THE MESSAGES CONVEYED IN JOKOWI'S SPEECH DURING BECOME A PRESIDENT ON 2014 - 2016.

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The Messages Conveyed in

Jokowi’s Speech during

become a President on 2014-2016

A THESIS

Submit as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities

State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

BY:

Miftakhul Hamdi

Reg. Number A03212052

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL

SURABAYA

2016

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ABSTRACT

Hamdi, Miftakhul.2016.“The Messages Conveyed inJokowi’s Speech During

Become A President On 2014-2016”.Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

The Advisor : Dr. A. Dzoul Milal, M. Pd.

Key words :Messages, Context, Speech, Jokowi.

This research analyzes the message and context. Greeting messages contained in each speech from the speaker to the reader, but this time the message associated with the context. In this study, researchers focused on the messages contained in each speech generated and contexts that exist in every speech that has been generated by jokowi.

The research problems of this study are: (1) what message conveyed in jokowi’s

speech during his become president in 2014-2016. (2) Find some of contexts that exist in a speech in jokowi’s speech during hisbecome president in 2014-2016

The writer uses a qualitative approach for data collected in the form of words or transcripts. The writer did a few steps in collecting data: the author's first look at some of the speeches, and then read the transcript and underline every feature found in every sentence, the last she filter out some sentences unfamiliar or difficult to be understood in their speech as the theory used van dijk. Authors analyzed data based on that theory. After that, he will explain the data collected and lays out the data in the text.

The results of this study indicate that there are only six types of contexts, Physical Context, Inner Context, Symbolic context, Relational Context, Situational Context, Cultural context. From some of the speeches authors analyzed 10 speeches and the collected data is the author of 10 data generated from speech jokowi alone, there were 49 sentences extracted from some of the speeches to be understood the context and type of context, to understand the message contained in the speech.

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INTISARI

Hamdi, Miftakhul.2016.“The Messages Conveyed inJokowi’s Speech During

Become A President On 2014-2016”.Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Pembimbing: Dr. A. Dzoul Milal, M. Pd. Kata kunci: Pesan, Isi, Pidato, Jokowi

Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang pesan dan konteks. pesan ucapan yang terkandung dalam setiap pidato dari pembicara kepada pembaca, tapi kali ini pesan yang terkait dengan konteks. Dalam studi ini, peneliti berfokus pada pesan yang terkandung dalam setiap pidato yang dihasilkan dan konteks yang ada pada setiap pidato yang telah dihasilkan oleh jokowi.

Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) Pesan apa yang disampaikan dalam pidato jokowi selama dia menjadi presiden pada tahun 2014-2016. (2) Menemukan beberapa macam konteks yang ada pada pidato Jokowi selama dia menjadi presiden pada tahun 2014-2016.

Penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif karena data yang dikumpulkan dalam bentuk kata-kata atau transkrip. Penulis melakukan beberapa langkah dalam mengumpulkan data: pertama penulis melihat beberapa pidato, dan kemudian dia membaca transkrip dan menggarisbawahi setiap fitur yang ditemukan di setiap kalimat, yang terakhir dia menyaring beberapa kalimat yang asing atau sulit difahami pada ucapan mereka seperti teori yang digunakan van dijk. Penulis menganalisis data berdasarkan teori itu. Setelah itu, ia akan menjelaskan data yang dikumpulkan dan menjabarkan data dalam teks.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya ada 6 tipe konteks, Physical Context, Inner Context, Symbolic context, Relational Context, Situational Context, Cultural context. Dari beberapa pidato penulis menganalisis 10 pidato dan data yang dikumpulkan penulis ialah 10 data yang dihasilkan dari pidato jokowi sendiri, ada 49 kalimat yang disaring dari beberapa pidato untuk difahami konteks dan jenis konteks, memahami pesan yang ada dalam pidato tersebut.

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Table of Contents

Inside Cover Page ...i

Inside tittle page ...ii

Motto... ...iii

Declaration page...iv

Dedication page...v

Advisor’s approval page...vi

Examiner’s approval page...vii

Acknowledgments...viii

Table of contents ...x

Abstrack ...xii

Intisari ...xiii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...1

1.1...Ba ckground of The Study...1

1.2_...Re search of Problem ...7

1.3_...Pur pose of The Study ...8

1.4_...Sc ope and Limitation ...8

1.5...Sig nificance of The Study ...8

1.6...Me thod of The Study ...9

1.7...De finition of Key Terms ...10

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2.1_...Th

eoretical Framework ...11

2.1.1_...Ne w Criticism ...11

2.1.1.1...Ch aracter...13

2.1.1.1.1...Pro tagonist ...14

2.1.1.1.2...An tagonist ...15

2.1.1.2... Characterization ...17

2.1.2...Per spective from Al-Qur’an...18

2.2 Review of Related Studies ...20

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS ...22

3.1 Sauron as Antagonist Character ...22

3.2 Sauron as representationthe Satan’s characters inthe novel The ...29

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION...48

WORK CITED...50

APPENDIX SYNOPSIS………...53

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter the writer will talk about introduction. It describes background of the study, research problems, research purposes, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and the last is definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Every day, people communicate with others to share their opinions, information and feelings. We can get information not only from conversation but also newspapers, media. Communication in term of conversation or speech can be used to get information as long as the speech can be understood by the other.

Language has important role in our daily life. Humans can communicate with each other, we can to change ability, beliefs, opinions, wishes, threats, commands, and thanks agree declarations. We can laugh to express entertainment. We can clench our fists to express surprise or disapproval, and so on. Our system of communication before anything else is language.

The Sounds of Language has relations from language produced from the mouth and creating a sound, when the people learning a foreign language so they will slowly say some words and to be able to create a sentence. To create an articulation that is true then need heavy exercises and repeated. There are some voices that sound similar but have different meanings. Like speech sounds are

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produced using the complex oral apparatus we have. Air pushed out by lungs through the windpipe.

As we know the language has many functions in a conversation or communication between people, used to express mentions, to inform the facts, to influence others, to discuss about the language, to describe to chat. In other word it can be said that is not enough just to know the meaning of the sentence pronounced, but the context of the situation and cultural context must be understood, as it is public or private, formal or informal. language consists of tens of thousands of marks, which is a combination of the meaning, in the spoken language is the sequence of sounds in written language examples of the sequence of letters (depending on the type our paper)

Communication has been defined as the act of giving, receiving or exchanging information, ideas and opinions so that the message is completely understood by both parties. In a communication process, there must be a sender who speaks or sends a message, and a receiver who listens or receives the message. When we think about how we can communicate the subject became much more complex. There are various categories of communication, and more than one can occur at any time, like verbal communication, non-verbal

communication, written communication, graphs and charts.

(http://www.skillsyouneed.com/general/what-is-communication.html)

Effective verbal or spoken communication is dependent on a number of factors and cannot be fully isolated from other important interpersonal skills such as non-verbal communication, listening skills and clarification. Clarity of speech,

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remaining calm and focused, being polite and following some basic rules of etiquette will all aid the process of verbal communication. (http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/verbal-communication.html)

Interpersonal communication is much more than the explicit meaning of words, the information or messages, whether intentional or not, which are expressed through non-verbal behaviors. Non-verbal communication is including facial expressions, the tone and pitch of the voice, gestures displayed through body language and the physical distance between the communications. (http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbal-communication.html)

Writing skills parts of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate a message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversations. Some of the basics behind drawing and creating good graphs and charts. By ‘good’, we mean ones that show what you want them to show, and don’t mislead the reader.

Texts in this course are broadly described as follows: texts are anything that is produced with the intent of conveying a meaning to an audience, incorporating both spoken and written acts of communication, and the associated use of images and visual and aural stimuli. Texts under this definition can be literary or non-literary. They include any communicative device used to convey a message or idea. These various types of texts make different demands on the readers, viewers or listeners. Thus they are open to various interpretations (based on article language and literature subject guide, IBO, 2011)

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The texts used in this course give students the opportunity to understand them according to their form, content, purpose and audience and through the social, historical, cultural and workplace contexts that produce and value them.

Context helps readers understand what they otherwise wouldn't be able to comprehend. It is a much-needed assistant, helping readers define unknown words and make sense of outside information. In writing, it is often necessary to provide new words, concepts and information to help develop a thought. For example, maybe you need to include a fact to support your claim or a quote to better illustrate your analysis of a literary work. Whenever you use a fact or quote from another source, it is important that you tell the reader a bit about that information first. This is what we mean by context. You need to literally surround that piece of information with text that illuminates its meaning and relevancy. That is why context, when broken down, literally means 'with text.' It helps readers understand that which otherwise, they wouldn't be able to comprehend. (http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-context-definition application-quiz.html)

According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), context denotes “the circumstances that form the setting for an event. To emphasize a common social usage of the word context OED includes the quotation. Although the word context has been used for a long time in many scientific descriptions, literary essays, and in philosophical discourses, its meaning was always left to the readers understanding. ( A Brief History Of Context, Kaiyu Wan Computer Science Department, East China Normal University Shanghai, 200, China, Page 33.)

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The method of the research is library research. Firstly the writer choose this tittle for the purpose of providing the study of the important messages in the speech, understanding every meanings of the sentences was spoken by jokowi’s to readers. Some research analyzed the grammar, speech act, etc. The messages envoyed on Jokowi’s as long as president in 2014-2016, the writer watches some speech from Jokowi, while reviewing the script some videos as the primary data. The writer chooses the data relating to the topic of the research also reads the other references to add the data about the topic. The writer applies context theory by Van Dijk. There are explain on the context from some speech during jokowi become president and also use the theory, and the writer use theory by Van Dijk.

On the theory Teun A. van Dijk 2006 as the writer there are many ways

to analyze this discourse fragment, depending on our aims

and theoretical paradigms. However, despite their profound differences of theory and method, contemporary discourse and conversation analysts generally agree that such an analysis should at least explicitly attend to the structures or strategies of this speech defined as a communicative event or as an instance of social interaction. We thus might want to examine the grammatical, stylistic, rhetorical, pragmatic, argumentative, interactional or other structures that define the various dimensions or levels of this speech.

The reason why choose a speechs from Jokowi’s more easily understood from the speech of the others. On the previous study the writer reviews the other research before start the research. There are similarities between previous researches. The previous research discussed about deixis and tenses, and then the

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research from the writer discusses about messages and context. Fadhliah anwar

“the childhood of prince albert as seen in david seidler’s the king’s speech” the significance of the research is to analyze causes of Prince Albert childhood trauma, to analyze the effect his trauma to his Kingman ship. “an analysis of types of speech acts found in the help movie script” by Aniek Rahayu Listiana, the purpose of this research are to find out the type of illocutionary acts used by the main characters in The Help movie script, to find out the meaning of speech acts utterances based on the speech acts classification on function used by the main characters in The Help movie script. “The Speech Act and Communication Strategy in Children Of 3-5 Years Old” by Dyah Anita D This is as a result of the fact that linguistics research is aimed to get the pattern of the language itself. In descriptive, there does not always need a hypothesis.

Descriptive research presents a broad range of activities that have in common purpose describing the situation or phenomena. The object which is used in this thesis is the utterances of the children under five years old. The sources of the data are taken from the primary and secondary data. The primary data are a data which are collected directly from the object, which is the original data. Next, secondary data are a data which are collected first from other resources. “A Speech Act Analysis of Zaid’s Utterances In Moustapha Akkad’s Movie The Messages” by Usep Muttaqin the finding of this research is expected to be useful for the readers to enrich their knowledge about pragmatics especially the theory of speech acts in order they can communicate in a better way. “An

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1.2 Research Problems

From this background, the statement problems of this research are:

a. What are the massages of Jokowi’s Speech during his precidence in 2014-2016

b. What kind the context of Jokowi’s Speech during his precidence in 2014-2016

1.3 Research Purposes

a. To differentiate from previous study that discusses the speech, in this study contained filter some messages from some of the speechesfrom in Jokowi’s Speech during become a President on 2014-2016.

b. To find the types of context a few sentences taken from some of the speeches generated and illustrates that a text explanation.in Jokowi’s Speech during become a President on 2014-2016

1.4 Significance of Study

To make the reader can understand the meaning contained in each sentence, contained messages from several speeches produced.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The writer will make some limitations, the study is going to focus on object of Jokowi’s Speech during become a President on 2014-2016

1.6 Definition of key terms

Messages refers to understand what someone is trying to tell you, even if that person is not expressing himself or herself directly

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To understand the speech patterns one need to be clear about the term

‘discourse’ and ‘text’. Discourse, put simply, is structured collections of meaningful texts (Parker, 1992).

Jokowi born 21 June 1961) is the President of Indonesia, in office since 2014. Previously he was Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012 and Governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014. He is the first Indonesian president not to have emerged from the country’s politica l elite or as an army general

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Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

To support the analysis, this chapter reviews several theories related to this research. Those are pragmatics, the role of pragmatics in the resolution of context, the types of context which consist of four kinds and text and related studies to support the analysis.

2.1

Pragmatics

Pragmatic is the study of relations between context and language in the structure of language. According to author “Pragmatic interpretations are relative to a context, viz. the pragmatic context_”. Such a context is an abstraction of the cognitive and social context in which the utterance is used. Hence, pragmatics does not for details of our positions and for further references we refer to Van Dijk (1977, 1996). Leech (in Wirotinoyo 2009:8) states that Pragmatic is study about meaning and has connection with utterance. Moreover Levinson (1985:9) states that Pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammatical zed, or encoded in the structure of a language. In other words, pragmatic is study of relation between language and context that are basic to understand the language. By those perceptions about pragmatic, thus I can conclude that pragmatic focuses on the language and context itself or emphasize

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Study concerning the meaning is pragmatic and how language is used in a communication, describe about some text and finding the context and pragamatic from the speech. “Yule (2010: 127) also claimed that the study of what speakers mean, or “speaker meaning,” is ca led pragmatics. Leech (1983: 1) said that pragmatics is about how language is used in communication. It also can be usefully defined as the study of how utterances have meaning in situations. Griffiths (2006: 1) said that pragmatics is concerned with the use of these tools in meaningful communication. Strazny (2005: 872 and 869) explained that pragmatics is the study of language use. Cobuild Dictionary (2006), pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the meanings which come from the use of language in particular situations.

2.2

Context

There are important elements the use everyday language, which affect the use of language. Such context is very important in the use of language.”Context greatly affect the form of the language that will be used by a speaker. Contexts ranging considered important for linguists since the outset of the 1970s. They realize the importance of context in interpreting the sentence (Brown and Yule, 1996: 35)”.

Further argues that in order for a speech act to conventionally perform a given illocutionary act, it must specify the nature of its context in the form of felicity conditions (Levinson (1983). These felicity conditions are divided into three subcategories, namely, the preparatory conditions, which check the

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speaker’s ability to perform A, the sincerity conditions, which are the conditions that the speaker wants in order to perform A (Green, 1996), and the executive condition, which checks the adequate execution of the speech act (Allan, 2001). However, the pressing question facing SAT, and pragmatic theory in general, is

“to describe how, for any given utterance, the hearer finds a context which enables him to understand it adequately” (Sperber and Wilson, 1986, p. 16).

Contexts defined as participant definitions, that is, as mental constructs, are able to function as the interface between situational and societal structures and discourse structures, because they subjectively ‘represent’ relevant aspects of situations and society and directly interfere in the mental processes of discourse production and comprehension. If contexts control discourse at all, this is only possible when we conceive of them as cognitive structures of some kind. And only in this way are we able to define the crucial criterion of ‘relevance’, that is, in terms of a selective focus on, and subjective interpretation of some social constraint as defined by the participants.

This also explains why discourse may be influenced by alternative, fictitious or misguided definitions of the social situation, as long as the speaker or writer sees it that way. Thus, it is not objective gender, class, ethnicity or power that control the production or comprehension of text and talk, but whether and how participants interpret, represent and make use of such external constraints,

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To illustrate the relevance of such an integrated approach, the writer shall show how to account for the important notion of context. The contextual approaches referred to above generally assume a more or less direct relationship between situational, societal, political or cultural aspects of the environment of text and talk, on the one hand, and the structures of discourse itself, on the other. That is, in the example of Jokowi's Speech.

So far have formulated some ideas on the nature of contexts and some observations on the contextual properties of a political speech. Obviously, this is not yet a theory. In the same way we formulate explicit grammars on the verbal structures of text or talk, or explicit conversation theories on their interactional characteristics, we also need a more explicit theory of contexts as mental constructs. In linguistics, discourse analysis and conversation analysis, we often leave such notions undefined, or treat them as theoretical primitives.

2.3Context analysis

Before language users are able to match incoming information against the more general linguistic and other knowledge in memory, they must analyse the context with respect to which a certain speech act is performed. One of the methodological principles which should be kept in mind is that the notion of context is both a theoretical and a cognitive abstraction, viz. from the actual physical-biological-etc. situation. That is, a great number of features of the situation are not relevant for the correct comprehension of the illocutionary force of utterances. It will seldom be the case that, whether my speech participant has

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red hair or not, I will understand his utterances in different ways (with the possible exception of those cases where such situational details are thematized). Hence a speech understander will focus attention on specific properties of the situation which might be relevant for correct interpretation of both meaning/reference and pragmatic intentions/purposes. A next methodological point is that unlike pragmatics and (the rest of) grammar, a cognitive theory does not (only) have rules and concepts, but strategies and schemata, i.e. devices for a fast and functional processing of information.

Context analysis as a component in speech act comprehension also involves self-analysis of the hearer. In order to understand that the particular speech act is appropriate to him, he must be aware of his own (previous) activities and the underlying knowledge, wishes, attitudes and emotions. Thus if in a particular context somebody offers me help, I must be aware of the fact that I am acting such that such an offer makes sense, and that the offer pertains to a goal which is probably (partly) identical with my own goal. More specifically, the speaker not only has information about the world or the social structure in particular, but also about me, as the participant in communication. The hearer, thus, will have to compare what the speaker apparently assumes about the hearer, with his own self-knowledge. (Context and Cognition: Knowledge Frames and

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1. Examples of context analysis

In order to illustrate informally our levels and categories operating in pragmatic context analysis of language users, we will give two examples of speech acts and a characterization of a context in which they are appropriate. The examples will be taken from both an institutional and a private kind of context. First, consider the following utterance:

“May I see your ticket, please?”

Although there is set of possible contexts with respect to which this utterance, taken as a request, may be appropriate, only one example will be given, viz. that of ticket inspection on trains, or means of public transport in general:

Social context type:situational context . Public. Institution: Public Transport

Frame: Ticket Inspection A. Frame structure

a. Setting: train (during operation)

b. Functions: F(x): official ticket-inspector

G(y): passenger

c. Properties: x has visible signs of being inspector of the (railroad)

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Inspector of the (railroad) company; x actually performs his task of ticket inspection; y is the obvious ticket-holder (e.g. not a child travelling with his parent)

d. Relations: F(x) has authority over G(y);

e. Positions: (see functions): y is checked by x

x is checking y

B. Frame conventions (rules, norms, etc.)

1. Each passenger must have a valid ticket when on means of public transport;

2. Each passenger must show his ticket upon request to officials of the railroad company;

3. A passenger which is not in the possession of a valid ticket will be fined $25.00. n. It belongs to the duties of ticket-inspectors to inspect tickets. ( Van Dijk, Context And Cognition: Knowledge Frames And Speech Act Comprehension, Pages 221)

It is roughly in this kind of context that an utterance as may successfully be performed as an acceptable request. That is, the hearer will not only conclude from the form of the utterance itself (see below) that it is a request, but also that the request satisfies the specific request conditions as well as the grounds for these conditions, as defined by the social structure. Only those hearers who have the information available about the context as specified will be able to judge

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whether these grounds are sufficient for the acceptability of the act of requesting, and hence whether the request should be complied with or not Thus, if one of the contextual features does not obtain the request may become spurious and hence socially unacceptable (at least to some degree). If I am not on the train, no request for my train ticket may be made; similarly if the inspector has neither a uniform nor identification: I need not show my ticket to any passenger requesting so; etc. Note that the frame conventions are the basis from which specific knowledge, beliefs, duties/ obligations, etc. may be derived. Hence, passenger x (= hearer) knows that by regulation (law) B.1. He should also have a ticket, a knowledge which is a condition for actually buying the ticket, and for feeling the obligation to show it to an inspector, when requested (as by B.2).

2. As a second example we take a speech act from an informal private context:

“Let me carry your suitcase!”

Performed in a situation in which the speaker (x) takes the hearer (y) from the train, thereby making an offer to carry the hearer s luggage. Clearly, such an offer would be appropriate in many kinds of contexts, because there are no institutional restrictions on the interaction as in the first example:

Social context type: Physical context Frame: Meet somebody (at arrival) A. Frame structure

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b. Functions: F(x): host G(y): guest

c. Properties: xis strong enough to carry suitcase ymay be tired and/or

yhas difficulties wearing suitcase, and/or yis a woman or old person

d. Relations: xknows y (and y knows x) (yknows that) xis there to meet y

e. Position: xis helper ofy

B. Frame Conventions

1. Ifxmeets y at arrival, x should be friendly toy;

2. Ifyhas difficulty (or may have difficulty) in accomplishing a task, xshould help y(or offer to help y);

3. Heavy luggage is a sufficient reason for offering help;

4. Guests, and especially women, tired, ill or old persons should be offered help. Contextual course of action:

Macro-action:Arrival ofy.Ybeing met byx. Previous acts: - y prepared for arrival

- y got out of train - y looked for x -ywalked tox

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This categorized list, then, is assumed to represent the major components of a schema necessary in the comprehension (and acceptance) of as a request. Note that since we specify the knowledge which must be available for the adequate comprehension of speech acts, the acts are described, as in the previous example, from the point of view of the hearer. In case the major features of this context should not be satisfied, the request may become inappropriate, or it may become notcomplied with. Thus, if I do not wait for somebody, does not know him/her, etc., I may not usually offer for help, according to the frame conventions. Similarly, a strong man will usually protest against the offer if this is made by a child or a weak person in general.

The categories used above are not definitive, and require further definition. Especially the difference between the function and the position categories are not always clearcut. By a function we understand a more or less fixed, often institutionalized, set of properties/ relations, e.g. professions, e.g. judge, ticket-inspector, etc. but also host, guest, etc. Positions on the other hand more specifically define the kind of relation operating in the frame, between the participants, i.e. they define their actual role in interaction: I may help, advise, prohibit,etc.

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Chapter III

This chapter present method of the study implemented in present study in order to convey a clear idea about the methodological aspect employed. It consist of the research approach, technique of data collection, data sources and data, instrument, procedure, and technique of data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

According to Cohen (1980), explains that defined as social research that employs empirical methods and empirical statements. He states that an empirical statement is defined as a descriptive statement about what “is” the case in the

“real world” rather than what “ought” to be the case. Typica ly, empirical statements are expressed in numerical terms, another factor in quantitative research is that empirical evaluations are applied. Empirical evaluations are defined as a form that seeks to determine the degree to which a specific program or policy empirically fulfills or does not fulfill a particular standard or nom.

Moreover, Creswell (1994) has given a very concise definition of quantitative research as a type of research that is explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics).

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In quantitative research collect numerical data. It is closely related to the latter part of the definition based analysis using mathematical methods. In order to use mathematical methods based on the data we need in numeric form.

3.2 Data and Sources of Data

The sources of the data in this study were taken from some speech from jokowi during become a president 2014-2016. Some of this speech can be from a few videos taken from YouTube. The data source is the speech of jokowi containing different types of meaning contained in the speech's content, context and message that can be taken or can be understood by the public. Data were taken for analysis of 15 videos each a minimum duration of 20 minutes.

3.3 Instruments

The instrument of this study is the researchers themselves, because he will be the one who manages the process of data collection and data analysis. Data will take by video obtained from YouTube. And researchers will transcribe all the speeches uttered by jokowi when speech.

3.4 Data Collection

The Data in this research will be taken from the roomates Consist of words, phrases and sentences that Expressed by jokowi when speech. The researcher will apply several procedures to collect the data. First, researchers will select a few sentences Containing meaning or message from some of these videos. Second, the researcher will transcribe by attaching transcripts.

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3.2 Data Analysis

After collecting the data, researcher will conduct saveral activities for data analysis.

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Chapter IV

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter will present the result action the research some speech from jokowi as president, to improve the reader understanding of context and messages on the speech. The data from the research are described and discussed in the following subheadings: research findings and discussion of the findings.

4.1 Research findings

In chapter fourr divided into two parts from the research problem. The first talks about what are the massages of Jokowi’s Speech during his precedence. The second what kind the context of Jokowi’s Speech during his precedence, after the researchers collected data, the authors analyzed Data from the "president's speechwriter jokowi" has been collected which aims to find more about understanding the messages and the context. This research on analyzing the classification of i lutrationary in Jokowi’s speech there are directive, commisive, expressive, and declaration.

Context greatly affect the form of the language that will be used by a speaker. Context is a used of information in computing environments. As a result, they have an impoverished understanding of what context is and how it can be used. In this paper, researcher provide an operational definition of context and discuss the different ways that context can be used by context, method used to

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analyze the internal ecosystem in which an organization operates. The purpose of this analysis is to ensure the project is informed by all the contextual factors that may affect the implementation and sustainability. We all know that the words similar in one location may not produce the same results as if they were talking elsewhere. In most settings joke received and they will get a laugh, but not at the funeral. Part of being a “_{rhetorical sensitive}” _{is knowing what type of message} according to the arrangements and be able to anticipate how your message will be interpreted by others in a variety of settings. The most important influence on what is appropriate and how messages are interpreted is context. We can better understand communication events by becoming aware of the six kinds of context. The researcher founds 6 kinds of context are present for every act of communication but in different settings one or another may become more important.(http://department.monm.edu/cata/saved_files/Handouts/CONTEXTS.F SC.html)

Kleden (in Sudaryat, 2009: 141) says the context is a specific space and time facing a person or group of people. Halliday (1994: 6) argues that the context is the text accompanying the text. That is the context of the present accompanying text. Then, Kridalaksana (2011: 134) defines the context is

(1) Aspects of the physical environment or social crochet hooks with particular speech.

(2) Knowledge that both have the speaker and listener so that the

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According to Brown & Yule (1983) is the environmental context or circumstance where the language is used. Halliday & Hasan (1994) says literal context means "something Accompanying text", ie something that is inherently and present along with the text, so that it can be interpreted as a situation or background context of the occurrence of a communication. Then, according to Mulyana (2005: 21) context can be considered as the cause and reason for the occurrence of a conversation / dialogue. Everything related to speech, whether it relates to the meaning, purpose, and information, is highly dependent on the context behind the speech event. Like pattern on the chart below.

Basically the real form of human verbal communication. Therefore, the discourse is always presupposes the existence of the first or commonly known speaker, author, or speakers (addressor), and the second as the pair spoke or listeners, readers, speakers (addressee). Understanding the speech between the first and second, as seen in the chart above, is highly dependent on how the speaker to understand speech that is contextual. One element that is quite important is the context of time and place. For example: "When six o'clock, the village Tirtomoyo already looked deserted as a tomb. I was forced to close the door. Sign in and lie down.

I woke up at three in the morning. Not calculated turns on the road has a lot of people passing by. "These examples provide information about the 'state of a country based on the context of place and time'. An understanding of the circumstances and the crowd generally different villages in urban conditions. Such information could even mean the opposite. 18.00 pm in the village,

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especially in remote areas, may already be considered a night (the indication was dark, because there is no electric lighting, and so on.) While in the city, the context of the time as it was still considered to be in the afternoon. 03.00 hours of the morning, in the village has been considered early in the work, while in the city, is still very night. The interpretation was based solely on the conditions and habit. When it is associated with a busy work, for example in the terminal, in the market, in discotheques, or in other places, certainly understanding of the meaning and the information will also undergo changes.

The context of the participants (speakers) are also very instrumental in understanding the meaning and narrative information. Eg speech appears below. "I want to get off. Already tired. "If that is to say the speech was an official or politician, it is very possible is by going down was 'down from office'. However, it could be mistaken understanding speech when, for example, uttered by a little boy who was climbing a tree. Its meaning can change drastically, which is 'out of the tree'. In short, to get a thorough understanding of the discourse, the context must be understood and analyzed absolutely.

Speaker : Jokowi

Hearing : Audience

Location : Jempo kemayoran Building

Time : Morning

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Messages :

Indonesia must think long term is not just a concept and a vision for a 5 or 10 years he served as president, but a continuous and sustainable, "said Pangi through short messages. the results of the president's speech that can be captured is Jokowi wants to send a message in Rakernas PDIP said that the news that opinion stating that jokowi equivocal, jokowi have expressed such courage evidence detonate fishing boats are stealing the wealth of Indonesia.

NO Utterance Explanation

1 “_Pada _pagi _hari _ini _hadir, seluruh bakal calon kepala daerah yang hadir di pagi hari ini, dari wali kota dan bupati dan gubernur undangan yang berbahagia, 255 calon pemimpin daerah hadir pada malam hari ini.”

.” _{The sentence revealed by} Jokowi has the meaning that a time will come election for the leader of each city that will soon be implemented. The type of the context : Inner context

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2 “_Saya _ingin _menyampaikan bahwa seorang pemimpin baik di tingkat kota, kabupaten, gubernur, propinsi dan nasional, memimpin itu harus punya ideologi, harus ada ideologinya tetapi cara penerapannya berbeda.”

” _Sentence _the _jokowi _is spoken by leader must have the same ideology but the way they are applied different there is a passing movement change etc. The type of the context : Symbolic contex because it

gives a message to an

audience

3 Sentence “_Pembangunan

jangka menengah jangka yang sangat panjang yang berisi rencana-rencana besar kita, mimpi-mimpi kita harus mulai kita pikirkan secara serius!”

The sentence has a meaning which means that jokowi wants all of Indonesian government and people to plan what to do next 5 years. Thus creating a guide, the bow on the country or countries of interest Indonesia. The type of context : Symbolic contex because it gives a message to an audience

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4 _“_{Menjadi pekerjaan rumah kita}

dalam mengarungi

pembangunan”

Sentence “_{Menjadi pekerjaan} rumah kita dalam mengarungi pembangunan” _states _that have a achievment together in doing construction every year. The type of context : Physical Context

5 “_{kita sudah masuk di dalam era} kompetisi, kita telah masuk dalam sebuah era persaingan , yang tidak lagi bisa kita tolak”

Sentence Express so that we

has entry to the Asian

economy. The type of context : Physical Context because explain about time.

6 Sentence “_{wong mereka takut} kepada kita, wong mereka khawatir kepada kita, kenapa kita justru ikut khawatir seperti mereka”

Jokowi meaning of the sentence is want to encourage the citizens of of Indonesian's

economy, and wants to

compete with other countries. So that the audience can motivate themselves. The type of context : Inner Context

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7 “_{tidak ada kata lain semuanya} dari atas sampai bawah harus bekerja keras, apa yang masih kurang apa yang kita benahi”

it is means that instructed all such government from the central to the city, more motivational the audience to be able to fix what is lacking in them. The type of context : Inner Context

8 “_inilah _tantangan _{yang harus} kita hadapi, ketimpangan wilayah, ketimpangan kaya dan miskin, ketimpangan harga”

It’_{s means that has regional} difference distinction of rich and poor, and the price difference of each region. The type of context : Inner Context

9 “_{ada yang bilang tidak tegas} ada yang bilang tidak berani”

the sentence by jokowi to the audience is to prove that during leadership jokowi can be able to be assertive identity.

The type of context :

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between speakers with

audience.

10 “_{kita ingin berdaulat, kita ingin} berdikari dan berkepribadian”

the means of the sentence is no want to need help from others. The type of context : Relational Context, relations

between speakers with

audience.

Speaker : Jokowi

Hearing : Audience

Location : JCC Senayan

Time : Morning

Title : Dari Jakarta Untuk Palestina

Messages: the result of the speech Jokowi again called for the Palestinians must unite and reconcile in order to fight Israel. Jokowi said at the time of soekarno ever said “_{Selama kemerdekaan bangsa Palestina belum diserahkan} kepada orang-orang Palestina, maka selama itulah bangsa Indonesia berdiri

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menantang penjajahan Israel” jokowi has said that the situation in Palestine is even more alarming, the State of Israel increasingly bear with Palestine. Jokowi stated that how to fight Israel? Namely the policies of Israel against the need for internal Palestinian unity and the OIC should be part of the solution and not part of the problem.

No Utterance Explanation

“_{palestina harus rekonsiliasi}”

Jokowi said that actions to restore friendly relations to the original condition. The type of context : Situational Contex

“_apabila _OKI _tidak _bisa menjadi bagian dari solusi palestina, maka keberadaan OKI tidak menjadi tidak relevan lagi, sekali lagi menjadi idak relevan

uderstanding relevant, is any direct connection with the problems they face, and there are mutual benefits between both up. The type of context : Inner Context

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“_Dunia _{islam kembali}

menyerukan agar proses

perdamaian jangan ditunda-tunda”

the means of what is being said is that the motivation of Islam to rise from adversity. The type of context : Symbolic contex because it gives a message to an audience

15`

Indonesia akan selalu berada di

garis terdepan untuk

mendukung perjuangan rakyat palestina”

president jokowi stated that Indonesia would be ready to help the citizens of Palestine. The type of context : Situational Context helping a friend with a problem

Jokowi dan JK mengucapkan sumpah”

promise was confirmed that the commitment to work hard to achieve our collective will as a great nation.

17 “_{persatuan dan gotong royong} adalah syarat bagi kita untuk

Give each other suggestions will be human beings help each

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menjadi bangsa besar, kita tidak akan pernah besar jika terjebak dalam keterpecahan dan keterbelahan dan kita tidak pernah betul-betul merdeka tanpa kerja keras”

other, all starting with the hard work the type of context Relational Context

“_{saya yakin negara ini akan} semakin kuat dan berwibawa jika semua lembaga negara bekerja memanggul mandat yang telah diberikan oleh konstitusi kita”

Countries will be great if the government and the community work together the type of context : Inner Context

19 “_{kita akan kembangkan layar} yang kuat, kita akan hadapi semua badai dan gelombang samudra, dengan kekuatan kita sendiri”

About motivation word, the explain by jokowi to audience. The type of context : Relational Context

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20 “_{apresiasi kepada semua yang}

menjaga nilai-nilai

keagamaan, baik itu di masjid, di gereja di vihara di pura.”

Give about appreciation, respect between religion. The type of context : Physical Context

21 “_{kita menolak segala bentuk} intimidasi, kebohongan, dan kceurangan yang mencuri hak rakyat.”

expressed about the lack of country we want to be fooled by other countries. The type of context : Physical Context

22 “_kita _semua _{telah dihantam} fitnah dan kebohongan, tapi kita tidak pernah tumbang, karena kita bekerja tulus untuk negara indonesia”

Many slander, always

suppressed. but Indonesia is not daunted because people are very compact. The type of context :

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Speaker : Jokowi

Hearing : Audience

Location : Konferensi Asia Afrika (KAA) di Jakarta.

Time : Morning

Title : Grand Opening KAA

Messages:

KAA will produce three documents that will be an agreement and declared on the 60th anniversary of the annual event, the message Bandung Declaration for Reviving the New Asian-African Strategic Partnership (NAASP), and the Declaration of Support for Palestine. Visionary message, put forward the new partnership is real, and the revitalization of strengthening Asia-Africa partnership on political solidarity, economic cooperation and socio-cultural relations as the three main pillars.

Declaration to revive NAASP will include the strengthening of solidarity, friendship and cooperation. Then a review of development cooperation NAASP over the last 10 years. Meanwhile, to support the Palestinian declaration will provide consistent support to the establishment of a Palestinian State and the basic rights of its citizens.

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23 Enam puluh tahun lalu Bapak

Bangsa kami Presiden Soekarno, Bung Karno, mencetuskan gagasan tersebut demi membangkitkan kesadaran bangsa-bangsa Asia dan Afrika utk mendapatkan hak hidup sebagai bangsa merdeka yang menolak ketidakadilan, yang

menentang segala bentuk

imperalisme.

Showing a statement ever given by the main Indonesian president, the idea that a right as a nation and justice. The type of context :

Relational Context

24 Kini, 60 tahun kemudian, kita kembali bertemu di negeri ini, di Indonesia, dalam suasana dunia yang berbeda bangsa-bangsa terjajah telah merdeka dan berdaulat, namun perjuangan kita belum selesai.

Flashback, discuss about 60 years ago, hope this country will be sucsess. The type of context : Relational Context and Inner context

25 Kita juga harus pastikan samudera kita, laut kita, aman bagi lalu lintas perdagangan dunia.

Invites audiences to secure the assets owned by the Indonesian. . The type of context : Relational Context

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Speaker : Jokowi

Hearing : Audience

Location : Sapta Marga Building Magelang

Time : 26 Jul 2016

Title : Upacara Pelantikan Perwira Remaja TNI dan Polri

Messages : In this speech the officers who will be inducted and devotion to duty, the junior officers will get some briefing material from the president jokowi, commander of the TNI, police chief.

NO Utterance Meaning

26 Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan selamat kepada para perwira remaja lulusan akademi TNI dan akademi Kepolisian Republik Indonesia yang baru saja saya lantik. Ingat bahwa perjalanan kalian baru saja dimulai.

It’_{s mean that The journey to become an} officer loyal and serve the nation, the state, and the people of Indonesia. The type of context : Inner Context, Relational Context.

27 Sebagai masa depan TNI dan Polri kalian akan menjadi

The meaning that will make the future is getting better or for the worse.

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND

SUGGESTION

After analyzing discussing the problem in pr ious chapter, the researcher

would like to present some conclusion, neside the researcer also give suggestions.

5.1 Conclusion

After

analyzing the

some

speech by Jokowi.

The

research made

conclusion. The terms being discussion would not be immediately, when it was

heard for the first time. The listeners would interpret with various kinds of

meanings.

Researchers have taken the data from some of the speeches that have been

read by Jokowi during his presidency, then the researchers analyzed messages and

context, filtering out some sentences that can be understood and understood the

meaning of the sentence. Context on the analysis performed by the researchers is

to include some 6 kinds, but more to understanding a sentence.

5.2 Suggestion

The significance of the research and the results of the study, the

researchers' goals some suggestions. Research hope that this study is useful for

further research especially young research department of English at the State

Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya and useful for other researchers. It was

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important for further research to conduct their research is not limited to two types of

in-depth discussions but also broaden the analysis of the context

After the data is collected, analyzed in the following steps. Then the data will

be presented every category analyzed and summarized. To analyze the data, the

research identifies each of data, both words meaning research and explain step by step

from the text of the speech by describing the type of context. Finally the researcher

realized that this research is still far from perfect. So this research will listen to all

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BarHillel.

Reuters, Thomson. 2015.

journal of pragmatics

context and cognition.

Dey, A.K. Abowd, G.D. 2000. Towards a Better

Understanding of Context and

Context-Awareness

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a brief history of context.

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Dey, A.K. Abowd, G.D. 2000.

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Trommer, Jochen. 2012.

The morphology and phonology of exponence.

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Amin, Yuridka.2015.

Speech Styles used by the Main Character in Anton

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