Hubungan Aiag Score Dengan Besar Varises Esofagus Secara Endoskopi Pada Penderita Sirosis Hati
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Prihartini J, Lesmana LA, Manan C, Gani RA. Detection of oesofageal
varices in liver cirrhosis using noninvasive parameters. Acta Med Indonesindones J Intern Med. 2005;37:126-131.
2. Gupta TK, Chen L, Groszmann RJ. Pathophysiology of portal
hypertension. Clin Liver Dis. 1997;1:1-12.
3. Eyal A MD , Kovalev Y MD and Zuckerman E MD. Evaluation and
Treatment of Esophageal Varices in the Cirrhotic Patient. IMAJ. 2013;15:
109-115.
4. Jensen DM. Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhosis: findings,
implications, and outcomes. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:1620-1630
5. D’Amico G, Criscuoli V, Fili D, Mocciaro F, Pagliaro L. Metaanalysis of
trials for variceal bleeding. Hepatology. 2002;36:1023-1024
6. Carbonell N, Pauwels A, Serfaty L, Fourdan O, Lévy VG, Poupon R.
Improved survival after variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis over
the past two decades. Hepatology. 2004;40:652–659
7. Chalasani, N., C. Kahi. Improved patient survival after acute variceal
bleeding: a multicenter, cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol.
2003;98(3):653–659
8. Stokkeland K, Brandt L, Ekbom A, Hultcrantz R. Improved prognosis for
patients hospitalized with esophageal varices in Sweden 1969–2002.
Hepatology. 2006;43:500-505
9. Djojoningrat D. Hematemesis melena di bagian Ilmu penyakit dalam FKUI/RSCM. Tesis Jakarta: Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI, 1990
10. De Franchis R. Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the
Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy
in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2005;43:167-176
11. Dite P et al. Esophageal varices. World Gastroenterology Organisation
practice guideline: June 2008
12. De Franchis R. Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the
Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy
in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2010;53:762-768
13. Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey W. Prevention and
management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in
cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;46:922-938.
14. Grace ND. Diagnosis and treatment of gastro-intestinal bleeding secondary
to portal hypertension. American College of Gastroenterology practice
parameter committee. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92: 1081-91.
52
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
15. D’Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. Treatment of portal hypertension: a
meta-analytic review. Hepatology. 1995;22:332-54.
16. de Franchis R. Non-invasive (and minimally invasive) diagnosis of
oesophageal varices. J Hepatol. 2008;49:520-527
17. Castera L, Le Bail B, Roudot-Thoraval F, et al. Early detection in routine
clinical practice of cirrhosis and oesophageal varices in chronic hepatitis
C: Comparison of transient elastography (FibroScan) with standard
laboratory tests and non-invasive scores. J Hepatol. 2009;50:59-68
18. Sebastiani G, Tempesta D, Fattovich G, et al. Prediction of oesophageal
varices in hepatic cirrhosis by simple serum noninvasive markers: Results
of a multicenter, large-scale study. J Hepatol. 2010;53:630-638
19. Sheng-di Wu, Yan-jun Ni, Li-li Liu. Establishment and validation of a
simple noninvasive model to predict significant liver fibrosis in patient
with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int. 2012;6:360-368
20. Cheney CP, Goldberg EM, Chopra S. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension:
an overview. In: Friedman LS and Keeffe EB, eds.Handbook of Liver
Disease. 2nd ed. China, Pa: Churchill Livingstone. 2012;125-138
21. Wolf DC. Cirrhosis of the Liver. eMedicine Specialities. 29 Nov 2012.
Available at: http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3183.htm
22. World Health Organization. Hepatitis C - global prevalence (update).
Weekly Epidemiological Record. 1999;74:425-427
23. Suk TK. Revision and update on clinical practice guideline for liver
cirrhosis. The Korean Journal of Hepatology. 2012;18:1-21
24. Bissell D, Maher JJ. Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis. In: Zakim D and
Boyer TD, eds. Hepatolog. A Textbook of Liver Disease, vol 1, 3rd ed,
Tokyo. 1996;506
25. Hernomo K. Pengelolaan perdarahan masif varises esofagus pada sirosis
hati. Thesis. Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 1983
26. Benvegnu L, Gios M, Bocato S et.al. Natural history of compensated viral
cirrhosis a prospective study on the incidence and hierarchy of major
complications. Gut. 2004;53:744-749
27. Garcia-Tsao D, Wongcharatrawee S. (VA Hepatitis C Resource Center
Program). Treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
literature review and summary of recommended interventions. Version 1
(October 2003). Available at: www.va.gov/hepatitisc
28. Friedman SL, Hepatic Fibrosis. In : Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC,
eds. Schiff’s Diseases of the Liver. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: LippincottRaven. 2003;409-28
29. Kuntz, Erwin., Kuntz, Han-Dieter. Hepatology: Textbook And Atlas.
Germany: springer medizin verlag heilderberg. 2008
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
30. Erlingen S, Benhamou JP. Cirrhosis : clinical aspect. In: Oxford Textbook
of Clinical Hepatology, Vol 1, 2nd ed.Hong Kong, Pa: Oxford Medical
Publications. 1999;629-644
31. Sharara AI, Rockey DC. Gastroesophageal Variceal Hemoorhage. N Engl
J Med. 2001;345:669-681
32. Sanyal A, Bosch J, Blei A, Arroyo V, Portal Hypertension and its
complication. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:1715–1728.
33. R. de Franchis, Stellate cells and the “reversible component” of portal
hypertension, Digestive and Liver Disease. 2000;32(2):104–107
34. Y. Iwakiri and R. J. Groszmann, Vascular endothelial dysfunction in
cirrhosis, Journal of Hepatology. 2007;46(5);927–934.
35. D. C. Rockey, Hepatic blood flow regulation by stellate cells in normal
and injured liver, Seminars in Liver Disease. 2001;21(3):337–349
36. Wheatley AM , Zhang X - Y. Intrahepatic modulation of portal pressure
and its role in portal hypertension . Digestion. 1998;59:424 – 428 .
37. M. Fernandez, M. Mejias, E. Garcia-Pras, R. Mendez, J. C. Garcia-Pagan,
and J. Bosch, Reversal of portal hypertension and hyperdynamic
splanchnic circulation by combined vascular endothelial growth factor and
platelet-derived growth factor blockade in rats, Hepatology. 2007;
46:1208–1217
38. Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Reverter E, Bosch J. Assessing Portal Hypertension
in liver diseases. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2003;7(2):141–155
39. Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, Grace ND, Burroughs AK,
Planas R, Escorsell A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Patch D, Matloff DS, Gao H,
Makuch R. B-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with
cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2254-2261
40. Ripoll C, Groszmann R, Garcia-Tsao G, Grace N, Burroughs A, Planas R,
Escorsell A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Makuch R, Patch D, Matloff DS, Bosch J.
Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in
patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:481-488
41. D’Amico G, Garcia-Pagan JC, Luca A, Bosch J. HVPG reduction and
prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. A systematic review.
Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1624
42. D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic
indicators of survival in cirrhosis. A systematic review of 118 studies. J
Hepatol. 2006;44:217-231
43. Laleman W, Van Landeghem L, Wilmer A, Fevery J, Nevens F. Portal
hypertension: from pathophysiology to clinical practice. Liver
International. 2005;25:1079–1090.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
44. Merkel C, Marin R, Angeli P, et al. A placebo-controlled clinical trial of
nadolol in the prophylaxis of growth of small esophageal varices in
cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:476–484
45. Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, et al. Incidence and natural history of
small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol. 2003;38:266–272
46. Bosch J et al. Portal Hypertension and Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
Seminars in liver disease. 2008;28(1)
47. De Franchis R. Evaluation and follow-up of patients with cirrhosis and
oesophageal varices. J Hepatol. 2003;38:361–363
48. D’Amico G, de Franchis R. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis: posttherapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology. 2003;38:599–
612
49. Matsuo M, Kanematsu M, Kim T, Hori M, Takamura M, Murakami
T,Kondo H, Moriyama N, Nakamura H, Hoshi H. Esophageal
Varices:Diagnosis with Gadolinium-Enhanced MR Imaging of the Liver
for Patients with Chronic Liver Damage. AJR. 2003;180:461-466.
50. Ishiguro H, Saito S, Imazu H, Aihara H, Kato T, Tajiri H. Esophageal
Capsule Endoscopy for Screening Esophageal Varices among Japanese
Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2012;1-6.
51. Stefanescu H, M. Grigorescu, M. Lupsor, A. Maniu, A. Crisan, B.
Procopet, D. Feier, R. Badea. A New and Simple Algorithm for the
Noninvasive Assessment of Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients
Using Serum Fibrosis Markers and Transient Elastography. J
Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2011;20(1):57-64.
52. Hsieh Y.Y, Tung S.Y, Lee K, Wu C.S, Wei K.L. Routine Blood Test to
Predict Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C. World Journal of
Gastroenterology. 2012;(18):746-753.
53. Mallet V , Vernier VD, Roussins C et al. The accuracy of the FIB-4 index
for the diagnosis of mild fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Alimentary
Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2009;29:409-415.
54. Poynard T, Mathurin P, Lai CL, et al. A Comparison of Fibrosis
progression in Chronic Liver Disease. J Hepatol. 2003;38:257-265.
55. Muljono DH, Kandun N, Gani RA, Hasan I, Oswari H. Pedoman
Pengendalian Hepatitis Virus. Direktorat Jenderal PP&PL Kementerian
Kesehatan RI. 2012:1-85.
56. Caldwell, S.H., M. Hoffman, T. Lisman, B.G. Macik. Coagulation
disorders and hemostasis in liver disease: Pathophysiology and critical
assessment of current management. Hepatology. 2006;44(4):1039-46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
57. Kujovich, J.L. 2005. Hemostatic defects in end stage liver disease. Crit
Care Clin. 2005;21:563-587
58. Moore KP, Aithal GP. Guidelines on the management of ascites in
cirrhosis. Gut. 2006:Vi1-Vi12
59. Kujovich, J.L. 2005. Hemostatic defects in end stage liver disease. Crit
Care Clin. 2005;21:563-587
60. Martinez RG, Caraceni P, Bernardi M, Gines P, Arroya V, Jalan R.
Albumin: Pathophysiologic Basic of its role in the Treatment of Cirrhosis
and its Complications. Hepatology. 2013;5:1836-1846.
61. Neelesh Despande, Sabitha Kandi, et al. A Study of Boichemical and
Hematological Markers in Alcoholic Cirrhosis. World Journal of Nutrition
and Health. 2014;2(2):24-27.
62. Hyder MA, Hasan M, Mohieldein AH. Comparative levels of ALT,AST,
ALP and GGT in liver associated diseases. Euro.J.Exp.Bio.
2013;3(2):280-284.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1. Prihartini J, Lesmana LA, Manan C, Gani RA. Detection of oesofageal
varices in liver cirrhosis using noninvasive parameters. Acta Med Indonesindones J Intern Med. 2005;37:126-131.
2. Gupta TK, Chen L, Groszmann RJ. Pathophysiology of portal
hypertension. Clin Liver Dis. 1997;1:1-12.
3. Eyal A MD , Kovalev Y MD and Zuckerman E MD. Evaluation and
Treatment of Esophageal Varices in the Cirrhotic Patient. IMAJ. 2013;15:
109-115.
4. Jensen DM. Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhosis: findings,
implications, and outcomes. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:1620-1630
5. D’Amico G, Criscuoli V, Fili D, Mocciaro F, Pagliaro L. Metaanalysis of
trials for variceal bleeding. Hepatology. 2002;36:1023-1024
6. Carbonell N, Pauwels A, Serfaty L, Fourdan O, Lévy VG, Poupon R.
Improved survival after variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis over
the past two decades. Hepatology. 2004;40:652–659
7. Chalasani, N., C. Kahi. Improved patient survival after acute variceal
bleeding: a multicenter, cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol.
2003;98(3):653–659
8. Stokkeland K, Brandt L, Ekbom A, Hultcrantz R. Improved prognosis for
patients hospitalized with esophageal varices in Sweden 1969–2002.
Hepatology. 2006;43:500-505
9. Djojoningrat D. Hematemesis melena di bagian Ilmu penyakit dalam FKUI/RSCM. Tesis Jakarta: Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI, 1990
10. De Franchis R. Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the
Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy
in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2005;43:167-176
11. Dite P et al. Esophageal varices. World Gastroenterology Organisation
practice guideline: June 2008
12. De Franchis R. Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the
Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy
in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2010;53:762-768
13. Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey W. Prevention and
management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in
cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007;46:922-938.
14. Grace ND. Diagnosis and treatment of gastro-intestinal bleeding secondary
to portal hypertension. American College of Gastroenterology practice
parameter committee. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92: 1081-91.
52
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
15. D’Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. Treatment of portal hypertension: a
meta-analytic review. Hepatology. 1995;22:332-54.
16. de Franchis R. Non-invasive (and minimally invasive) diagnosis of
oesophageal varices. J Hepatol. 2008;49:520-527
17. Castera L, Le Bail B, Roudot-Thoraval F, et al. Early detection in routine
clinical practice of cirrhosis and oesophageal varices in chronic hepatitis
C: Comparison of transient elastography (FibroScan) with standard
laboratory tests and non-invasive scores. J Hepatol. 2009;50:59-68
18. Sebastiani G, Tempesta D, Fattovich G, et al. Prediction of oesophageal
varices in hepatic cirrhosis by simple serum noninvasive markers: Results
of a multicenter, large-scale study. J Hepatol. 2010;53:630-638
19. Sheng-di Wu, Yan-jun Ni, Li-li Liu. Establishment and validation of a
simple noninvasive model to predict significant liver fibrosis in patient
with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int. 2012;6:360-368
20. Cheney CP, Goldberg EM, Chopra S. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension:
an overview. In: Friedman LS and Keeffe EB, eds.Handbook of Liver
Disease. 2nd ed. China, Pa: Churchill Livingstone. 2012;125-138
21. Wolf DC. Cirrhosis of the Liver. eMedicine Specialities. 29 Nov 2012.
Available at: http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3183.htm
22. World Health Organization. Hepatitis C - global prevalence (update).
Weekly Epidemiological Record. 1999;74:425-427
23. Suk TK. Revision and update on clinical practice guideline for liver
cirrhosis. The Korean Journal of Hepatology. 2012;18:1-21
24. Bissell D, Maher JJ. Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis. In: Zakim D and
Boyer TD, eds. Hepatolog. A Textbook of Liver Disease, vol 1, 3rd ed,
Tokyo. 1996;506
25. Hernomo K. Pengelolaan perdarahan masif varises esofagus pada sirosis
hati. Thesis. Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. 1983
26. Benvegnu L, Gios M, Bocato S et.al. Natural history of compensated viral
cirrhosis a prospective study on the incidence and hierarchy of major
complications. Gut. 2004;53:744-749
27. Garcia-Tsao D, Wongcharatrawee S. (VA Hepatitis C Resource Center
Program). Treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
literature review and summary of recommended interventions. Version 1
(October 2003). Available at: www.va.gov/hepatitisc
28. Friedman SL, Hepatic Fibrosis. In : Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC,
eds. Schiff’s Diseases of the Liver. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: LippincottRaven. 2003;409-28
29. Kuntz, Erwin., Kuntz, Han-Dieter. Hepatology: Textbook And Atlas.
Germany: springer medizin verlag heilderberg. 2008
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
30. Erlingen S, Benhamou JP. Cirrhosis : clinical aspect. In: Oxford Textbook
of Clinical Hepatology, Vol 1, 2nd ed.Hong Kong, Pa: Oxford Medical
Publications. 1999;629-644
31. Sharara AI, Rockey DC. Gastroesophageal Variceal Hemoorhage. N Engl
J Med. 2001;345:669-681
32. Sanyal A, Bosch J, Blei A, Arroyo V, Portal Hypertension and its
complication. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:1715–1728.
33. R. de Franchis, Stellate cells and the “reversible component” of portal
hypertension, Digestive and Liver Disease. 2000;32(2):104–107
34. Y. Iwakiri and R. J. Groszmann, Vascular endothelial dysfunction in
cirrhosis, Journal of Hepatology. 2007;46(5);927–934.
35. D. C. Rockey, Hepatic blood flow regulation by stellate cells in normal
and injured liver, Seminars in Liver Disease. 2001;21(3):337–349
36. Wheatley AM , Zhang X - Y. Intrahepatic modulation of portal pressure
and its role in portal hypertension . Digestion. 1998;59:424 – 428 .
37. M. Fernandez, M. Mejias, E. Garcia-Pras, R. Mendez, J. C. Garcia-Pagan,
and J. Bosch, Reversal of portal hypertension and hyperdynamic
splanchnic circulation by combined vascular endothelial growth factor and
platelet-derived growth factor blockade in rats, Hepatology. 2007;
46:1208–1217
38. Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Reverter E, Bosch J. Assessing Portal Hypertension
in liver diseases. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2003;7(2):141–155
39. Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, Grace ND, Burroughs AK,
Planas R, Escorsell A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Patch D, Matloff DS, Gao H,
Makuch R. B-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with
cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2254-2261
40. Ripoll C, Groszmann R, Garcia-Tsao G, Grace N, Burroughs A, Planas R,
Escorsell A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Makuch R, Patch D, Matloff DS, Bosch J.
Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in
patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:481-488
41. D’Amico G, Garcia-Pagan JC, Luca A, Bosch J. HVPG reduction and
prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. A systematic review.
Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1624
42. D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic
indicators of survival in cirrhosis. A systematic review of 118 studies. J
Hepatol. 2006;44:217-231
43. Laleman W, Van Landeghem L, Wilmer A, Fevery J, Nevens F. Portal
hypertension: from pathophysiology to clinical practice. Liver
International. 2005;25:1079–1090.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
44. Merkel C, Marin R, Angeli P, et al. A placebo-controlled clinical trial of
nadolol in the prophylaxis of growth of small esophageal varices in
cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:476–484
45. Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, et al. Incidence and natural history of
small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol. 2003;38:266–272
46. Bosch J et al. Portal Hypertension and Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
Seminars in liver disease. 2008;28(1)
47. De Franchis R. Evaluation and follow-up of patients with cirrhosis and
oesophageal varices. J Hepatol. 2003;38:361–363
48. D’Amico G, de Franchis R. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis: posttherapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology. 2003;38:599–
612
49. Matsuo M, Kanematsu M, Kim T, Hori M, Takamura M, Murakami
T,Kondo H, Moriyama N, Nakamura H, Hoshi H. Esophageal
Varices:Diagnosis with Gadolinium-Enhanced MR Imaging of the Liver
for Patients with Chronic Liver Damage. AJR. 2003;180:461-466.
50. Ishiguro H, Saito S, Imazu H, Aihara H, Kato T, Tajiri H. Esophageal
Capsule Endoscopy for Screening Esophageal Varices among Japanese
Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2012;1-6.
51. Stefanescu H, M. Grigorescu, M. Lupsor, A. Maniu, A. Crisan, B.
Procopet, D. Feier, R. Badea. A New and Simple Algorithm for the
Noninvasive Assessment of Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients
Using Serum Fibrosis Markers and Transient Elastography. J
Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2011;20(1):57-64.
52. Hsieh Y.Y, Tung S.Y, Lee K, Wu C.S, Wei K.L. Routine Blood Test to
Predict Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C. World Journal of
Gastroenterology. 2012;(18):746-753.
53. Mallet V , Vernier VD, Roussins C et al. The accuracy of the FIB-4 index
for the diagnosis of mild fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Alimentary
Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2009;29:409-415.
54. Poynard T, Mathurin P, Lai CL, et al. A Comparison of Fibrosis
progression in Chronic Liver Disease. J Hepatol. 2003;38:257-265.
55. Muljono DH, Kandun N, Gani RA, Hasan I, Oswari H. Pedoman
Pengendalian Hepatitis Virus. Direktorat Jenderal PP&PL Kementerian
Kesehatan RI. 2012:1-85.
56. Caldwell, S.H., M. Hoffman, T. Lisman, B.G. Macik. Coagulation
disorders and hemostasis in liver disease: Pathophysiology and critical
assessment of current management. Hepatology. 2006;44(4):1039-46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
57. Kujovich, J.L. 2005. Hemostatic defects in end stage liver disease. Crit
Care Clin. 2005;21:563-587
58. Moore KP, Aithal GP. Guidelines on the management of ascites in
cirrhosis. Gut. 2006:Vi1-Vi12
59. Kujovich, J.L. 2005. Hemostatic defects in end stage liver disease. Crit
Care Clin. 2005;21:563-587
60. Martinez RG, Caraceni P, Bernardi M, Gines P, Arroya V, Jalan R.
Albumin: Pathophysiologic Basic of its role in the Treatment of Cirrhosis
and its Complications. Hepatology. 2013;5:1836-1846.
61. Neelesh Despande, Sabitha Kandi, et al. A Study of Boichemical and
Hematological Markers in Alcoholic Cirrhosis. World Journal of Nutrition
and Health. 2014;2(2):24-27.
62. Hyder MA, Hasan M, Mohieldein AH. Comparative levels of ALT,AST,
ALP and GGT in liver associated diseases. Euro.J.Exp.Bio.
2013;3(2):280-284.
Universitas Sumatera Utara