Pengaruh Kesehatan Dan Kesetan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan Dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening
SKRIPSI
PENGARUH KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA TERHADAP
KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT.COCA-COLA AMATIL
INDONESIA (CCAI) UNIT MEDAN DENGAN MOTIVASI
SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
OLEH
DEBBYANZAH FAHMI HARAHAP
100502022
PROGRAM STUDI STRATA S1 MANAJEMEN
DEPARTEMEN MANAJEMEN
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
PENGARUH KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA TERHADAP
KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT.COCA-COLA AMATIL
INDONESIA (CCAI) UNIT MEDAN DENGAN MOTIVASI
SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kesehatan dan
Keselamatan Kerja terhadap Kinerja karyawan pada PT.Coca-Cola Amatil
Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan.
Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan
metode analisis Jalur. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 174 orang karyawan pada
PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini
menggunakan Simple random sampling yang berjumlah 64 Karyawan.
pengumpulan data primer menggunakan kuesioner dan pengumpulan data
sekunder menggunakan studi kasus.
Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara serempak Kesehatan dan
Keselamatan kerja berpengaruh terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja karyawan
PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan. Pada metode analisis jalur
Kesehatan berpengaruh positif terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja karyawan, pada
variabel Keselamatan kerja berpenguh positif terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja.
Pengaruh langsung Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja lebih besar di bandingkan
pengaruh tidak langsung melalui Motivasi terhadap kinerja. PT.Coca-Cola Amatil
Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan. Kesehatan kerja adalah variabel yang paling
dominan berpengaruh terhadap Motivasi, sedangkan keselamatan kerja yang
paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja karyawan PT.Coca-Cola Amatil
Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan
Kata Kunci : Kesehatan, Keselamatan, Motivasi dan Kinerja Karyawan
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Health and
Safety of the employee's performance at Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at
Medan.
The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and path analysis. The
study population consisted of 174 employees at Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia
(CCAI) at Medan. The sample in this study using simple random sampling,
totaling 64 employees. collection of primary data using questionnaires and
secondary data collection using case studies.
As the results showed that simultaneously affect health and safety
motivation, and Health, Safety and Performance Motivation of employees
responsible for Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at Medan. Using path
analysis methods Health positively influence employee motivation and
performance, and safety has a positive effect on motivation and performance of
employees. The direct effect of health and safety of employees are greater than the
indirect effect through motivation on performance. Health of employees are the
most dominant influence on motivation and performance of employees at CocaCola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at Medan.
Keyword : Health, Safety, Motivation, Performance
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... I
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... II
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... II
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... V
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... VI
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... VII
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. VIII
BAB I
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang ...................................................................................
Perumusan Masalah ...........................................................................
Tujuan ................................................................................................
Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................
1
10
10
10
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Kesehatan Kerja .................................................................................
2.1.1 Pengertian Kesehatan Kerja ...................................................
2.1.2 Program Kesehatan Kerja ......................................................
2.1.3 Tujuan Kesehatan Kerja .........................................................
2.1.4 Penyakit Akibat Kerja ............................................................
2.1.5 Indikator Kesehatan Kerja......................................................
2.2 Keselmatan Kerja ...............................................................................
2.2.1 Pengertian Keselmatan Kerja .................................................
2.2.2 Program Keselamatan Kerja ..................................................
2.2.3 Syarat-syarat Keselamatan Kerja ...........................................
2.2.4 Tujuan Keselamatan Kerja .....................................................
2.2.5 Penyebab Utama Timbulnya Kecelakaan Kerja ....................
2.2.6 Dimensi dan Indikator Keselamatan Kerja ............................
2.2.7 Landasan Hukum Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ...........
2.3 Motivasi .............................................................................................
2.3.1 Pengertian Motivasi ...............................................................
2.3.2 Tujuan Motivasi .....................................................................
2.3.3 Teori-Teori Motivasi ..............................................................
2.3.4 Dimensi dan Indikator Motivasi ............................................
2.4 Kinerja Karyawan ..............................................................................
2.4.1 Pengertian Kinerja..................................................................
2.4.2 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja ..........................
2.4.3 Penilaian Kinerja ....................................................................
2.4.4 Evaluasi Kinerja .....................................................................
2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu ..........................................................................
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2.6
2.7
Kerangka Konseptual .........................................................................
Hipotesis Penelitian ...........................................................................
54
54
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Jenis Penelitian...................................................................................
3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................
3.3 Batasan Operasional...........................................................................
3.4 Defenisi Operasional ..........................................................................
3.5 Skala Pengukuran Variabel ................................................................
3.6 Populasi dan Sampel ..........................................................................
3.6.1 Populasi ..................................................................................
3.6.2 Sampel ....................................................................................
3.7 Jenis dan Sumber Data .......................................................................
3.8 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................
3.9 Uji Validitas dan Releabilitas ............................................................
3.10 Teknik Analisis ..................................................................................
3.10.1 Analisis Deskriptif .................................................................
3.10.2 Uji Asumsi Klasik ..................................................................
3.10.2.1 Uji Normalitas ..........................................................
3.10.2.2 Uji Heteroskedastisitas.............................................
3.10.2.3 Multikolinieritas .......................................................
3.10.3 Analisis Jalur ..........................................................................
3.10.3.1 Koefisien Determinan (� 2 ) ......................................
3.10.3.2 Uji F (Uji secara Serempak/Simultan) .....................
3.10.3.3 Uji- t (Uji Parsial) ....................................................
56
56
56
57
59
60
60
60
61
62
62
63
64
64
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Gambaran Umum Perusahaan............................................................
4.1.1 Sejarah Singkat.......................................................................
4.1.2 Struktur Organisasi ................................................................
4.1.3 Kegiatan Operasional .............................................................
4.2 Analisis Deskriptif .............................................................................
4.2.1 Karakter Responden ...............................................................
4.2.2 Jawaban Responden Atas Variabel Penelitian .......................
4.3 Analisis Statistik ................................................................................
4.3.1 Uji Asumsi Klasik ..................................................................
4.3.2 Uji Heterokedastisitas ............................................................
4.3.3 Uji Multikolinearitas ..............................................................
4.3.4 Analisis Jalur ..........................................................................
4.4 Analisis Deskriptif .............................................................................
4.4.1 Uji Signifikan Simultan (Uji F) .............................................
4.4.2 Uji Signifikan Parsial (Uji t) ..................................................
4.4.3 Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) ...................................
4.5 Pengaruh Secara Langsung ................................................................
4.6 Pengaruh Secara Tidak Langsung ......................................................
4.7 Pembahasan ......................................................................................
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75
78
78
80
80
83
90
91
95
99
100
102
102
104
106
108
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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................
115
117
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
Lampran ...........................................................................................................
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DAFTAR TABEL
No. Tabel
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
Judul
Halaman
Data Kcelakaan Kerja PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia
Unit Medan ..........................................................................
Anggaran Program Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja.......
Jumlah Penjualan dan Laba bersih ......................................
Laporan Tingkat Kehadiran Karyawan ...............................
Jurnal dan Penelitian Terdahulu ..........................................
Operasionalisasi Variabel ....................................................
Skor Pendapat Responden ...................................................
Hasil Uji Validitas ...............................................................
Hasil Uji Reliabilitas ...........................................................
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin .........
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia ........................
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan .............
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Masa Kerja .............
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Kesehatan Kerja .
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Keselamatan Kerja
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Motivasi ..............
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Kinerja Karyawan
Hasil Kolmogorov Smirnov Terhadap Motivasi ................
Hasil Kolmogorov Smirnov Terhadap Kinerja ...................
Uji Glejser Terhadap Motivasi ............................................
Uji Glejser Terhadap Kinerja ..............................................
Uji Nilai Tolerance dan VIF Terhadap Motivasi ................
Uji Nilai Tolerance dan VIF Terhadap Kinerja ..................
Analisis Jalur Terhadap Motivasi ........................................
Analisis Jalur Terhadap Motivasi ........................................
Uji Simultan (Uji F) Terhadap Motivasi .............................
Uji Simultan (Uji F) Terhadap Kinerja ...............................
Uji Parsial (Uji t) Terhadap Motivasi .................................
Uji Parsial (Uji t)Terhadap Kinerja .....................................
Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) Terhadap Motivasi ..................
Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) Terhadap Kinerja ....................
6
7
8
9
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58
60
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65
80
81
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83
84
86
87
90
94
95
98
98
99
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100
101
103
103
104
105
107
107
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
No. Gambar
2.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
Judul
Halaman
Kerangka Konseptual ....................................................
Grafik Histogram Motivasi ...........................................
Plot Uji Normalitas Motivasi ........................................
Grafik Histogram Kinerja .............................................
Plot Uji Normalitas Kinerja ..........................................
Uji Heteroskedastisitas Motivasi ..................................
Uji Heteroskedastisitas Kinerja .....................................
Model Analisis Jalur Persamaan Pertama .....................
Model Analisis Jalur Persamaan Kedua........................
Model Akhir Analisis Jalur ...........................................
54
92
92
93
93
96
97
108
109
111
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PENGARUH KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA TERHADAP
KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT.COCA-COLA AMATIL
INDONESIA (CCAI) UNIT MEDAN DENGAN MOTIVASI
SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
OLEH
DEBBYANZAH FAHMI HARAHAP
100502022
PROGRAM STUDI STRATA S1 MANAJEMEN
DEPARTEMEN MANAJEMEN
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
PENGARUH KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA TERHADAP
KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT.COCA-COLA AMATIL
INDONESIA (CCAI) UNIT MEDAN DENGAN MOTIVASI
SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kesehatan dan
Keselamatan Kerja terhadap Kinerja karyawan pada PT.Coca-Cola Amatil
Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan.
Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan
metode analisis Jalur. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 174 orang karyawan pada
PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini
menggunakan Simple random sampling yang berjumlah 64 Karyawan.
pengumpulan data primer menggunakan kuesioner dan pengumpulan data
sekunder menggunakan studi kasus.
Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara serempak Kesehatan dan
Keselamatan kerja berpengaruh terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja karyawan
PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan. Pada metode analisis jalur
Kesehatan berpengaruh positif terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja karyawan, pada
variabel Keselamatan kerja berpenguh positif terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja.
Pengaruh langsung Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja lebih besar di bandingkan
pengaruh tidak langsung melalui Motivasi terhadap kinerja. PT.Coca-Cola Amatil
Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan. Kesehatan kerja adalah variabel yang paling
dominan berpengaruh terhadap Motivasi, sedangkan keselamatan kerja yang
paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja karyawan PT.Coca-Cola Amatil
Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan
Kata Kunci : Kesehatan, Keselamatan, Motivasi dan Kinerja Karyawan
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Health and
Safety of the employee's performance at Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at
Medan.
The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and path analysis. The
study population consisted of 174 employees at Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia
(CCAI) at Medan. The sample in this study using simple random sampling,
totaling 64 employees. collection of primary data using questionnaires and
secondary data collection using case studies.
As the results showed that simultaneously affect health and safety
motivation, and Health, Safety and Performance Motivation of employees
responsible for Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at Medan. Using path
analysis methods Health positively influence employee motivation and
performance, and safety has a positive effect on motivation and performance of
employees. The direct effect of health and safety of employees are greater than the
indirect effect through motivation on performance. Health of employees are the
most dominant influence on motivation and performance of employees at CocaCola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at Medan.
Keyword : Health, Safety, Motivation, Performance
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... I
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... II
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... II
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... V
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... VI
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... VII
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. VIII
BAB I
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang ...................................................................................
Perumusan Masalah ...........................................................................
Tujuan ................................................................................................
Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................
1
10
10
10
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Kesehatan Kerja .................................................................................
2.1.1 Pengertian Kesehatan Kerja ...................................................
2.1.2 Program Kesehatan Kerja ......................................................
2.1.3 Tujuan Kesehatan Kerja .........................................................
2.1.4 Penyakit Akibat Kerja ............................................................
2.1.5 Indikator Kesehatan Kerja......................................................
2.2 Keselmatan Kerja ...............................................................................
2.2.1 Pengertian Keselmatan Kerja .................................................
2.2.2 Program Keselamatan Kerja ..................................................
2.2.3 Syarat-syarat Keselamatan Kerja ...........................................
2.2.4 Tujuan Keselamatan Kerja .....................................................
2.2.5 Penyebab Utama Timbulnya Kecelakaan Kerja ....................
2.2.6 Dimensi dan Indikator Keselamatan Kerja ............................
2.2.7 Landasan Hukum Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ...........
2.3 Motivasi .............................................................................................
2.3.1 Pengertian Motivasi ...............................................................
2.3.2 Tujuan Motivasi .....................................................................
2.3.3 Teori-Teori Motivasi ..............................................................
2.3.4 Dimensi dan Indikator Motivasi ............................................
2.4 Kinerja Karyawan ..............................................................................
2.4.1 Pengertian Kinerja..................................................................
2.4.2 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja ..........................
2.4.3 Penilaian Kinerja ....................................................................
2.4.4 Evaluasi Kinerja .....................................................................
2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu ..........................................................................
12
12
15
18
19
21
22
22
22
26
27
28
31
32
33
33
34
35
38
39
39
40
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45
51
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2.6
2.7
Kerangka Konseptual .........................................................................
Hipotesis Penelitian ...........................................................................
54
54
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Jenis Penelitian...................................................................................
3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................
3.3 Batasan Operasional...........................................................................
3.4 Defenisi Operasional ..........................................................................
3.5 Skala Pengukuran Variabel ................................................................
3.6 Populasi dan Sampel ..........................................................................
3.6.1 Populasi ..................................................................................
3.6.2 Sampel ....................................................................................
3.7 Jenis dan Sumber Data .......................................................................
3.8 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................
3.9 Uji Validitas dan Releabilitas ............................................................
3.10 Teknik Analisis ..................................................................................
3.10.1 Analisis Deskriptif .................................................................
3.10.2 Uji Asumsi Klasik ..................................................................
3.10.2.1 Uji Normalitas ..........................................................
3.10.2.2 Uji Heteroskedastisitas.............................................
3.10.2.3 Multikolinieritas .......................................................
3.10.3 Analisis Jalur ..........................................................................
3.10.3.1 Koefisien Determinan (� 2 ) ......................................
3.10.3.2 Uji F (Uji secara Serempak/Simultan) .....................
3.10.3.3 Uji- t (Uji Parsial) ....................................................
56
56
56
57
59
60
60
60
61
62
62
63
64
64
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Gambaran Umum Perusahaan............................................................
4.1.1 Sejarah Singkat.......................................................................
4.1.2 Struktur Organisasi ................................................................
4.1.3 Kegiatan Operasional .............................................................
4.2 Analisis Deskriptif .............................................................................
4.2.1 Karakter Responden ...............................................................
4.2.2 Jawaban Responden Atas Variabel Penelitian .......................
4.3 Analisis Statistik ................................................................................
4.3.1 Uji Asumsi Klasik ..................................................................
4.3.2 Uji Heterokedastisitas ............................................................
4.3.3 Uji Multikolinearitas ..............................................................
4.3.4 Analisis Jalur ..........................................................................
4.4 Analisis Deskriptif .............................................................................
4.4.1 Uji Signifikan Simultan (Uji F) .............................................
4.4.2 Uji Signifikan Parsial (Uji t) ..................................................
4.4.3 Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) ...................................
4.5 Pengaruh Secara Langsung ................................................................
4.6 Pengaruh Secara Tidak Langsung ......................................................
4.7 Pembahasan ......................................................................................
75
75
78
78
80
80
83
90
91
95
99
100
102
102
104
106
108
110
111
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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................
115
117
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
Lampran ...........................................................................................................
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR TABEL
No. Tabel
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
Judul
Halaman
Data Kcelakaan Kerja PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia
Unit Medan ..........................................................................
Anggaran Program Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja.......
Jumlah Penjualan dan Laba bersih ......................................
Laporan Tingkat Kehadiran Karyawan ...............................
Jurnal dan Penelitian Terdahulu ..........................................
Operasionalisasi Variabel ....................................................
Skor Pendapat Responden ...................................................
Hasil Uji Validitas ...............................................................
Hasil Uji Reliabilitas ...........................................................
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin .........
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia ........................
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan .............
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Masa Kerja .............
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Kesehatan Kerja .
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Keselamatan Kerja
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Motivasi ..............
Distribusi Jawaban Responden Variabel Kinerja Karyawan
Hasil Kolmogorov Smirnov Terhadap Motivasi ................
Hasil Kolmogorov Smirnov Terhadap Kinerja ...................
Uji Glejser Terhadap Motivasi ............................................
Uji Glejser Terhadap Kinerja ..............................................
Uji Nilai Tolerance dan VIF Terhadap Motivasi ................
Uji Nilai Tolerance dan VIF Terhadap Kinerja ..................
Analisis Jalur Terhadap Motivasi ........................................
Analisis Jalur Terhadap Motivasi ........................................
Uji Simultan (Uji F) Terhadap Motivasi .............................
Uji Simultan (Uji F) Terhadap Kinerja ...............................
Uji Parsial (Uji t) Terhadap Motivasi .................................
Uji Parsial (Uji t)Terhadap Kinerja .....................................
Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) Terhadap Motivasi ..................
Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) Terhadap Kinerja ....................
6
7
8
9
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58
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65
80
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83
84
86
87
90
94
95
98
98
99
99
100
101
103
103
104
105
107
107
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
No. Gambar
2.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
Judul
Halaman
Kerangka Konseptual ....................................................
Grafik Histogram Motivasi ...........................................
Plot Uji Normalitas Motivasi ........................................
Grafik Histogram Kinerja .............................................
Plot Uji Normalitas Kinerja ..........................................
Uji Heteroskedastisitas Motivasi ..................................
Uji Heteroskedastisitas Kinerja .....................................
Model Analisis Jalur Persamaan Pertama .....................
Model Analisis Jalur Persamaan Kedua........................
Model Akhir Analisis Jalur ...........................................
54
92
92
93
93
96
97
108
109
111
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara