Gambaran Kejadian Sindrom Cushing pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik (RSUPHAM) Medan Tahun 2012 hingga 2015
43
Daftar Pustaka
Acton, Q.A., 2012. Cushing Syndrome: New Insights for Healthcare Professional. 1st
Ed. Atalanta: Schlolarly Editions. p.81.
Alatas, H., Tambunan, T., Trihono, P.P., Pardede, S.O., 2004. Konsesus Tata
Laksana Sindrom Nefrotik Idiopatik Pada Anak. Unit Kerja Koordinasi
Nefrologi
Ikatan
Dokter
Anak
Indonesia.
Available
from:
http://pustaka.unpad.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2013/12/Pustaka_Unpad_Konsensus_-Tatalaksana_Sindroma_-Nefrotik.pdf.pdf [Accesed 9 Desember 2015]
American Academy of Pediatric, 2015. Ages & Stages. USA: American Academy of
Pediatric.
Available
from:
http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-
stages/Pages/default.aspx [Accesed 30 may 2015]
Avner, E.D., Harmon, W.E., Niaudet, P., 2009. Pathophysiology of Hypertension. In:
Pediatric Nephrology. 6th Ed. USA: Springer. p.1504.
Barret, K.E., Barman, S.M., Boitano, S., Brooks, H.L., 2012.The Adrenal medulla
and The Adrenal Cortex. In: Ganong’s review of Medical Physiology.24th Ed.
USA: McGraw-Hill. p.367.
Batubara, J.R.L., Tridjaja, B., Pulungan, A.B, 2010. Korteks Adrenal dan
Gangguannya. Dalam: Buku Ajar Endokrinologi Anak. Ed.1. Jakarta: Badan
Penerbit IDAI, 278-284.
Becker. K.l., 2001. Corticosteroid Therapy. In: Principle and Practice of
Endocrinology and Metabolism. 3th Ed. . Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins. p.753.
Behrman, R.E., Kliegman R., Arvin, A.M., 2000. Metabolik Endokrin. In: Nelson
Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Vol 3. 15th Ed. Jakarta: Penerbit buku Kedokteran EGC,
1977-1979.
44
Bellini, M., 2014.
Available
Systemic Effects of Epidural Steroid Injections. Via Medica.
from:
file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/35084-40633-2-
PB.pdf [Accesed 9 Desember 2015]
Bronstein, M.D., 2011. Physiology and Patophysiology of the HPA Axis. In:
Cushing’s Syndrome. 1st Ed. Patophysiology, Diagnosis ,and Treatment. New
York: Springer, 1-13.
Brook, G.D., Clayton, P., Brown, R., 2005. Adrenal Excess. In: Brook’s Clinical
Pediatric Endrocrinology.5th Ed. USA: Blackwell Publishing,Ltd, 331-332.
Chan, et al. 2007. Pediatric Cushing’s Syndrome: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and
Treatment.
Centre
for
Molecular
Endocrinology.
Available
from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abem/v51n8/10.pdf [Accessed 29 May 2015]
Chrousos, G.P., 2014. Glucocorticoid Theraphy and Cushing Syndrome Treatment &
Available
from:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/921086-treatment [Accessed
29 may
Management.
University
of
Athens.
2015]
Craig, C.R., 1997. Drug Affecting the Endocrine System. In: Modern Pharmacology
with Clinical Application. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
p.694.
Dutta et al, 2012. Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome Following Short-Term Intranasal
Steroid
Use. J Clin Res Pediatric Endocrinology. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459166/pdf/JCRPE-4-157.pdf
[Accesed 9 Desember 2015]
Elzouki, A.Y., Harfi, H.A., Naze ,H.M., Stapleton, F.B., Oh,W., Whitley,R.J.,2012.
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland. In: Textbook of Pediatric. 2nd Ed. New York:
Springer. p.3701.
Goel, K.M., Gupta, D.K., 2012. In: Hutchinson Pediatrics. 2th Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee
brothers Medical Publisher(P)Ltd. p.452.
45
Golan, D.E., 2008. Fundamental Principles of Pharmacology. In: Principles of
Pharmacology: The Pathopysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. 2nd Ed.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.38.
Greenspan, F.S., Gardner, D.G., 2001. Glucocorticoid & Adrenal Androgens. In:
Basic & Clinical Endocrinology Lange. Ed 6th. USA McGraw-Hill. p.345.
Gupte, S., 2004. Cushing’s Syndrome In: Recent Advances in Pediatrics Special
Vol.13: Pediatric Endrocrinology. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers Medical
Publisher (P) Ltd. p.137.
Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E., 2005. Endrocrinology and Reproduction. In: Textbook of
medical physiology-Guyton and Hall. 11th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier saunders,-
950-954).
Katar, S., 2008. Infantile Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome. Indian Journal of
Dermatology.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763772/ [Accesed 9 Desember
2015]
Keil et al, 2004. Early Identification of Cushing’s Syndrome in Children, The
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. Available from: https://csrf.net/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/Early-ID-in-Children.pdf [Accessed 29 May 2015]
Keil, M.F., 2013. Quality of Life and Other Outcomes in Children Treated for
Cushing Syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology. Available from:
http//ncbi.nlm.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3701267/ [Accesed 30 May 2015]
Kliegman, R.M., Behrman,R.E., Stanton, B.F., Jenson, H.B., 2007. The Endocrine
system. In: Neslon Textbook of pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders
Elsevier. p.2370.
Kumar.S., 2004. Cushing's syndrome after intra-articular and intradermal
administration of triamcinolone acetonide in three pediatric patients. US
National Library of Medicine National Institute of Medicine. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15173517 [Accessed 4 Desember 2015]
46
Lifshitz, F., 2007. Adrenal Cortex hypo- and Hyperfuction. In: Pediatric
endocrinology,Volume 2. 5th Ed. New York: Informa Health Care. p.215.
Lila, A.R., 2011. Cushing's syndrome: Stepwise approach to diagnosis. Indian
Journal
of
Endocrinology
and
Metabolism.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230095/
[Accessed
9
Desember 2015]
Linos, D., Heerden, J.A., 2005. Cushing’s Syndrome in Children and Adolescents.
In: Adrenal Glands: Diagnostic Aspects and Surgical Theraphy. New York:
Springer, 87-90.
Liu et al, 2014. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the
complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy, Asthma & clinical
immunology.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765115/pdf/1710-1492-930.pdf [Accessed 9 Desember 2015]
Magiakou et al, 1994. Cushing syndrome in Children and adolescents, The
Journal
of
England.
Available
New
from:
http://nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199409083311002. [Accessed 29 May
2015]
Nieman,L.K., 2008. The Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome: An Endocrine Society
Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology &
Metabolism.
Available
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386281/
from:
[Accessed
4
Desember 2015]
Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Indonesia, 2010. Kamus Besar Bahasa
Indonesia (KBBI). Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
Rudolph, A.M., Hoffman, J.I., Rudoph, C.D., 2007. Adrenal Berlebihan. Dalam:
Buku Ajar Pediatri Rudoph Vol.3. 20th Ed. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran,
1901-1904.
47
Sadarangani, S., 2014. Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome Secondary to Ritonavir
Epidural Triamcinolone Interaction: An Illustrative Case and Review. Hindawi
Publishing
Corporation.
Available
file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/849432%20(1).pdf
from:
[Accessed
4
Desember 2015]
Sharma, S.T., 2014. Cushing’s syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease
management. The Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4407747/pdf/clep-7-281.pdf
[Accessed 4 Desember 2015]
Sherwood, L., 2009. Kelenjar Endokrin Perifer. Dalam: Fisiologi Manusia: Dari Sel
ke Sistem. Edisi 6. Jakarta: Penerbit buku Kedokteran EGC. p.764.
Sperling, M.A., 2014. Adrenal Cortex and its Disorders. In: Pediatric Endrocrinology.
4th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p.254.
Stratakis, C.A., 2012. Cushing Syndrome in Pediatric. Endrocrinology Metabolic
Clinic
in
North
America.
Available
from:
http//ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3594781/ [Accessed 30 May 2015]
Stratakis, C.A., 2012. Pediatric Endrocrinology. In: Rapaport, R. (Ed). An Issue of
Endrocrinology and Metabolic Clinic. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 793-
803.
Tanu I., 2007. Pengantar Farmakologi. In: Farmakologi dan Terapi. Jakarta: Badan
Penerbit FKUI, 18-501.
Wilhelm,
K.P.,
2013.
The
Diference
Aspects
of
Pharmacocinetic.
In:
Dermatotoxicology. 8th Ed. New York: Informa Health Care. p.227.
Zoorob, R.J., 1998. A Different Look at Corticosteroids. American Family Physician.
Available from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0801/p443.html
Desember 2015]
[Accessed 4
Daftar Pustaka
Acton, Q.A., 2012. Cushing Syndrome: New Insights for Healthcare Professional. 1st
Ed. Atalanta: Schlolarly Editions. p.81.
Alatas, H., Tambunan, T., Trihono, P.P., Pardede, S.O., 2004. Konsesus Tata
Laksana Sindrom Nefrotik Idiopatik Pada Anak. Unit Kerja Koordinasi
Nefrologi
Ikatan
Dokter
Anak
Indonesia.
Available
from:
http://pustaka.unpad.ac.id/wpcontent/uploads/2013/12/Pustaka_Unpad_Konsensus_-Tatalaksana_Sindroma_-Nefrotik.pdf.pdf [Accesed 9 Desember 2015]
American Academy of Pediatric, 2015. Ages & Stages. USA: American Academy of
Pediatric.
Available
from:
http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-
stages/Pages/default.aspx [Accesed 30 may 2015]
Avner, E.D., Harmon, W.E., Niaudet, P., 2009. Pathophysiology of Hypertension. In:
Pediatric Nephrology. 6th Ed. USA: Springer. p.1504.
Barret, K.E., Barman, S.M., Boitano, S., Brooks, H.L., 2012.The Adrenal medulla
and The Adrenal Cortex. In: Ganong’s review of Medical Physiology.24th Ed.
USA: McGraw-Hill. p.367.
Batubara, J.R.L., Tridjaja, B., Pulungan, A.B, 2010. Korteks Adrenal dan
Gangguannya. Dalam: Buku Ajar Endokrinologi Anak. Ed.1. Jakarta: Badan
Penerbit IDAI, 278-284.
Becker. K.l., 2001. Corticosteroid Therapy. In: Principle and Practice of
Endocrinology and Metabolism. 3th Ed. . Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins. p.753.
Behrman, R.E., Kliegman R., Arvin, A.M., 2000. Metabolik Endokrin. In: Nelson
Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Vol 3. 15th Ed. Jakarta: Penerbit buku Kedokteran EGC,
1977-1979.
44
Bellini, M., 2014.
Available
Systemic Effects of Epidural Steroid Injections. Via Medica.
from:
file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/35084-40633-2-
PB.pdf [Accesed 9 Desember 2015]
Bronstein, M.D., 2011. Physiology and Patophysiology of the HPA Axis. In:
Cushing’s Syndrome. 1st Ed. Patophysiology, Diagnosis ,and Treatment. New
York: Springer, 1-13.
Brook, G.D., Clayton, P., Brown, R., 2005. Adrenal Excess. In: Brook’s Clinical
Pediatric Endrocrinology.5th Ed. USA: Blackwell Publishing,Ltd, 331-332.
Chan, et al. 2007. Pediatric Cushing’s Syndrome: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and
Treatment.
Centre
for
Molecular
Endocrinology.
Available
from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abem/v51n8/10.pdf [Accessed 29 May 2015]
Chrousos, G.P., 2014. Glucocorticoid Theraphy and Cushing Syndrome Treatment &
Available
from:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/921086-treatment [Accessed
29 may
Management.
University
of
Athens.
2015]
Craig, C.R., 1997. Drug Affecting the Endocrine System. In: Modern Pharmacology
with Clinical Application. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
p.694.
Dutta et al, 2012. Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome Following Short-Term Intranasal
Steroid
Use. J Clin Res Pediatric Endocrinology. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459166/pdf/JCRPE-4-157.pdf
[Accesed 9 Desember 2015]
Elzouki, A.Y., Harfi, H.A., Naze ,H.M., Stapleton, F.B., Oh,W., Whitley,R.J.,2012.
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland. In: Textbook of Pediatric. 2nd Ed. New York:
Springer. p.3701.
Goel, K.M., Gupta, D.K., 2012. In: Hutchinson Pediatrics. 2th Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee
brothers Medical Publisher(P)Ltd. p.452.
45
Golan, D.E., 2008. Fundamental Principles of Pharmacology. In: Principles of
Pharmacology: The Pathopysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. 2nd Ed.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.38.
Greenspan, F.S., Gardner, D.G., 2001. Glucocorticoid & Adrenal Androgens. In:
Basic & Clinical Endocrinology Lange. Ed 6th. USA McGraw-Hill. p.345.
Gupte, S., 2004. Cushing’s Syndrome In: Recent Advances in Pediatrics Special
Vol.13: Pediatric Endrocrinology. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers Medical
Publisher (P) Ltd. p.137.
Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E., 2005. Endrocrinology and Reproduction. In: Textbook of
medical physiology-Guyton and Hall. 11th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier saunders,-
950-954).
Katar, S., 2008. Infantile Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome. Indian Journal of
Dermatology.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763772/ [Accesed 9 Desember
2015]
Keil et al, 2004. Early Identification of Cushing’s Syndrome in Children, The
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. Available from: https://csrf.net/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/Early-ID-in-Children.pdf [Accessed 29 May 2015]
Keil, M.F., 2013. Quality of Life and Other Outcomes in Children Treated for
Cushing Syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology. Available from:
http//ncbi.nlm.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3701267/ [Accesed 30 May 2015]
Kliegman, R.M., Behrman,R.E., Stanton, B.F., Jenson, H.B., 2007. The Endocrine
system. In: Neslon Textbook of pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders
Elsevier. p.2370.
Kumar.S., 2004. Cushing's syndrome after intra-articular and intradermal
administration of triamcinolone acetonide in three pediatric patients. US
National Library of Medicine National Institute of Medicine. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15173517 [Accessed 4 Desember 2015]
46
Lifshitz, F., 2007. Adrenal Cortex hypo- and Hyperfuction. In: Pediatric
endocrinology,Volume 2. 5th Ed. New York: Informa Health Care. p.215.
Lila, A.R., 2011. Cushing's syndrome: Stepwise approach to diagnosis. Indian
Journal
of
Endocrinology
and
Metabolism.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230095/
[Accessed
9
Desember 2015]
Linos, D., Heerden, J.A., 2005. Cushing’s Syndrome in Children and Adolescents.
In: Adrenal Glands: Diagnostic Aspects and Surgical Theraphy. New York:
Springer, 87-90.
Liu et al, 2014. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the
complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy, Asthma & clinical
immunology.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765115/pdf/1710-1492-930.pdf [Accessed 9 Desember 2015]
Magiakou et al, 1994. Cushing syndrome in Children and adolescents, The
Journal
of
England.
Available
New
from:
http://nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199409083311002. [Accessed 29 May
2015]
Nieman,L.K., 2008. The Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome: An Endocrine Society
Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology &
Metabolism.
Available
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386281/
from:
[Accessed
4
Desember 2015]
Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Indonesia, 2010. Kamus Besar Bahasa
Indonesia (KBBI). Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
Rudolph, A.M., Hoffman, J.I., Rudoph, C.D., 2007. Adrenal Berlebihan. Dalam:
Buku Ajar Pediatri Rudoph Vol.3. 20th Ed. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran,
1901-1904.
47
Sadarangani, S., 2014. Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome Secondary to Ritonavir
Epidural Triamcinolone Interaction: An Illustrative Case and Review. Hindawi
Publishing
Corporation.
Available
file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/849432%20(1).pdf
from:
[Accessed
4
Desember 2015]
Sharma, S.T., 2014. Cushing’s syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease
management. The Journal of Clinical Endrocrinology. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4407747/pdf/clep-7-281.pdf
[Accessed 4 Desember 2015]
Sherwood, L., 2009. Kelenjar Endokrin Perifer. Dalam: Fisiologi Manusia: Dari Sel
ke Sistem. Edisi 6. Jakarta: Penerbit buku Kedokteran EGC. p.764.
Sperling, M.A., 2014. Adrenal Cortex and its Disorders. In: Pediatric Endrocrinology.
4th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p.254.
Stratakis, C.A., 2012. Cushing Syndrome in Pediatric. Endrocrinology Metabolic
Clinic
in
North
America.
Available
from:
http//ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3594781/ [Accessed 30 May 2015]
Stratakis, C.A., 2012. Pediatric Endrocrinology. In: Rapaport, R. (Ed). An Issue of
Endrocrinology and Metabolic Clinic. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 793-
803.
Tanu I., 2007. Pengantar Farmakologi. In: Farmakologi dan Terapi. Jakarta: Badan
Penerbit FKUI, 18-501.
Wilhelm,
K.P.,
2013.
The
Diference
Aspects
of
Pharmacocinetic.
In:
Dermatotoxicology. 8th Ed. New York: Informa Health Care. p.227.
Zoorob, R.J., 1998. A Different Look at Corticosteroids. American Family Physician.
Available from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0801/p443.html
Desember 2015]
[Accessed 4