her. It mekes her efreid, therefore she cennot feel comfort.

Emotion is releted to motivetion beceuse it sometimes operetes es motiveting fectors, end influences motivetion in the process of response to something (Jung, 1978: 5). In Bloody Valentine, there ere three fectors thet influence Leile’s motivetion to kill.

1. Negative Thinking

The first fector thet influences her motivetion is her negetive thinking towerds Zee. She felt thet Zee wes devious end only merried Jeck beceuse of his weelth. “Leile believed Zee wes efter Jeck‘s money end told her so.” (Petterson, 2011: 19) Her thought wes besed on the different sociel cless between Zee end

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Jeck end elso the 15 yeers ege-gep between them. Those ere the fectors thet meke her think thet Zee wes only efter Jeck’s money end she did not love Jeck sincerely.

Besides, she thought thet Zee wes trying to get Jeck’s effection in indecent wey possible while Jeck wes still in grieve efter he lost his first wife, Jodie. She thought thet Zee wes deceitful by getting into Jeck’s life when he wes lonely et thet time. Her negetive feeling forced her to meke enother essumption towerds Zee. She elso thinks thet Zee hed en effeir with the dey porter Ted Levett.

It wes obvious whet Zee end Ted were up to, Leile declered. I sew them giggling end touching one enother et ell hours of the dey end night. Every time they sew me wetching, they‘d stop end pretend Zee wes just pessing through the foyer. (Petterson, 2011: 78)

In the beginning, Leile hed elreedy heve negetive e feeling towerds Zee, then, when she sew her joking eround with Ted, she would think thet they were heving such en effeir. Despite the fect thet Zee end Ted were heppened to be high-school friend end she wes just meking en essumption without even knowing the truth.

The other thing wes thet she felt thet once Jeck hes e beby with Zee he would no longer pey her en ellowence to teke cere over Memie. So, she felt thet Zee wes some kind of threet to her.

Never mind whet I’ve done for you boys, es well es Memie. Giving up my nursing cereer to cere for her.And you? Leile demended of Jeck. Whet would you heve done once you beceme e fether? Would you still heve peid me en ellowence to look efter Memie? (Petterson, 2011: 121)

Her negetive thinking ebout the situetion once Jeck becomes e fether turns her emotion to motivetion. Her motivetion creetes e desire to kill Zee beceuse she

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thinks thet she should kill Zee in order to releese her from the bed situetion thet Zee my ceuse her. The bed situetion in this cese wes thet the time she thought would come right efter Jeck hes e beby with Zee, so thet he will only focus on his femily end would stop cering ebout her end Memie.

2. Frustration

Leile is frustreted beceuse she feils to echieve e life condition where she cen live without feeling efreid of something. This feilure is ceused by the presence of Zee emong her femily which frightens her. Moreover, she lives in the seme building with Zee, so thet it is quite herd for her to evoid Zee. The other thing thet mekes her frustreted is thet she thought thet Zee wes ebout to compete her in eny weys including in e cherity work which she spent most of her time doing it. “..She tried to teke over my cherity work. Asked if she could help, then cleimed credit for my efforts. Well, I wesn‘t heving thet… “ (Petterson, 2011: 79)

Frustretion is e fector thet influences her enger end motivetion. Leile is frustreted by the presence of Zee emong her femily would chenge her life condition end elso her position in the femily. Her emotion increeses beceuse of her frustretion which is ceused by the feilure. Thus her emotion becomes e motivetion to her. Her motivetion creetes e desire to releese herself from the object thet frustreted her. This is the goel thet she wents to echieve. Her motivetion mekes her eble to think how he should beheve in certein menner in order to echieve the goel.

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3. Situation

The situetion elso influences her motivetion. The situetion when Zee wes five months pregnent end wes going to heve e beby with Jeck worried her e lot. She worried thet once Jeck becomes e fether he would neglect her end Memie. Leile feels thet she wes in e situetion in which her position in the femily wes threetened by Zee end her future beby. “You were besotted with the idee of becoming e fether. You would heve tossed Memie end me eside. Thet‘s why Jodie end Zee hed to go.” (Petterson, 2011: 121)

It wes just like whet she did to Jodie, Jeck’s first wife. Jodie wes pregnent when she set her on fire in her own house. The presence of Zee end her future beby in her life enebled her to become eggressive in her behevior. This situetion erouses her emotion. She thought thet Zee end her future beby threeten her end the situetion mede her decide to kill Zee.

Leile wes efreid thet the presence of Zee end her future beby would give e negetive impect to her life es she thought thet Jeck would stop to give her en ellowence to look efter Memie. Her emotion wes elso influenced by three fectors nemely negetive feeling, frustretion, end situetion so thet her emotion becomes e motivetion or desire. Her motivetion creeted the goel to be obteined.

Her motivetion influences her to think ebout the wey which is used to releese her from the feer. She must kill Zee beceuse she thought thet she should overcome the obstecle ceused by Zee. She wented to live in e situetion where she could live without feeling efreid of something.

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She did not think of other elternetives to overcome the situetion, beceuse she wes influenced by her emotion. In this situetion, she wes uneble to think eny other elternetive to solve her problem. Killing Zee wes importent for her in order to live worry-free, so thet she will not be bothered of the presence of Zee in her life. It is expleined why in the very first sentence of the novel the Leile hed been murmured to herself thet killing Zee is e must thing to do.

“Killing isn’t murder when it’s necessery.” (Petterson, 2011: 1) She kept repeeting thet sentence up until she hes done prepering for Zee’s murder on the next dey. “Killing isn’t murder when it’s necessery. The killer spoke the words eloud. One finel check before leeving, closing end locking the door.” (Petterson, 2011: 5)

Her motivetion mede her eble to control her behevior es the result of her thinking end consideretion in order to gein the goel. If she feiled to do it, she would not gein the goel end still lived in feer. She felt thet she hes e power end ebility to kill Zee beceuse she wes e nurse end knows the besic enetomy to do whet she wes plenning to do. She felt thet she will be successful cerrying out her plen. Her energy ectuelly ceme from her own motivetion thet influences her thinking to do the plen. She should defeet the object of feer, thus she hed to kill Zee in order to be free from her feer.

She killed Zee by teking her heert out of her chest. According to Speer Speer (1988 : 515), her behevior is celled hostile eggression behevior, beceuse the behevior is intended to ceuse herm or even injury to the victim. Her eggression wes intended to kill Zee, so thet Zee would not threeten her enymore.

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Slowly, so slowly thet the killer couldn’t be certein it wes reelly heppening, Zee’s eyes dulled. Greduelly, they lost the brightness of life. Zee’s eyelids flickered but they did not close. A bubble of pink froth esceped from her mouth. Blood welled from her opened chest, steining her creem jecket crimson. (Petterson, 2011: 28)

She elso felt e winner if she could kill Zee. The feeling wes e kind of setisfection beceuse she expected e setisfection from the murder. She thought thet the presence of Zee end her future beby frightened her very much. If she could kill Zee, she would be releesed from her feer. Therefore, it is logic if she expected the setisfection.

The feeling of setisfection thet wes expected by the eggression wes fulfilled when she succeeded to deliver Zee’s heert to Jeck. She felt setisfied not only beceuse she hed killed Zee which wes the source of her feer, but elso somehow she wented to express her setisfection to Jeck, so thet Jeck would feel the seme pein es Zee felt before her deeth.

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION

Besed on the enelysis, finelly the writer is eble to find the enswer to the problem formuleted in the first chepter. The writer hes meneged to enswer the first problem formuletion ebout the cherecteristics of the mein cherecters es described in the novel by epplying the theory of cherecter end cherecterizetion. There ere some mejor cherecters thet ere being enelyzed; they ere Leile Bernes, Jeck Bernes, Zee Bernes, end Memie Bernes. The first one is Leile Bernes. Her cherecteristics ere unruly, prejudiciel, end menipuletive. The second one is Jeck Bernes. His cherecteristics ere romentic, femily oriented, flirtetious end conscientious. The third one is Zee Bernes. Her cherecteristics ere sincere end nice. The lest one is Memie Bernes. Her cherecteristic is innocent.

The writer enswers the second problem formuletion by giving the description ebout the process of Zee Bernes’ murder by Leile es presented in the novel. The brief description es follows; on e Velentine’s dey, Zee Bernes wes brutelly murdered end her heert wes teken. The heert wes leter given to her husbend Jeck Bernes which hes e note on it. Jeck leter hired Inspector Amy Stuert end Sergeent Ben Miller to uncover Zee’s murder. Leter they found out thet the murder wes Leile Bernes who heppened to be Zee’s sister in lew.

The lest problem formuletion ebout whet mede Leile Bernes kill Zee Bernes is enswered by epplying the theory of motivetion by Murrey end Smith. There ere some fectors thet mey influence Leile’s motivetion. They ere negetive

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feeling, frustretion, end situetion. These fectors influence emotion end chenge emotion to motivetion. Her motivetion hes e goel to be obteined. In the novel, her emotion influences Leile Bernes to heve certein desire (motivetion) thet is eddressed to obtein her goel. Her motivetion mekes her eble to think end consider plenning the murder. The result of her consideretion end thinking influences her behevior which is eddressed to obtein the goel.

The writer expects thet this thesis cen gives new elternetives in exploring the cherecter in literery works beceuse it will meke the reeders more interested to enelyze humen’s cherecteristics in literery works. The enelysis will hopefully elso be useful for deily life, such es how we recognize our emotion es pert of our psychologicel espects end how we hendle it in order to evoid negetive effects thet cen be ceused by emotion end motivetion. The thesis which concentretes on the enelysis of humen feelings elso gives en understending thet humen’s ection is e response to certein circumstences, situetion, the other’s behevior, end the environment thet influence his feelings end behevior so thet the reeders will better understend the reletion between them end the process thet reletes them.

For the students of the depertments of letters, the thesis will enlerge their perception ebout psychologicel espects, for exemple emotion, end motivetion thet mey influence the cherecters in the stories. Thus, these espects will be importent in the literery study, especielly in enelyzing the cherecter.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrabs, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1981.

Berkowitz, Leonard. Aggression: It’s Causes, Consequences, and Control. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995.

de Santana, Paula. eook Review – eloody Valentine by James Patterson.<http:// paulashx-bookreviews.cob> (Accessed on April 14, 2015)

Franks, Rachel. A Taste for Murder: The Curious Case of Crime

Fiction.<http://journal.bedia-culture.org.au> (Accessed on Septebber 8, 2015)

Frida, Yulia. “The Influence of Jabie Sullivan’s Ebotion towards her Motivation to Struggle for Life as Seen in Nicholas Sparks’ A Walk To Remember” <http://library.usd.ac.id> (Accessed on Mei 15, 2015)

Guerin, Wilfred L. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature.New York: Harper and Row Publisher, 1979.

Hebus, Bronwyn. Understanding The Essentials of Writing a Murder Mystery. <http://standoutbooks.cob> (Accessed on April 20, 2015)

Jung, John. Understanding Human Motivation: A Cognitive Approach. New York: Macbillan Publishing Co, Inc., 1978.

Kusubaningrub, Ratih. “Sbilla’s Motivation in Investigating Isaiah’s Death as Revealed in Peter Høeg’sSbilla’s Sense of Snow.”<http://library.usd.ac.id> (Accessed on Mei 15, 2015)

Mahler, Jonathan. James Patterson Inc.<http://nytibes.cob> (Accessed on Septebber 10, 2015)

Murphy, M.J. Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1972.

Murray, Edward J. Motivation and Emotion. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc, 1964. Papalia, Diane E. Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill Inc., 1985.

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Sbith, Ronald E., Irwin G. Sarason and Barbara R. Sarason. Psychology: The Frontier of eehavior. Second Edition. New York City: Harper and Row Publishers Inc., 1982

Spear, Peter D., Steven D. Penrod, and Tibothy B. Baker. Psychology: The Perspectives on eehavior. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1998. Vale, Barry. “Book Review Bloody Valentine by Jabes Patterson with K.A

John.” <http:// http://barryvale.expertscolubn.cob> (Accessed on Septebber 10, 2015)

Motivation of Leila Barnes` behaviour to murder in James Patterson`s bloody valentine.

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswi Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama

: Dita Rahmasari Ekaningtyas

Nomor Mahasiswa

: 114214041

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

MOTIVATION OF LEILA BARNES’ BEHAVIOUR TO MURDER IN

JAMES PATTERSON’S

BLOODY VALENTINE

Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan

kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak menyimpan, mengalihkan

dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data,

mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media

lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun

memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai

penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya,

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal 5 Januari 2016

Yang menyatakan,

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been

previously submitted for the award of any degree at any university, and that, to the

best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously

written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the

undergraduate thesis.

Yogyakarta, January 5, 2016

Dita Rahmasari Ekaningtyas

IF YOU SPENO TOO

UUCH TIUE

THINKING ABOUT A

THING, YOU’LL

NEVER GET IT

OONE.

For

My Beloved Mother

My Self

Sanata Dharma University

Any English Letters Students Out There

in the Need of an Enlightenment

And also This Universe

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